CZ178399A3 - Self-contained balk building element - Google Patents

Abstract

The beam-like building component (10) comprises an exterior side surface Π /, interior side surface (8), insulating part (1) and therefrom a parts (5,6) which connect the insulating part (1) and the side surfaces (7,8). The insulating part (1) of the building component (10) serves as a supporting structure. Between the insulating portion (1) and the side surfaces (7,8) is formed a cavity (14) which, by means of openings (15), in the connecting parts (5,6) is air connected with cavities / 14 / in building components / 10 / stored above, etc. Building components / 10 / may be self-constellationforstaking for creation building structure. All necessary wiring and piping buildings can be installed in the cavities (14) in the factory (10) and the side surfaces (7, 8) may be coated as well as coatings and treatments in the factory. Building built from construction parts / 10 / is very fast and completely ready for use.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a self-supporting beam-like component according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention relates to the construction of low buildings. Low buildings are normally constructed of beams, lumber and slabs as well as panels made from them. The object in the art is to use prefabricated parts from which the finished building can be obtained quickly and with little effort. Packages of timber and timber houses have been developed to assemble prefabricated parts.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Although some kind of quick erection has been achieved by turnkey buildings ”, assembling parts and electrical assembly, HEPAC and indoor work in buildings require professional skills and very much meticulous skills, as well as a large number of working hours. Production batches are small, which increases the proportion of design work per building.

Above all, it can be noted what, where, simple methods and cost savings have been achieved in the construction industry, this without exception often means a significant reduction in the building quality standard.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION by modification. Work can professional skills

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a building component that has been manufactured in a factory in final dimensions with dimensional accuracy and equipped with the necessary accessories such as surface treatment, electrical, telecommunication and HEPAC lines and piping. Due to their dimensional accuracy and structure, the parts can be easily and quickly stacked on top of each other, thus obtaining a complete wall with a final surface to be executed by a person without special, but the result of the work will be both • ·· • ·

technically and visually to the level of earlier craftsmanship, or even better.

This is achieved by means of the components according to the invention, the basic characteristics of which are set forth in the characterizing part of the appended claim 1.

Thus, a building component according to the invention is a beam member having mainly a vertical exterior side surface and a vertical interior side surface, therebetween an insulating portion and parts connecting the insulating portion and said side surfaces. The insulating portion of the building component is a load-bearing structure that accommodates vertical loads, a structure having substantially the height of the building component but is so narrow that at least one side of the insulating portion between the insulating portion and the exterior and / or interior side surface is a cavity. In the cavity or cavities there are transverse members that are attached to the side surface or side surfaces and to the insulating portion. The components are so constructed that they can be stacked on top of each other in a self-aligning manner to form a support structure.

The component according to the invention is a fully prefabricated part of the completed building. Its exterior side surface was given the desired factory finish as well as its interior side surface. The exterior side surface and the interior side surface are preferably molded. The exterior surface may be of wood veneer, wood compound, stone compound or recycled compound consisting of different materials. The surface can be provided with any treatment at the factory. The interior surface is preferably of the same material as the exterior surface, but may have any surface treatment such as painting, wallpapering, cladding, etc. at the factory. The surfaces of the sides may have any profile, for example an ornamental profile.

The low building constructed from the beam-like building elements of the invention primarily resembles a building with rounded boards. By varying the surface finishes and shapes of the components, considerably different effects can be achieved.

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The insulating part of the building component forms the load-bearing structure of the component and itself provides the necessary thermal and other insulation. The insulating part forms a closed watertight housing inside the panel. The core of the insulating part is made of mineral wool, for example, and there are support plates on the side surfaces of the core. The core is preferably of porous plastic or mineral wool, and the support plates are preferably plywood. Alternatively, the core may be a support element of the insulating portion, in which case it is, for example, a structural mineral wool in which the orientation of the fiber planes is vertical. In this case, there may be some airtight film or foil on the side surfaces of the insulating portion.

Between the insulating part and one or both side surfaces is a cavity in which all necessary piping and cabling of the building, such as electrical, telecommunication, data network and HEPAC lines, can be installed. In building elements stacked on top of each other, these cavities are connected through openings in the transverse sections attached to the side surfaces and to the insulating portion. Thus, a continuous air space is formed between the insulating portion and the side surface that vents the cavity walls.

The component is designed to be self-adjusting on top of the component below it. The top and bottom surfaces of the panels are designed to interlock in an overlap or shape and thus no errors occur when stacking the panels on top of one another; they will set themselves on top of each other, exactly in the transverse direction of the workpiece. Alternatively, if the top and bottom sides of the panels are not so constructed, additional means may be used which is pushed through the apertures in the transverse panels to guide the panels positioned one on top of the other exactly in the transverse direction.

The longitudinal positioning is carried out, for example according to the marking on the components or according to the construction drawings.

As a result of the prefabrication of the components, they are absolutely dimensionally accurate and therefore no difficulty in assembling them due to dimensional deviations.

Building using a building component according to the invention becomes as easy as a child's play. The parts are easy to handle and can be lifted even by one person. The parts are held together by the force of gravity. It is also possible to use an adhesive to fix one part to the other. The adhesive is applied to one or both of the surfaces in contact or, alternatively, the surfaces may be provided with an adhesive strip with a removable coating. Additionally or alternatively, connecting parts extending through openings in the panels may be used as fastening means.

The correct alignment is automatic because the panels have the correct surface finishes, moisture barriers, ventilation gaps and so on. Making inserts or cutouts is easy, even with simple tools. Electrical or heating installations and, if necessary, data network installations are carried out in factory units. All you need to do when assembling the parts together is to fix the missing coupling device in place.

According to. calculations, exterior and interior surface treated detached house equipped with all electrical, water and heating equipment can be built at a time that is only around 1/20, ie. a small fraction of the time needed to build a corresponding detached house.

The most significant advantage of the invention is that the finished wall is formed quickly and with low construction costs. The construction is cheap and the end result is always good. In system building methods, the wall surface is perfect which visually and technically resembles a wall formed by conventional wood building methods and has all the advantages provided by traditional wood building methods but is in some respects both technically and more sophisticated.

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The exterior surface of the walls erected from such insulated beam-like building elements resembles a surface rounded with boards whose profile can be freely selected. Alternatively, the wall may be completely smooth. The surface treatment attached to the shaped surface may be of almost any surface material.

In regions and countries where professional work is not available, or where such work is very expensive, building will take its place in a completely new situation. Construction is cheap, fast with a high standard, even if it is done with limited workforce.

Due to its dimensional accuracy, the component allows for complete deliveries including even the smallest parts of the delivery. In principle, no sawdust will be produced at the construction site.

The building component of the invention provides the opportunity to produce wooden buildings in a centralized manner at one location in large batches. The parts can also be obtained in optimal form and are easily transportable even over long distances.

In the most preferred embodiment, the exterior side surface and interior side surface of the building component and the interconnecting upper surface of the component have been formed in one piece, i.e., the skirt portion of the component. The self-aligning means of the panel as well as any side surface decoration based on the shape can be produced simply by molding.

The casing part of the building component may be of wood veneer, wood mixture, stone mixture, recycled mixture, plastic or any other similar material.

Casing part made of wood veneer

The casing part of the panel may be made of wood veneer, in which case its properties will primarily resemble a solid wood plank but without some disadvantages of solid wood.

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The desired external appearance is achieved by selecting the surface veneer. If it is made of crossed strips, the pressed wood will change in size and crack substantially less than solid wood and hence is a less problematic and better basis for finishes such as painting. As a primer for compressed wood, laminated wood can be improved by laminating, for example, with resin paper onto the surface of the compressed wood. The coating conditions and chemistry of the varnish used can be optimized since the varnishing is carried out at the factory. The durability of the lacquer surface is thus highly dependent on the durability of the lacquer material itself.

Casing part of the construction part made of wood mixture

The sheath portion of the panel may be made of a wood blend, such as a medium fiber density blend or a high fiber density blend. Pressed wood mixture is considerably less expensive than pressed laminated wood. When using a pressed wood mixture, a clear wood similarity is not achieved but instead many other good properties are obtained. If the surface is veneered, the outer appearance of the wood can even be achieved.

The vertical profile of the shell part is easy to process into the desired shape. The lacquer properties of the molded wood mixture (medium fiber density) are superior to any other wood product. Depending on its composition, the molded wood compound provides wider possibilities for influencing the resistance to fire and weather.

Choice of other materials

The casing part of the building component can in principle be made of any mixture which by its technical properties is suitable for the desired shape and use. The various stone and plastic materials that are used, eg for sanitary ware, are highly useful as a raw material for the shell part.

It is also possible to make the sheath part of the recycled mixture, especially for regions where the required standards are not so

-74 ·· 44 44 44 • 4 4 · · 4 4 4 · · 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 · 4 4 · · 4444 »·· • 4 4 4 4 4 4 • 44« 4 44 44 4 «As high as in Finland. Such regions include developing countries, disaster areas, temporary projects for the project, ie all applications where construction must be cheap and fast.

The fire resistance of the component can be substantially increased by laminating a thin metal layer under the surface veneer. The metal layer may also be bonded as a surface layer of the molded material if it is desired to impart special properties to the member, eg for cold stores or the like. Useful surface treatment alternatives also include all known methods of the woodworking and molded materials industry, such as. making various films - on the surface - eg melamine films, plastic laminates, PVC coatings.

In addition, the component according to the invention is environmentally friendly. It is made from renewable natural resources. It is heat-saving, its lacquer finish lasts longer than conventional buildings. The construction of a building produces waste in one place only, ie in a production plant, making the waste problem easier to solve. The component is packed only once and transported only once, ie to the construction site.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Numerous preferred embodiments of the components of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a component according to the invention;

Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross-section of two components according to the invention which are placed on top of each other and above them the component before being lowered on top of the previous two;

Fig. 3 shows a partial horizontal section III-III of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 shows a partial horizontal section through IV-IV in Fig. 1;

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Figure 5 is a perspective view of the component of Figure 1;

Fig. 6 shows a building component according to another embodiment, wherein the side surfaces of the component have a different shape;

Fig. 7 shows a building component according to another embodiment, wherein the side surfaces of the component have another different shape;

Fig. 8 shows three components according to another embodiment in the condition of Fig. 2; in these panels, the top surface of the panel and the side surfaces of the panel are separate pieces;

Fig. 9 shows a component according to another embodiment without an upper surface;

Figure 10 shows the three components of Figure 9 in the state of Figure 2;

Fig. 11 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line XI-XI of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 shows a component according to another embodiment without a bottom surface;

Figure 13 shows the three components of Figure 12, in the state of Figure 2;

Fig. 14 is a horizontal sectional view of XIV-XIV in Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 shows a component according to another embodiment without both an upper surface and a lower surface;

Figure 16 shows the three components of Figure 15 in the state of Figure 2;

Fig. 17 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of XVII-XVII in Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of XVIII-XVIII in Figs.

16;

Fig. 19 shows two components according to another embodiment without self-adjusting means formed by side

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the surfaces in a state in which the panels are at a small vertical distance from each other;

Fig. 20 shows, in the manner of Fig. 19, two components according to another embodiment in which the self-adjusting means are on only one of the side surfaces; and Fig. 21 illustrates, in the manner of Fig. 19, two components according to another embodiment in which the self-adjusting means are formed in the upper surface and the lower surface of the component.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The component according to FIGS. 1 to 5 is the best embodiment of the invention comprising all the solutions according to the invention optimally used. The beam-shaped panel is indicated by the reference numeral 10. The panel comprises a supporting insulating part 7 which is closed between the molded sheath part 9 and the lower surface 5. The insulating part comprises a core 2 of insulating material and a supporting plate 3 attached thereto. The housing 9 comprises an exterior side surface 2 and an interior side-surface 8 of the panel and the top surface 2 integral ^with them. The lower surface 6 has a U-shaped cross-section and its arms 11 are attached to the inner surface of the side surfaces 2 of the panel.

The upper edges of the side surfaces,, 2 are inclined inwardly so that the side surfaces have an inwardly bent portion 12 and a vertical portion 13 thereafter. 6 and the lower portions of the side surfaces 2 '2 create a space into which the upper section of the panel formed from the upper edges of the side walls 2' 2 ^{and the} upper surface 5 of the panel exactly fits in its shape. As a result of this engagement, the panels are self-aligning one on top of the other precisely by orientation of the panel width. Due to the shape lock and the weight of the panel, they hold each other so well that other fastening means are not necessarily necessary.

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The cavities between the plates 3 of the insulating portion 1 and the side surfaces of the panel are indicated by 14. In the upper surface 5 and the lower surface 6 of the panel there are openings 15 in the region of the cavities 14. The openings are elongated and hole length. Thus, the connection of the air space between the panels placed on top of each other is provided by apertures 15, since the upper and lower surfaces of the two panels placed on top of each other touch such that their apertures are at least partially above each other regardless of the longitudinal position of the panels.

This connection of the air space provides ventilation of the components. The connection of the air space allows the cabling and piping to run from one level of components to another. The cavity 14 itself allows the pipe to run concealed within the walls. The connection of the openings to each other also enables the mechanical fastening of the means used.

The core 2 of the insulating part A is, for example, of mineral wool or porous plastic and the boards 2 attached thereto are preferably made of plywood. The sheath portion 9 is made of a suitable compound for a given purpose, suitable for forming. The lower surface of the panel is preferably of the same composition, but may also be of a different material. The upper and lower surfaces 5 and 6 are against or attached to the insulating portion, and the legs 11 of the lower surface are secured to the interior of the side surfaces 13, 13.

Giant. 1 to 4 are shown in approximately 1: 2 scale. Thus, the width of the panel is preferably approximately 250 to 300 mm and its height preferably 150 to 180 mm. It is clear that the dimensions of the components do not have a significant effect on their construction and function. The panel is preferably manufactured in lengths of approximately 3 to 4 m. The optimum production length is given by the experience and equipment of the factory. The panels may be elongated in the construction phase, e.g., so that the two successive panels are interconnected, preferably using a suitable intermediate piece. The intermediate piece is embedded in the opposite ends of the beam in devices ready for the purpose, e.g.

-11 selections formed in the insulating portion with which the intermediate piece comes into engagement when the beams are pressed against each other exactly. The intermediate piece may be metal, plastic, wood or any other suitable material. In order to maintain full insulation efficiency, the intermediate piece is precisely aligned to fill the space created therein.

The thickness of the shell part 9 as well as the bottom surface is of the order of 8 to 16 mm. The length of the self-adjusting means, i.e. the height of the overlap of the stacked parts, is approximately 20 mm. The height of the tapered upper section of the panel is slightly greater, i. 35 to 40 mm. Due to this height difference, a groove 16 is formed in the wall surface which has a decorative effect. It is clear that the dimensions mentioned herein do not have a significant effect on the structure and function of the member; they may vary depending on various factors.

The dimensions of the core 2 of the insulating part 2 depend on the use of the panel. Similarly, the thickness of the support plates 3 fully depends on the intended use.

Giant. 2 shows the stacking and self-positioning of the panels and their shape locking to one another.

Giant. 3 and 4 show horizontal cross-sections of the components according to FIG. 1 along planes III-III and IV-IV. The top and bottom surfaces 5 and 2 of the panel have elongated openings 15 in a row in the region of the cavities 14. The openings are elongated and their length is substantially greater than the distance between the openings. This ensures that a continuous air space is created regardless of the longitudinal position of the panels.

Giant. 5 is a perspective view of the component of FIGS. 1 to 4.

The embodiments of Figures 6 and 7 have side surfaces of different shapes. In Fig. 6, the interior side surface 17 is smooth and slightly downward and inclined externally. As a result of the inclination, the upper section of the panel is narrower than the lower section into which the upper section fits and both fit to each other in shape accuracy. The lower surface arm 18 is inclined inwardly.

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In Fig. 6, the central section of the exterior side surface 19 is profiled to form an indeterminate ornamental motif.

In Fig. 7, the exterior side surface is slightly curved below the overlap region. A groove 21 is formed in the overlap region. The interior side surface is vertical and the self-adjusting means is formed such that no groove is formed; the wall continues with a smooth surface formed by successive panels.

Giant. shows an embodiment of the invention wherein the side surfaces 23 and 24 of the panel are separate pieces and the upper and lower surfaces 25 and 26 of the panel are separated pieces. The side surfaces are preferably formed, the top and bottom surfaces being straight plates. The side surfaces are preferably slightly thicker than the top and bottom surfaces. The region of the upper edge of the side surfaces is inclined inwardly at point 27 and is vertical above the point 27 in the region 28. In the lower edge region 29, a widening effect is obtained by removing the strip from the interior of the surfaces. The top surface 25 is preferably fixed to both the insulating portion and the end surfaces of the side surfaces, and the bottom surface respectively to the insulating portion and the cut end surface 30 of the side surfaces. The top surface and the bottom surface have the same width. Thus, the tapered upper section of the panel fits precisely into the cut point of the lower edge region and the surfaces 25 and 26 adhere to each other. Due to the dimensions used, a groove 31 is formed below the overlap region.

The top and bottom surfaces 25, 26 may be of a material different from or coincident with the material of the side surfaces.

Giant. Figures 9 to 18 show components according to the invention wherein the insulating portion is covered with only the upper surface or only with the lower surface, or none.

The most preferred embodiments of the invention are those in which the insulating portion forms a sealed housing. This is the case in the embodiments of Figures 1 to 8. The plywood panel 3 is

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4 · 4 · 4 I ♦ ^r f f f f f ^{1 1} Fixed to the side surfaces 2 ^and θ of the insulating portion and the top surface and the corresponding bottom surface 5 and 6 of the building element abut against or are fastened to the top and bottom surfaces of the insulating portion. In place of the plywood board, there may be a foil or some other board if the core of the insulating part forms the support structure. The attachment of the surfaces to the insulating part is carried out in some known manner, e.g. by lamination.

The casing character of the insulating part increases its resistance and hence its strength. Its airtightness is similarly ensured, provided of course that the side surfaces are airtight.

However, the invention can be used so that the building component comprises only a lower surface or only an upper surface. Giant. Figures 9 to 11 show a building element without an upper surface and Figures 12 to 14 without a lower surface.

On the wall 22 / FIG. 10 formed from the components according to FIG. The fastening of the components to each other and their self-positioning is preferably achieved in such a way that the side surfaces 7 and 2 of the component and its lower surface 2 are formed as one piece whose corner regions 32 between the surfaces are reinforced. Receiving recesses 22 are provided in two corner regions for receiving the upper edges of the side surfaces of the bottom panel. The distance between the upper edges has been narrowed by creating a slight bend 12 inwards in the side surfaces from which the side surfaces continue vertically upward. The side surfaces 2 ^and θ thus overlap in the same way as, for example, in the embodiment of Fig. 2.

Giant. 11 shows a horizontal section through the plane XI-XI, which shows that the openings 15 in the lower surface 2 extend somewhat into the corner region 32.

Giant. 12 to 14 show a corresponding assembly, except that the component has only an upper surface but no lower surface. The side surfaces 2 ^and 2 are integral with the top

-14 ·. * *: Em em em em em 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 em 4 4 4 em em em em em 5 em em em 5 em The distance between the upper edges of the side surfaces 7 and 2 has again been shortened by forming in the side surfaces of a bend 12 inwardly, from which the side surfaces continue vertically upward. A reinforcement 34 with a triangular cross-section with a base at the bottom was formed at the lower edges of the side surfaces. At the base of the reinforcement 34 there is a small recess 35 at the bottom edge of the insulating portion. On one side of the recess 35, the side surface γ, θ continues. panels substantially to a point below the lower edge of the insulating portion. In the upper surface of the panel there is another small recess 37 for that portion 36 of the reinforcement 34 that is on the other side of the recess 35. When the panels are seated on top of each other, the upper surface 5 of the panel and the lower edges of the side walls with their reinforcements 34 will fit in shape. The insulating part 1 is completely enclosed between the upper surfaces 5 and the resistance of the structure is ensured by said positive locking.

Giant. 14 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the XIV-XIV plane showing that the apertures 15 engage the region between the recess 37 and the insulating portion.

Giant. 15 to 18 show an embodiment of a building component that has neither an upper nor a lower surface of the component. Instead, the side surface 7 of the panel is profiled in such a way that between the side surface 7 and the insulating part 2 there are two profiles 38 and 39 of cross-section L, the first of which is oriented upwards in the region of the upper edge of the side surface. in the lower edge area. In the region of the upper edge of the side surface 11 there is an inward bend 12 above which the side surface continues in a vertical direction. The lower edge of the side surface extends substantially to a point below the lower edge of the insulating portion.

The second side surface 43 of the panel is attached directly to the side surface of the insulating portion. It has the same height as the insulating part 2 but is slightly shifted downwards. Thus, the panel self-mates to the correct point on top of the previous panel and is locked in shape

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in this position due to the protruding side surfaces 11 and 43. The insulating parts abut one another directly.

The cross-sections in FIGS. 17 and 18 show that the apertures 15 are formed in the horizontal portions of the profiles 38 and 39. The side surface 7 here forms the exterior side surface and the side surface 8 the interior side surface. The side surface 2 may be, for example, a gypsum board or other similar board suitable for an interior wall. A side surface 11 having horizontal portions formed from profiles 38 and 39 with apertures 15 cannot be replaced by a side surface mounted directly on the insulating portion. In such a case, the ventilation provided by the interconnected air space would be absent and thus the wall structure would not function.

On the other hand, the side surface 2 which is fastened to the insulating portion can be replaced by a profile wall 2 < 38, 39. In this case, the air spaces of the interior wall can be used for running wiring and pipes concealed in the wall.

Giant. 19 to 21 show embodiments of components in which the self-adjusting means have been provided in another manner.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, neither the side surface 7 nor the side surface 2 has self-adjusting means. In the construction phase, openings 15 in the upper and lower surfaces can be utilized in such a way that an additional device whose largest cross-section corresponds to the smallest diameter of the opening is fitted into the openings which are on top of each other. In this way, it can be caused that the panels can be seated directly in the stacked position. The panels may be fastened to each other using adhesive and / or fasteners (not shown in the drawings) housed in the holes.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 20, one of the side surfaces has a self-adjusting means, e.g. in accordance with Fig. 1, while the self-adjusting means is missing on the other side surface 40. Using a one-sided self-adjusting means, a successful

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Placing the parts on top of each other can be achieved relatively easily. The fastening is performed in the same way as in the case of FIG. 19.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21, no side wall has self-adjusting means. Instead, a projection 41 and a corresponding recess 42 have been formed in the lower surface and in the upper surface of the panel 42. The automatic alignment is achieved by these means.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY It is clear that the construction and equipment of a component according to the invention can be varied widely within the scope of the appended claims according to the intended use.

It is also clear that the term low building must not be seen as a single house; the intended buildings may be any halls, industrial buildings, schools, hospitals, apartment buildings, etc.

The building element according to the invention can be used in many other areas due to its technical properties and variability.

Claims (24)

PATENT CLAIMS A self-supporting beam-like structural member (10) with a substantially vertical exterior side surface (7, 19, 23) and a substantially vertical interior side surface (8, 17, 24), with an insulating portion (1) therebetween, with a load bearing structure and with the parts connecting the insulating portion and said side surfaces, wherein the components are self-stackable to each other to form a load-bearing structure, characterized in that the insulating portion (1) is a load-bearing structure which accommodates vertical loads and has substantially the height of the building is so narrow that at least one side of the insulating portion between the insulating portion and one side surface, preferably the exterior side surface, is a cavity (14) and there are transverse portions (5, 6, 25, 26, 38, 39) in the cavity or cavities which are secured to the side surface and the opposite surface of the insulating portion. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (14) towards the exterior side surface (7) communicates with the environment through openings (15) in the transverse members. The building component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the interior side surface of the panel is made of an interior wall plate (43), eg gypsum board, fixed to that surface of the insulating portion (1) facing the interior side surface. . Component according to claim 1, characterized in that there are cavities (14) on both sides of the insulating part (1) and both cavities are connected to the surrounding parts (5, 6). 5. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes of the component direction. by means of apertures (15) in the transverse of any one of claims 2 to 4, (15) are elongated in longitudinal -18 · ♦ ě · »?????? · T t t>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Component according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the transverse members connecting the insulating part (1) and the side surfaces (7, 8) of the component are formed from an upper surface (5) of the component resting on the upper surface of the insulator. and / or the lower surface (6) of the building component resting on or attached to the lower surface of the insulating portion and connected to the upper and / or lower portions of the exterior side surface and the interior side surface. Component according to claim 6, characterized in that its lower surface (6) has a vertical U-shaped cross-section and its legs (11) are fixed to the interior of the exterior and interior side surfaces (7, 8). Component according to any one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the transverse members connecting the insulating part (1) and the side surface (7) of the component are made of a profile comprising at least two transverse arms which are one end connected to the side surface of the building component and at the other end connected to the side wall (3) of the insulating portion. Component according to claim 8, characterized in that the profile comprises two L-shaped flanges (38, 39) whose transverse arms are connected to the side surface (7) of the component and the vertical arms are connected to the side wall (3) of the insulating part . The component according to any one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper and lower surfaces (5, 6) of the component have mating self-aligning means (28, 29, 30) that align the components stacked on top of each other. due to the transverse orientation of the member. A building component according to claim 10, characterized in that the self-adjusting means are means which mate or overlap one another, one (28, 7, 7, 37, 42) of which is located in the upper surface of the building component. and -1944_ ·· 4 · 4 «y η 9« 9 '· | 4 | 4 ·· 4 ‘4 4 '4 ς- ·,» | 4 9 “44» ··) 444 9 · 4 · ~ · 4 · 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 second (29, 30, 7, 33, 35, 36, 41) at a corresponding point in the lower surface. A building component according to claim 10, characterized in that the self-adjusting means are formed either at one edge or at both edges of the exterior and interior side surfaces. A building component according to claim 10, characterized in that the self-adjusting means are in the upper surface and the lower surface of the insulating part and form matching inner and outer means (41, 42). Component according to claim 10, characterized in that the upper edges of the exterior and interior side surfaces (7, 8) are inwardly inclined (12) and their lower edges continue directly to a point below the lower surface (6) so that the upper section of the panel it fits precisely inwardly into the downwardly extending side walls of the upper panel. ...... ... A building component according to any one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the upper and lower surfaces are flat plates (25, 26) and the exterior and interior side surfaces are shaped plates (23, 24). A building component according to any one or more of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the upper surface (5) and the exterior and interior side surfaces (7, 8) are shaped as one piece (9). Component according to any one or more of claims 6 to 16, characterized in that the exterior side surface or the interior side surface or both have a profile different from the straight profile, preferably a curved profile (20) or an ornamental profile (19). A building component according to any one or more of claims 6 to 17, characterized in that its exterior and interior side surface and / or top surface and / or bottom -20 • · * - ·· · 9 9 -, · r 9 r »r < ^{r r r r r r r r} 9 * 9 9 9 povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch 99 povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch povrch mixtures or other similar mixtures. A building component according to claim 18, characterized in that a layer of a material, eg a paper layer, a metal layer, a melamine film or a plastic film, is laminated to the surface of the building component. A building component according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that a layer of some material, eg a metal layer, is laminated to the interior of the exterior and / or interior wall surface to increase the fire resistance. Component according to any one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the insulating part (1) is airtight. Component according to claim 21, characterized in that the insulating part (1) comprises an insulating core (2) of, for example polyurethane or mineral wool, and supporting plates (3), for example of plywood, are attached to the side surfaces of the core. . ---------------------- St Component according to claim 21, characterized in that the insulating core (2) of the insulating part (1) is of a carrier material, eg structural mineral wool, in which the fiber planes are vertical. A building or part of a building, characterized in that it is made of components according to any one or more of claims 1 to 23.