CZ20004810A3 - Coupling for excavator teeth and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for coupling teeth to excavators and alike. Coupling between tooth (17, 49) and tooth carrier (1, 27) is carried out by combining three successive ones surfaces, from the center force to tie the parts into its free ending. The first surface of stepped straight guides (9, 10; 45, 46; 57, 58), which are open on the outer side the surfaces of the coupling part is followed by a guide surface by means of mutually opposite rotatable ones the surfaces (20, 21), and the third end surface (24, 31) in the form a prismatic rod whose axis coincides with the axis of the part.

Description

Coupler for teeth of excavators and similar equipment

Technical field

Excavator coupling machines of the type used on excavator or similar machinery. These machines are intended for the removal of soil and stone masses in public works and construction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Traditionally, excavator machines of various kinds, including buckets (digging vessels) provided with working edges, are expected to be used to remove soil and stone masses in civil engineering works of all kinds, which are envisaged for engaging the soil and stone mass during removal. For this reason, there are problems with the accelerated wear of their cutting edge, which must be provided with very hard, detachable parts with high mechanical strength, which are so-called teeth. Teeth are made of materials that have a high degree of hardness and mechanical strength in order to achieve a longer working life and the need for easy replacement, since their purpose is to accurately tolerate wear on the work surface, so it is essential for their replacement to be easy and fast.

Teeth for excavators and the like must meet a number of conditions, which in some cases are contradictory and, on the one hand, involve reduced manufacturing costs due to the type of intended use and frequency of replacement, and on the other hand high strength and longevity.

Reconciliation of this combination of characteristics is not easy in excavator tooth coupling devices because, firstly, because of the need for low cost mass-produced products, it is not possible to resort to mechanizing the parts to achieve more or less less tolerance in their dimensions, so that it is necessary to manufacture them on the basis of economical production methods to obtain solid parts such as casting and forging. However, the use of cast or forged parts represents an important limitation of the dimensional tolerances that can be achieved on the excavator teeth, resulting in restrictions on the good coupling between the tooth and the so-called tooth carrier, which is an element for engaging the active excavator bucket blade. An unsatisfactory coupling results in various operating problems due to improper placement of the tooth in its carrier, which manifests itself in high local contact pressures, with consequent wear and increased clearances between the tooth and carrier, again highlighting wear problems and reducing the useful life of the coupling .

Due to the above-mentioned technical reasons, one of the constant problems of producing teeth for excavators is to achieve embodiments that make it possible to achieve an improvement in the coupling of the tooth and its carrier, without entailing an excessive increase in manufacturing difficulties and hence the cost of these parts. For this reason, numerous systems for attaching a tooth to a carrier have been disclosed, all claiming to introduce improvements in the performance of these parts and hence in the coupling of the latter.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,404,760 discloses an coupler with an adapter and a point member in which the adapter has a recess with brackets (or < RTI ID = 0.0 >). ≪ / RTI > · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · (Hinges) and nose-like part that changes from conical form to a free rectangular tip.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has holders that have a support function because they can absorb the forces (stresses) they transmit from the end of a given point to the adapter. The coupler of the invention is precisely the result of the work done by the inventors in order to achieve a more balanced solution to the technical problems arising from the excavator teeth. As a result of the investigations and inventors' work, an excavator coupling device has been obtained which satisfactorily combines the features of mechanical robustness necessary in this section with significant ease of manufacture and extended life of the coupler.

According to the present invention, its satisfactory results are achieved by a specific combination of elements for guiding and coupling the teeth in the tooth carrier, which combination consists of: coupling the inserted special tooth protrusions having a double stepped inner rail with complementary recesses of the tooth carrier; rotating symmetrically to a given coupling, and finally an external / internal coupling in the end prism (prism) surface. The combination of these three types of basic coupling is achieved by providing a first coupling surface between the tooth and its support, which includes seats (bearings) that open at the edge of the tooth support and have an internally double, straight guide bar which takes the form of a cross section a double, stepped region extending through the sides of the tooth support parallel to the axis of this portion. The tooth has protruding surfaces complementary to said portions with a double stepped guiding structure, so that, when inserted, they are

the protruding surfaces duly engage in the double guide recesses, providing multiple coupling surfaces between the tooth and the tooth carrier in a transverse configuration at 90 °, providing a very effective coupling with many areas of contact between the two parts. The immediate coupling surface between the tooth and the tooth carrier has opposing, symmetrical pivot surfaces, taking the form of surfaces of cylindrical or frustoconical surfaces arranged at the beginning of the tooth coupling bar intended to coincide in the additional hole of the tooth carrier and, preferably, in such wherein one of the rotatable surfaces is disposed on the upper portion of the portion and the other, symmetrically opposite the first, is disposed on the lower portion of the portion. The third interlocking surface between the tooth and the tooth support, associated with those described above, forms the end pivot pin of the tooth coupling projection, which adopts a prismatic structure with rounded edges and an axis that coincides with the axis of the portion. The tooth has a coupling hole whose structure is complementary to that of the tooth carrier, where a combination of the three separate surfaces of a very effective coupling between the tooth and the tooth carrier is achieved, which enables efficient guidance of both parts without altering the favorable production characteristics. with respect to each other, with the result that the contact surfaces between the tooth and the tooth carrier are significantly increased, resulting in less individual wear and thus an extended service life of the coupling.

Similarly, these improvements provide a bolt cot arrangement in the main body or portion of the tooth carrier that is not covered with a tooth, thereby increasing the strength of the tooth carrier, which in turn allows the tooth carrier to be reduced internally, reducing the weight of the assembly. Optionally, the upper and lower bed ends for the retaining bolt or bolt will be closed • 9 9 9 999 999 ··· 9 9 9

9 9 · 9 9

9999 999 99 9999 through covers intended to protect the cotter cradles as much as possible, facilitating subsequent disassembly at the right time. The retaining bolt will have an assembly comprising a base body carrying a centering extension which is attached to the base body by vulcanization. In order to allow for a check of the correctly inserted state of the cotter pin and likewise certain manipulations that may be necessary for pulling out, the tooth will have an opening in one of its lateral mounting clips that coincides with the position of the bolt.

With regard to the outer and inner side guide rails, the design of the tooth and tooth carrier can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding, description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, by way of non-limiting example, showing:

Giant. 1 and 2 are respective front and plan views of a coupling for an excavator tooth according to the present invention.

Giant. 3 to 6 are cross-sections of the toothed coupler corresponding to the surface of the double, stepped guide bar.

Giant. 7 to 10 are cross-sectional views of a coupling surface provided with rotatable surfaces.

Giant. 11 is a cross-section of a prismatic, end-pivoting coupling pin.

Giant. Fig. 12 is a plan view of the assembly of the tooth and its carrier according to the present invention; 13 and 14 show longitudinal sections according to the indicated section planes.

Giant. 15 is a front view of the assembly of the tooth and tooth carrier.

Giant. 16 is a cross-section along the section plane shown in FIG.

15 Dec

• · ····

Giant. 17 is a perspective view of the coupling device from the right side corresponding to the cotter pin.

Giant. 18 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 17, from the reverse side of the split pin.

Giant. 19 is a perspective view of the assembly of a tooth and tooth carrier according to the present invention.

Giant. 20 is a perspective view of a tooth having a coupling device of the present invention.

Giant. 21 is a side view of a variant of the tooth carrier shown in FIG. 1 and the following figures.

Giant. 22 to 27 are sectional planes of the sections shown in FIG.

21.

Giant. 28 and 29 are a longitudinal sectional view of the assembly of the tooth and tooth carrier according to the variant of FIG. 21.

Giant. 30 and 31 are respective rear and front perspective views of the tooth according to the present improvements.

Giant. 32 and 33, respectively, cross-sectional views of bolt retaining bolts, according to the present improvements.

Giant. 34 is a side elevational view of the alternative version shown in FIG. 21, with an asymmetrical arrangement of the lateral guides.

Giant. 35 to 40 are cross-sectional views of the sectional planes shown in FIG. 34.

Giant. 41 is a perspective view of the assembly formed by the tooth carrier and tooth according to the variant of FIG. 34.

Giant. 42 is a longitudinal section taken along the section plane shown in FIG. 41.

Giant. 43 is a second longitudinal section through the section plane shown in FIG. 44, perpendicular to the section shown in FIG. 42.

Giant. 44 is a plan view of the assembly of the tooth and tooth carrier according to the present improvements.

Giant. 45 is a cross-sectional detail of the assembly of a tooth and tooth carrier according to the present invention showing a variant of the edge where the tooth and its carrier coincide.

Giant. 46 is a cross-sectional detail illustrating the stresses generated in the coupler of FIG. 45.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The coupling device (coupler) first comprises a tooth-bearing element, generally referred to as JL, which carries an inner coupler consisting of a tooth coupling surface 2 and a tooth coupling surface 3 with the active edge of the excavator bucket. The surface 3 has a substantially fork-shaped structure with arms 4 and 5 with a straight aligned recess 6 to attach it to the active edge of the bucket by welding or other means. The protruding part 3 has, as is usual in these coupling devices, a structure with decreasing cross-section from the initial face 7 of the protrusion 2 to the end straight end According to the present invention, the coupling 1 has respective openings on each side thereof 9 and 10, which begin at the face 7 and extend into the end 3 for coupling with the edge of the bucket. It is characteristic of these openings that both have a structure based on a double inner guide bar by means of transverse straight steps, as shown in FIG. 3 to 6, in which the holes 9 and 10 are shown to have linear forming lines parallel to the axis of the portion, taking the form of a cross-section in which a double straight guide bar is formed with a step having, for example, the guide bar hole 9 the straight parallel walls 11 and 12 of the first straight guide rail and the walls of the straight guide rail of the bottom of the recess 9, which are designated 13 and 14. Straight guide rails of each side, for example, 12 and 13, and also 11 and 14, · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4 and 4 are separated by respective straight (straight) steps 15 and 16. The recess structure 10 is identical. with that described in the recess 9, so that it is not explained in further detail below. The provision of a double stepped guide rail improves the coupling between the tooth and the tooth carrier by increasing the effective areas of contact between the two parts in the initial assembly. Tooth 17, FIG. 15 and 16, the protruding side wings or arms 18 and 19 are complementary to the openings of the double stepped guide rails 9 and 10, as shown in FIG. 15 and 16, 19 and 20.

The coupling protrusion 2 has, at its origin from the face 2 of part 1, a coupling surface by means of rotatable surfaces which are formed by two surfaces 20 and 21; 7 and 10, which may consist of frustoconical or cylindrical surfaces facing each other and symmetrical with respect to the axis of the portion that coincides with the axis of symmetry of the portions shown. The side grooves 22 and 23 extend along said mating surfaces and terminate in the furthest part shown in FIG. 10, in which the two pivot surfaces are opposed to each other, designated in this case 20 'and 21', with their ends practically connected. The third major support surface is formed by a rod 24 at the free end of the coupling surface 2, which assumes a straight, prismatic (prism) structure with rounded edges, as shown in FIG. 11.

The coupling is completed by a cotter pin 25, which is expected to retain the tooth 17, and which is encapsulated in a transverse bore 26 which opens in the part 2 in the immediate vicinity of the face 11.

In the variation of FIG. 21, indicated in total 27, a careless structure can be seen in the rear elongations 28 and 29, the first of which is a substantially blunt structure forming an elongation 29 at a certain angle with respect to the horizontal, intended to be incorporated with the elongation 29. • · · ·

tooth carriers on the edge of a bucket or ladle of earth moving machine. In this variation, the bolt bearing 30, which, as in the version of FIG. 1, provided in the tooth carrier body portion and not the nose portion, also has wide rebates or kinks 32 and 33 at its ends, which, in conjunction with a more limited bolt length, as see FIG. 28, 32 and 33, it is possible to receive the respective covers 34 and 35 in the upper and lower parts, which are preferably partially encapsulated in the ends of the bolt receiving apertures 36. In this way, additional protection is provided for the bolt ending. , metal objects and other parts that could cause it to be ejected, especially during demolition work, and moreover, it significantly improves the disassembly work for replacement. The bolt, as seen in a more detailed cross-section of FIG. 32, has a complex structure in which the body 36 is provided with a wide opening in which the centering insert 37 provided in its central portion of the outer edge with a small centering protrusion 38 is encapsulated and connected to the base body 36 via a vulcanized rubber surface 39; or some other flexible material.

The linear structure of the bolt 36 shown in FIG. 32, may be provided in the form of a finely arcuate structure as seen in FIG. 33, showing a bolt 40 provided with a certain longitudinal curvature that is provided with a similar centering insert 41, with a central protrusion 42 and having a connection with a similar resilient surface 43.

The embodiment of the tooth support with the stud support in its body, instead of being placed in the nose of the tooth support, imparts greater mechanical strength to the latter and allows the tooth support to be hollow inside, as shown in FIG. 22 to 26, where a cavity 44, similarly visible in FIG. 42 and 43, which opens in the mating area at the edge of the bucket, between the extensions 28 and 29. This embodiment makes it easier to mount the tooth carrier.

As seen in FIG. 22 to 26, the bucket carrier variant shown in FIG. 21 has lateral centering grooves of symmetrical type 45 and 46 as corresponding to FIG. 1 and the following figures, a double retaining bolt version is also shown, with the latter 47 and 48 seats, as shown in FIG. 23.

In FIG. 28 and 29, the coupling of the tooth 49 in the tooth carrier according to the variant of FIG. 21.

On the tooth 49, FIG. 30 and 31, the securing of the brackets 50 and 51 provided with the upper and lower guide rails, such as those designated 52 and 53 for the bracket 50, can be observed. The fastening of the brackets 51 is simply performed by an internally projecting block 54 which replaces the complete inner rib 55 variants FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 20. At the same time, the clip 51 has a hole 56 which is at the height of the bolt and which makes it possible to observe the correct coupling of the latter and, if desired, to assist some manipulation from inside the bolt in case of problems arising from pulling the bolt.

In the sections of FIG. 35 to 37, an arrangement of asymmetrical guide grooves is shown, such as a single dovetail groove 57 on the barrel side and a double, stepped groove 58 on the opposite side, a variant that can be used in some cases to replace the symmetrical groove on both sides of the tooth carrier. . In the case shown in FIG. 36 also shows the arrangement of a single split pin 59 associated with a double stepped groove 58.

The invention likewise provides a special edge design where the tooth carrier and tooth coincide, as shown in the respective φ · φ φ

Φ Φ φ Φ · Φ · Φ • φ φ Φ φ φ Φ • • φ Φ φ · φ Φ · * Φ φφ φ Φ φ φ Φ φ φ φ φ φ Φ φφ ΦΦΦ 11 and especially FIG. 21 et seq Giant. 45 a 46. According to submitted invention edge 60 carriers tooth it is not perpendicular to

however, it forms a certain angle α (alpha) with respect to the perpendicular p, as shown in FIG. 45, the complementary edge of the tooth 61 has a corresponding shape so that it can make contact against said edge 60 and the fact of the indicated angle, the vector Fi, which represents the reaction of the force F exerted on the tool at work, can be decomposed into components Fi _Z and F _iY , z which latter is the load transverse to the median plane of the tooth, which therefore collaborates in maintaining the tooth coupled in the tooth-facing components Fi effect _of which tend to expel the tooth and thus considerably reduces the risk of breakage through his throat.

Through the illustrated assembly, the excavator toothed coupler of the present invention has shown great efficiency by allowing a rigid coupling of the tooth in the tooth carrier by providing multiple contact areas in different planes, for splitting stresses over large areas to reduce wear in the coupler and increase its useful lifetime.

Claims (9)

PATENT CLAIMS A coupler for teeth of an excavator or the like of the type comprising a tooth supporting portion (1, 27) for attachment to an active edge of a bucket having a protrusion (2, 31) having a cross section decreasing towards the free end and a shape substantially complementary to receiving of the tooth (17, 49) allowing its coupling, in which the coupling between the tooth (17, 49) and the tooth carrier is made by combining a plurality of successive surfaces from the central portion of the coupling portion to its free end, including a first surface of stepped straight guide rails 9, 10; 45, 46; 57, 58), which are open on the lateral outer surfaces of the portion of the tooth carrier (1, 27), which are intended to receive complementary profiles of the side wings (18, 19); 50, 51 (tooth, 17, 49), followed by a guide surface through rotatable surfaces (20, 21) opposite to each other and an end surface (24, 31) in the form of a prismatic rod whose axis coincides with the tooth bearing portion 1.27; characterized by having: an area with stepped straight guide bars / 9, 10; 45, 46; 57, 58 (taking the form of a groove closed at its rear end and open at its front end and allowing the lateral wings to slide slidably); 50, 51 (a tooth) (17, 49) having at least one of these side wings (18, 19); 50, 51) and an inner projecting block (54) that extends along the side grooves (22, 23) during assembly of the tooth (17, 49); 45, 46; 46 and 58 (a) is retained in position by a retaining bolt (25, 59), a tooth retaining surface (17, 49) formed by two cambered recesses (60) secured in the front edge (7) 99 ·· ·· · 9 9 9 9 9 9 ** 9 9 9 ** 9 9 9 9 9 The tooth-bearing parts (1, 27), the recesses (60) receive the trailing edge (61) of the tooth opening (17, 49), including an acute angle α to the perpendicular to the median plane of the tooth (17, 49), this angle is complementary to the trailing edge (61) of the tooth neck (17, 49), a guide surface which forms one of the deflection angle planes of said retaining recesses (60) and is composed of two opposing conical surfaces (20, 21) whose the axes of rotation are in the same plane, offset from each other and different from the axis of the tooth bearing portion (1, 27), the end face (24, 31), whose cross-section corresponds to an irregular hexagon with longer sides in horizontal position and one or two holes 26, 47, 48 for receiving a retaining bolt (25, 59) arranged in and extending perpendicular to the tooth-bearing portion (1, 27), interrupted by the stepped profile of the straight guide bar (9, 10); 45, 46; 57, 58 (offset) relative to the annular recesses (60) of the leading edge (7) of the tooth-bearing portion (1, 27). An excavator coupling or the like according to claim 1, characterized in that the bent recesses (60) of the front edge (7) of the tooth bearing parts (1, 27) which receive the back edge (61) of the neck or hole of the tooth (17). 48, extend along the profile of the widest part of the mating surface, which is formed by two conical surfaces (20, 21) opposed to each other, forming the rear portion of the nose of the tooth-bearing parts. An excavator coupler or the like according to claim 2, wherein the two bent recesses (60) of the front edge (7) of the tooth-bearing portions (1, 27) have upper and lower portions that are constrained at their two ends two stepped guide rails (9, 10); 45, 46; 57, 58) forming one of the mating surfaces. • · An excavator coupler or the like according to claim 2, wherein the two bowed recesses (60) of the front edge (7) of the tooth-bearing portions (1, 27) limit the widest portion of the two conical surfaces (20, 21). which form mating or coupling surfaces which in turn are directly constrained by their sides by means of stepped guides (9, 10); 45, 46; 57, 58) forming a mating surface and coincident with the surface of the end mating surface (24, 31). Excavator coupler or the like, according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting function performed by the bowed recesses (60) of the front edge of the tooth-bearing parts (1, 27) with respect to the back edge (61) of the hole or neck of the tooth (17). 49 is supplemented by a adjusting function performed by the rear walls of the stepped straight guide rails (9, 10); 45, 46; 57, 58) with respect to the protruding ends of the side wings (18, 19); 50, 51]. An excavator coupling or the like according to claim 1, characterized in that the pin (25, 59) for retaining the tooth (17, 49) on the tooth-bearing parts (1, 27) has a shorter length than the hole (bore). 26, 47, 48 (to accommodate it in this portion (1, 27)), thereby allowing the upper or lower removable cover (34, 35) to be received in the hole or opening. An excavator ' s coupling according to claim 6, characterized in that the studs (34, 35) closing the bolt receiving hole are partially seated in the upper and lower recesses (32, 33) of the hole or bore (26, 47). , 48 / for bolt (25, 59). Excavator coupler or the like according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the profile of the side wings (18, 19); 50, 51 of the tooth (17, 49) is complementary to the profile of the stepped straight guide rails (9, 10); 45, 46; 57, 58]. An excavator ' s coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the irregular hexagon end surface (24, 31) extends in accordance with at least one end, in a rectangular shaped extension.