CZ20003609A3 - Adjusting method of burner characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for adjusting the characteristics of burners, wherein is based on a certain power value (P,) that is assigned at least the air flow value (A,) and the fuel value (F,). Power (P) and thus assigned air passage (A) and passage fuel (F) and if necessary the assigned auxiliary drives (H) always change in the first direction (Rj) so that the measured waste values gas changes at the next power value (P, + 1). Building on it the power (P) and thus the air passage (A) or passage fuel (F) and auxiliary drives (H) so that the next value air passage (Al + 1) and other fuel passage (F,. |) For this additional power value (P, + i> so that it is re-sets the previously defined waste gas values. Then the air passage (A) and fuel passage change again (F), however, in those directions that respect the results of this and at least previous measurements.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners, whereby the values of the air passage (As), the fuel passage value (FJ) and, if applicable, the values of the auxiliary drives (Hj) are changed by adjusting the defined values exhaust gas values, wherein the air / fuel passage values represent the air / fuel passage rate in the burner.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Similar methods for adjusting burner characteristics are known, wherein for each burner power value different air, fuel or other adjustable parameters are stored in the computer memory, so that at a certain power requirement the computer adjusts the corresponding actuators such as pumps, aggregates and fans so that so that the burner reaches the appropriate output. In particular, in modern combustion plants, care must be taken to keep the optimum, i.e., predefined, exhaust gas value for each output value.

Since at least the air value and the fuel value have to be determined for each individual burner power value, in order to achieve the correspondingly defined values, methods for adjusting the characteristics of the burners are known, i.e. methods for determining the corresponding air values respectively. fuel for each individual burner output; the fuel changes gradually or repeatedly until the optimum exhaust gas value for the corresponding power stage is set. The output varies accordingly depending on the air supply or airflow.

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4 4 4 • 4 94 fuel. It is known from DE 30 39 994 C2 or EP 0209 771 A1, for example, that when the burner is first operated, the optimum air supply over the required load range is achieved by selecting partial fuel passage values by measuring the corresponding exhaust gas values, which are then stored in a computer.

Furthermore, it is known from DE 197 49 506 C1 that it is necessary to anticipate times of constant fuel passages during operation of the combustion plant and to optimize the burner characteristics by varying the air supply in order to determine the minimum necessary air supply based on the combustion gases .

These known methods, however, allow the determination of the characteristics of the burners only at quite certain fuel passage values, since the optimum supply of combustion air is in a non-linear relation to the corresponding fuel passage. Depending on the design of the burner, the type of fuel, the design of the heating or heating system. combustion plants exist at individual output stages respectively. burner performance values different air to fuel ratios.

The known methods for adjusting the corresponding characteristics have the disadvantage that the gradual determination of the individual points makes the adjustment of the characteristics very long and costly, while the presetting of the characteristics does not usually lead to an optimum ratio of combustion values. values of waste gases. Here, too, an administrator is required. heating engineer to optimize the burner characteristics gradually.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to improve the known methods for adjusting the characteristics of the burners so that the corresponding characteristics can be determined quickly and at a reasonable cost.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above task fulfills the method of setting the characteristics of the burners, where the values of the air passage (Aj), the values of the fuel passage (Fi) and, if necessary, are changed on the basis of the power values (P1..n) of the burner (1). the values of the auxiliary drives (Hj) by adjusting the defined values of the exhaust gases, the air / fuel passage values representing the air / fuel passage rate of the burner according to the invention, which is based on changing the power (P) of the burner (1) based on the first power value (P ^ with the value of the air passage (Ai), the value of the fuel passage (F ^ and possibly the value of the auxiliary drives (Hi)) that by changing the power (P) the air passage and / or direction (R 1) until the value of the exhaust power (P _{i +} i) changes the value of the exhaust gases that at least another value of the air passage (A _{i +} i) and / or another value of the fuel passage (F _{j +} i) (P _{i + 1} ) determines that the defined exhaust gas value is set again and that when the power (P) changes, the air and / or fuel passage and / or the auxiliary drive always change on the basis of the other power value (Pj + i). in other directions, which respect the results of this and at least a further measurement of the exhaust gas.

Methods for adjusting the air or resp. fuel or other characteristics of the burner adjusters are divided into the following steps:

First, the burner power is changed based on the first power value and the first value of the air flow, the first value of the fuel and event. the first values of the power take-off, wherein the change in power changes the air and / or fuel passage and / or the power take-off in the first direction. This always first direction corresponds to the way of the whole connection (all

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adjusters) along roughly defined characteristics (curve points) until the waste gas value of the next power value changes. Essentially, a change in the power setting serves as an independent parameter, while the individual values of air, fuel and / or power take-off based on the first directions change automatically. Therefore, the installer does not change the values repeatedly, but only the corresponding burner output.

As a result, the corresponding air flow or air flow rate changes at this additional power value. corresponding passage of fuel or other value for the auxiliary drive so that the defined values of the off-gases are set again, i. that the corresponding values of air respectively. The fuel value is changed at this power value by setting the next air value and the next fuel value, at which the defined exhaust gas value is again set.

Consequently, the air and fuel passage and eventual change of the burner output do not change (automatically). values for other auxiliary drives in the first direction, but (automatically) in the corresponding other, i.e., the other direction, which respects the results of this and at least the next, possibly at least one, respectively. previous measurement of waste gases. These three steps are then repeated until the final power value or the power level is reached. maximum power values, ie. rated burner output.

For example, the ignition position is used for the first point of the curve, unless another value is known, eg for low load. The power value is a temporary fuel value that is defined by the ignition position. This point can also be used as a low load point. However, the minimum load (low load) of the burner, if known, is also recommended as the first power value, whereupon the air passage and the fuel passage and, if necessary, change. another auxiliary drive at the beginning of the setting linearly fefe fe * fefe fefe fefe fefe fefe fefe · fefe fefe fefe · fefe fefe fefe fefe fefe fefe fefe fefe fefe fefe f · fefe fefe fefe · (maximum air or fuel flow) at the maximum burner output when the output increases accordingly. On the diagram of the corresponding output, air, fuel, the air flow or airflow increases as the output increases. the fuel passage along a line which is based on the first, for example, minimum values of air and fuel or ignition position values, and passes through the corresponding maximum values of air or fuel respectively; fuel (opening angle of actuators 90 °; power at 100%). When starting from the first point of the curve, the power value (increase in air or fuel flow) increases as well as the exhaust gas values change. At this point (intermediate points) new values for fuel, air or other auxiliary drive values are set and stored in the computer memory.

After the determination of other air values resp. fuel flow changes air or resp. fuel when changing output according to another direction, which is formed, for example, by extrapolating a line that always leads to the last defined value of air resp. fuel. This line then usually no longer runs through the previously received end point, ie the intersection of maximum power at maximum fuel and air flow, but according to another line.

However, it is also possible that they will change after the determination of further air values and / or other fuel values, respectively. other values of the auxiliary drives air passage and / or fuel passage respectively. corresponding auxiliary drive depending on one direction for maximum or minimum airflow or fuel respectively. the maximum or minimum setting of the power take-off at maximum or minimum burner power, depending on whether the setting, ie the power change, is intended in the direction of greater or lesser power. In this case, the determined last values always serve to determine the characteristics between these and the previously determined values.

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In the method for setting the air characteristics resp. Fuel burners can similarly determine other characteristics. They may be, for example, auxiliary drives, auxiliary pumps or other adjusting elements for optimum burner adjustment. All parameters, ie setting options, can be simultaneously set for each (ie new) power value. The following criterion may be used to determine the corresponding power value at which the air, fuel or other value is reset to determine the new direction of the characteristic curve.

It is possible to use permissible intervals of different combustion values as defined exhaust gas values, so that exceeding and / or not reaching one or more interval limits of different combustion values will result in the determination of an additional fuel value or a different fuel value. other air or other values.

Air characteristic resp. fuel or other characteristics then arise by successive overlapping of the individual sections between the previously determined values of air or air. fuel. This characteristic setting takes place before the initial commissioning or during maintenance work on the burner optimization. Also, when a part of the burner or the burner apparatus itself is replaced, the corresponding characteristics can be determined quickly and easily by means of the method according to the invention, without having to intervene on the corresponding control respectively. control device.

After the first setting of the burner / resp. For individual fuel or air characteristics, the allowable intervals of the different combustion values may be reduced or increased, so that stricter requirements for the characteristics are imposed. New "optimization" characteristics, ie. a new course of individual burner output ranges arises

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by exceeding resp. by not reaching the now smaller intervals, the new "optimization points", ie the burner power values, at which individual air, fuel or other values are optimized so that the waste gas values are again within the now reduced intervals.

In this way, the burner can be precisely optimized by gradually shifting the individual straight parts together.

For this purpose, according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is possible to drive to the already set power values according to the already set characteristics in order to determine new values of air and / or fuel resp. auxiliary values, so that the defined exhaust gas values are set again. New values of air and / or fuel resp. the auxiliary values are then used to adjust or re-determine the characteristics.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to specifically achieve certain power values according to the previously set characteristics, and based on air values and / or fuel values respectively. Auxiliary values at this power value or by means of power measurements have determined a new power value (P _r ), which is used for adjustment or for the re-determination of the characteristics, if it turns out that the originally defined power value is not correct.

It is also possible to combine both of the above-mentioned methods, whereby certain power values according to the already set characteristics were achieved in a targeted manner, a new air value and / or a fuel value, respectively. the auxiliary values are determined by resetting the defined values of the exhaust gases, these new air and / or fuel and resp. auxiliary values obtained at this power value or power measurement

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used to determine the new power value and to adjust or re-determine the characteristics.

Corresponding drives for air, fuel or auxiliary actuators are varied by a predetermined linearly increasing speed. The linearly increasing speed is the maximum speed to change the actuators and is preferably between 30 and 120 seconds to change the setting to 90 [deg.]. Depending on the “climb” of the individual characteristics, resp. of the characteristic sections between the two values for air, fuel or power take-off, the actuators change along with the individual linearly increasing velocity so as to follow the characteristic curves, i.e. the characteristic adjustability. For example, when the power changes by 5%, the air characteristic section between 25 ° and 40 °, the fuel characteristic section between 25 ° and 30 ° and the linearly increasing speed of 30s / 90 °, the air drive setting changes at full linearly increasing speed and drive setting The fuel will change at a half line of increasing speed. The time required for this is then 3.33s. As a result, the entire connection is shifted during performance adjustment according to the characteristic, without temporary variations in the characteristics, poorer combustion and thus higher pollutant production.

In addition, it is possible to combine the individual found "support points", ie. the corresponding values of air or even fuel at each power value, using the 2nd, 3rd or top-level functions at which three, four or more points of the current characteristic are drawn, and determine the corresponding functions. Depending on the interpolation algorithm, certain accuracy requirements for individual characteristics can be met.

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List of drawings:

The invention is explained in more detail by way of examples. The drawings show:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the combustion apparatus; FIG. 2 shows the first step for adjusting the three characteristics; FIG. 3 shows the second step for adjusting the three characteristics; FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Giant. 1 shows a diagram of a burner 1 to which fuel 3 and air are supplied

2. For regulation of air supply resp. of the fuel supply, the burner is provided with a regulator 7 which acts on the corresponding fuel adjusters 4 and 4 respectively. air regulators 5. To regulate the air supply resp. of the fuel supply, the burner regulator 7 receives signals from the exhaust gas probe 6, which sends an indication of the values of the exhaust gases and of the exhaust gas respectively. combustion of the waste gases 8 into the burner controller 7. To obtain for each power level respectively. the value of the output P1n of the burner 1 corresponding to the value of the air passage Aj and the value of the fuel passage Fj, which serves the burner regulator 7 to optimally adjust the combustion process, the method according to the invention serves to adjust the characteristics.

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A preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in Figures 2 to 4:

After adjusting the corresponding special positions of the actuators 4 or 5 or other auxiliary drives for the corresponding burner characteristics 2, 3, H, the ignition position Z is first set from the individual characteristics. As shown in FIG. 2, there are 3 different positions for fuel, air, and eventually. equipped with auxiliary drive.

After setting the ignition position Z, the burner 1 is guided to the first power value P1, which, for example, represents the position of the lowest load, if known, after start-up. Otherwise, the ignition position is determined using the first fuel flow value as the power value. In this case, the air passage value Aj, the fuel passage value Fj and the value of the auxiliary drive, subsequently known as Hi, are determined. If this first power value has not previously been explicitly entered as a low power position, the control device, i.e. burner controller 7, will first assume the Z positions entered for ignition also for the first power position, i.e., the first power value P1.

Then the actual adjustment of the burner curves starts. The fuel characteristic 3, air characteristic 2 and auxiliary characteristic Η must be set. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the controller adjusts the incremental power values to adjust the burner characteristics. The starting point is the above-mentioned power value Ρχ, such as the point of lowest load shown in the example. From there, in manual operation or even in automatic operation, the burner 1 leads in the direction of higher power, for which the individual values such as fuel or air vary according to lines which always move through the first mentioned points and maximum point at maximum power and maximum adjustment of the actuators 4, respectively. 5 (shown as 90 ° in FIG. 2); values of fuel, air or even auxiliary drive values • • v 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ·· 4444 4 ·· 49 44 44 thus proceed along inter- or extrapolated lines. This auxiliary point X also serves first as an orientation aid for the direction of the individual characteristics; it is based on the first value of air passage Αχ, value of fuel passage Fi and value of auxiliary drives Hj. This first direction is denoted Ry in FIG. 2 for the auxiliary drive curve H

FIG. 3 shows a second power value Pg at which the combustion values are no longer reached; previously defined values of waste gases, resp. changes so that they no longer lie at fixed intervals. At this power value, Pgse now determines new air, fuel and auxiliary values, which again lead to a defined exhaust gas value. After re-setting the corresponding air value Ag, the fuel value Fg and the value of the auxiliary drive Hg, they always create new directions Rg for air characteristic 3 for fuel characteristic 2 and for auxiliary characteristic H. These new directions Rg result from extrapolation of corresponding lines Ay Ag resp. Fy Fg or H.y H2.

In this way, the installer of the heating system, the burner manager or the maintenance worker reaches the point where the burner has reached its maximum output, ie its rated output P _max .

Thus, as shown in FIG. 4, characteristics arise which are formed by the successive interconnection of the individual parts, showing different directions as Ry Rgresp. R4.

After determining the individual characteristics of the burner based on the methods of the invention and as shown in Fig. 4, experience is now possible, for example, starting from the air value ^ 4 to revert to a defined characteristic and adjust the burner more finely. This top-down path allows fine adjustment by scheduling smaller interval limits

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combustion values. However, it is possible to use targeted individual power values inside (for example, in the middle) of previously defined values and so to further optimize the characteristics.

The corresponding performance data, ie the power value and the position data of the actuator used, such as the fuel drive 4 or the air drive 5, are suitable for defining the individual support points of the characteristics.

Giant. 5 shows an alternative setting of the characteristics, wherein after determining the next air value Aj + ia and / or the further fuel value Fm resp. further values of the auxiliary drive H1 vary the air passage and / or the fuel passage respectively. corresponding auxiliary drive depending on Su Ro direction of maximum or minimum air and fuel flow respectively. maximum or minimum setting of the auxiliary drive at maximum or minimum burner output P _max , P _o . Here, for example, the third air value A3 serves to adjust the air characteristic between the second air value A1 and the third air value A3, while in the direction of greater power the air flow changes according to a line which is determined between the third air value A3 and the auxiliary value X.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS Method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners, based on the power values (P1..n) of the burner (1), the air passage values (AJ, the fuel passage values (Fj) and the auxiliary drive values (Hj) are changed by adjusting defined exhaust gas values, wherein the air / fuel passage values represent the air / fuel passage rate in the burner, characterized in that the power (P) of the burner (1) varies from the first power value (P1) with the air passage value (Ai) ), the fuel passage value (Fi) and the auxiliary drive value (HO, respectively) that by varying the power (P) the air passage and / or the fuel passage always change in the first direction (Ri) until it changes for the next power value (Pi + (i) the value of the waste gases that at least the other value of the air passage (A + i) and / or the other value of the fuel passage (F _{i +} i) is determined for the next power value (Pi + i) by resetting the defined value of the waste gases and that when The change in power (P) changes the air flow and / or fuel passage and / or the power take-off in further directions, respecting the results of this and at least a further measurement of the waste gases, based on the additional power value (P _{i + 1} ). Method for adjusting the characteristics of burners according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition value or the minimum load (Ρ, ™) of the burner (1) is used as the first power value (P0) and that the air flow changes as the power (P) increases. fuel flow and, if applicable, the auxiliary drive linearly in the first direction (R ^ of the maximum air and fuel flow values or the maximum setting of the auxiliary drive at maximum burner output (P _max ). Method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after determining the further value of the air passage (Am) and / or the further value of the fuel passage (Fm) and / or the fuel. further values of the power take-off (Hm) when the power is changed (P) change the air passage and / or the fuel passage and, if necessary, corresponding auxiliary drive according to the second direction (R2), which is generated by extrapolation or interpolation of the line always over the last two defined air values (A; Aid) resp. fuel values (F1; Fj-i) respectively. intermediate values (H; Hm). Method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after determining the further value of the air passage (Am) and / or the further value of the fuel passage (Fm) and / or the fuel. further values of the power take-off (Hm) when the power is changed (P) change the air passage and / or the fuel passage and, if necessary, corresponding auxiliary drive depending on one direction (Rx, Ro) of maximum or minimum values of air and fuel flow respectively. maximum or minimum setting of the auxiliary drive at maximum or minimum burner output (P _max , P _o ). Method for adjusting the characteristics of burners according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it is possible to use permissible intervals of different combustion values as defined exhaust gas values, so that exceeding and / or not reaching one or more interval limits of different combustion values ) respectively. other air values (Am) or power take-off values (Hm). Method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the characteristics of the burner (1) are formed by successive interconnection of individual parts, which are formed from sections of defined lines between the individual values of air / fuel resp. values of the power take-off. Method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners according to the preceding claims, characterized in that certain power values (Pj) are achieved in a targeted manner according to the characteristics already set, and that the new air values (Ar) and / or the fuel values (Fj *) and / or the auxiliary drive values (Hj *) are determined by resetting the defined exhaust gas values, these new air values (Ar) and / or the fuel values (Fj *) respectively. the values of the auxiliary drive (Hj ·) are used to adjust or re-determine the characteristics. Method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that certain power values (Pj) are achieved in a targeted manner according to the characteristics already set, and that on the basis of the values of air (Aj) and / or A new power value (Pj *) is determined for the auxiliary drive (Hj) and used to adjust or re-determine the characteristics. Method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners according to claims 1-6, characterized in that specific power values (Pj) according to the characteristics already set are specifically obtained, and φφφφ · ··: r: ·: Nové φφφ • Φ φφφφ · · · · φ that new air values (Aj «) and / or fuel values (Fp>) resp. the values of the auxiliary drive (Hr) are determined by resetting the defined exhaust gas values, these new air values (Aj ·) and / or the fuel values (Fr) respectively. the auxiliary drive (Hr) values are used to determine the new power value (Pr) and to adjust or re-determine the characteristics. Method for adjusting the characteristics of the burners according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the air, fuel or auxiliary drive adjusting members are always varied by means of a predetermined linearly increasing speed. Method for adjusting burner characteristics according to claim 10, characterized in that the actuators for the air, fuel or auxiliary actuators exhibit different linearly increasing speeds, and that the air passage and / or the fuel passage change when the power (P) changes. or an auxiliary drive with a speed corresponding to the slope of the characteristic.