CZ151594A3 - Process for producing termostable mouldings from contaminated plastics - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention there is disclosed a process for preparing thermostable agglomerates for gasification of waste that consists of contaminated pasty-like, powdered, or lump waste materials. The proposed process is characterized in that 10 to 99 percent by weight of plastic agglomerate containing more than 10 percent of polyethylene are either directly, or after preliminary disintegration to particles smaller than 10 mm, plasticized by means of a friction heat and/or direct heat at 70 to 250 degC. During this process or after it 1 to 90 percent by weight of organic or inorganic waste are added either separately or in a mixture as admixtures, and the final mixture is then treated by agglomeration and compacting at a temperature of 30 degC or higher to a homogeneous and solid agglomerate that is thermostable up to 400 degC.

Description

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The present invention relates to the treatment and fabric evaluation of mixed and contaminated plastics.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Plastics are widely used in the home, business, crafts and industries. Especially when they are used as packaging material, the plastics are, after a short time, disposed of as dirty plastic packaging again as waste. Plastics are either mixed or contaminated in waste. Sorting into individual types can rarely be done with little expense. A large part of the plastics produced exists as a combined technical material with different types of plastics, rapier, textiles or metals and can therefore not be recycled.

A large proportion of plastic waste is now disposed of with household garbage or incinerated in a waste incineration plant. Since plastics are difficult to degrade biologically, they become deposited. Three deposition fires release uncontrolled pollutants (eg chlorine compounds, dioxins) in large quantities. Conversion of molded, compact plastics is possible in both waste incineration plants, pyrolysis plants and gasification plants. The advantages and disadvantages of these three waste disposal processes are well known. For optimum waste disposal is

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Necessary purposeful treatment and homogenization. Especially in fixed bed gasification, the shape stability of plastic moldings is crucial. Conversion in a waste incineration plant results in an increase in CO 2 emissions due to low efficiency, and is more likely to generate dioxin.

It is proposed in BE 40 29 330 that the plastics be liquefied at the elevated temperature by degrading the polymers and injected into the combustion chambers of the gasification reactors through nozzles. However, this method is applicable only to the same plastic waste which is not contaminated and not treated with composite materials. These limitations exclude large-scale applications.

The design of BE 40 23 999 seeks to recover metals from composite materials by separating non-metallic components by defined solvents under defined process conditions. This method is technically very expensive and required more process steps to obtain individual components that would be species-identical. If large-scale industrial use leads to economically and technically applicable products, then the question remains open.

According to the method proposed in BE 40 29 379, only part of the plastic waste is to be burned with oxygen and the other part is to be gasified or liquefied and then sprayed into the flue gas stream by means of a nozzle. This method is disadvantageous because more processes have to be used with very precisely defined parameters to obtain a useful synthesis gas.

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Other patents, for example BE 2507938, OE 3IH324, 12 3926996, describe methods that produce high cost replacement fuels with low strength, these substitute fuels are best suited for waste incineration plants. Applicable or only applicable to altered formulations which no longer permit manufacture conditional on formulation.

It has already been known that metal wastes are recovered by hydrogenation. A disadvantage of this process is that energy and cost intensive treatment is necessary for the hydrogenation process. The liquid hydrocarbon fraction produced must be treated very costly for further evaluation.

Methods for the recovery of contaminated and mixed plastic waste are not available today in sufficient capacity, so methods already described, for example, in BE 4107023, have been proposed for both limit and storage. This method has the drawback that plastic waste has to be separated very costly again, is more polluted than before, and a very large storage volume is required.

It is an object and object of the invention to be splashed

And · treated the polluted plastic waste with a small load and materially recovered. In these processes, a technically simple evaluation or decontamination of fine-grained and pasty residual substances and waste substances in combination should be carried out simultaneously.

It is an object and object of the present invention to provide a processing method which is a problem-free intermediate storage or an effective precursor for the recovery of mixed and contaminated plastic waste with simultaneous incorporation of abundant and pasty residuals and waste materials that exhibit high thermal stress. stability. Despite the thermal appreciation, i.e., combustion, pyrolysis and gasification, an optimum flow rate or large reaction area is achieved on the basis of impurities which allow the support framework to be formed. Intermediate storage or compacting of fine-grained and pasty substances such as rubber regenerator pulp, dried clarifying sludge and other fine dusts or lacquer coagulets is now possible only at high technical safety costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, this object is achieved by mixing the mixed, contaminated, thermoplastic plastic waste with a PS content of 10 directly and / or pre-comminuted, finely pulverizing by shearing to 10 mm and at the same time plasticizing by frictional heat in a temperature range of 70 to 250 °. C. Using a feed additive additive 1 to 90 on sv; NODC? 50> T, is achieved by the density / density> ^c »5 g / LLL / heat, dimensional stability up to> 400 ° C, such as are required for the thermal evaluation, preferably gasification fixed bed pyrolysis. Ingredients such as inorganic and / or organic residual or pasty substances are pasty, powder-like, fibrous or lump-like consistency such as lacquer coagulates, dusts, dried finings sludge, wood and dried coal. According to the proposed solution, the production of thermostable moldings is carried out by means of well-known machines or aggregates which are prepared for the specific feed materials. Depending on the choice of machines and aggregates, the moldings are produced in one or two stages, for example by using extruders the necessary processing steps such as introduction of additives, grinding, plasticization and shaping are carried out in one processing step. presses production of moldings is carried out in two stages, namely in the degree of agglomeration and excellent. τ ni kcmpaktovéní.

The solution according to the invention has several peculiarities in the two-stage variant compared to the solution described above. Density and grain size of the agglomerate and the values necessary for further processing (density = 0.3 to 0.3 g / en, grain size 1 to 50 mm) are adjusted by means of metered addition of additives. The mechanical processing then only achieves the optimum ability to compact plastic waste.

In the second processing stage, compacting by means of presses, it is possible to introduce further comminuted and / or fine-grained and / or pasty homogeneously mixed ingredients, preferably those having such good briquetting properties as for example dry coal or dry clarifying sludge. The total mixture of substances is processed at temperatures above 30 ° C to compacts with high thermal stability.

The method allows the production of defined moldings for trouble-free intermediate storage as well as for efficient recovery, in particular by fixed bed gasification or pyrolysis.

the main advantage of the solution is that there is no need for prior sorting and cleaning of plastic waste and that contamination such as paper, aluminum and organic substances does not interfere with treatment and recovery.

Another advantage is that the binding of components / wastes containing pollutants is free of danger.

Further advantages of the proposed solution are that no pre-comminution is required or only a simple pre-comminution is required, that the plastic waste is not completely melted and consequently only a small amount of energy is required and that the comminution is heat. and waste products are carried out in another process. At the same time, in combination with the binding of more residual and waste materials to the solid unit, compared to the special addition of more individual substances to fixed bed gasification or pyrolysis, it is achieved by avoiding segregation in the bedding and process disturbances.

According to the method proposed, plastic wastes can be converted by simply treating and chemically converting these materials in a fixed bed pressure gasification process into utility gas and liquid hydrocarbons. The organic impurities are allowed to react to the utility gas, and the inorganic impurities are bound to the resulting slag inelorably.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The proposed method is further explained by means of two exemplary embodiments.

Iříklaú 1

In the domestic and artisan waste treatment plant, 4 t of mixed plastic waste is obtained every hour. Before pre-comminution, the film fraction in the batch is adjusted by pre-dusting with a stream of air to £ 0 s. In a suitable crushing plant, this amount is pre-comminuted to a particle size of £ 0 cm. -‘- This product is fed through into the legal system into the extruder. 1.5 t / h per ml of water content of dried fine-grained clarifying sludge and 0.5 t of lay coagulate are added to this product.

The mixed product produced, at a total amount of 6.0 t / h, is converted into an agglomerated shape to a density of 0.9 g / cm @ 2 by shearing forces and friction at temperatures of 200 to 250 DEG C. The yield from the extruder is thermostable. 70 mm The moldings produced are interim stored, transported without problems and fed to a fixed bed gasifier mixed with coal for recovery.

Example 2

In the domestic and industrial waste treatment plant, 5 t of mixed plastic waste is obtained every hour. Before the pre-comminution, the proportion of the foils in the batch is adjusted to 50% by means of a pre-dusting device. In a suitable crushing plant, this batch is pre-crushed to a grain size of 4 20 cm. This product is introduced through a conveyor system into agglomerators such as a Poliolux PO 200 agglomerator. In addition, 1.0 t / h of fine-grained clarifying sludge dried to a water content of 10 7 "

The mixed product produced at a total amount of 6.0 t / h is adjusted at temperatures by means of shear and friction. 90 to 95 ° C in agglomerated form to a density of 0.45 g / cm 2. Before being discharged from the agglomerator, a hot plastic mass is sprayed with 0.3 L of water for 10 kg. In the next stage of the process, the pellet can be fed to the agglomerate 6 t of dry unions and a defined shape of 70 x 70 x 70 mm is produced in a die press or extruder. The produced compact masses are interim stored, transported without problems and allowed to react in a fixed bed gasifier for evaluation.

Claims (5)

..CLY 1. A method of producing thermostable moldings of ..... contaminated plastics by means of thermally and / or thermally mechanically produced, plastic agglomerates or mechanically produced plastic cuttings, hereinafter referred to as agglomerates, for final thermal recovery, characterized in that a proportion of 10 to 99 d of the agglomerate consisting of an IE fraction An IC which is directly or pre-comminuted, preferably to a Z of 10 mm, is plasticized by friction heat and / or direct heat input in the temperature range of 70 to 250 ° C and 1 to 90% of organic is added during or after this process. or inorganic additives and by known techniques, is processed at a temperature of > 50 ° C to a homogeneous, solid and up to 400 ° C thermally stable compact. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the homogeneous agglomerate has a grain size of 1 to 60 mm and a density of 0.3 to 0.8 g / cm 2. Method according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the comminuted and / or finely grained and / or pasty residual and waste substances fed to the thermoplastic plastics involved in the agglomeration process and / or in the compacting process are preferably added in total. of 20 to 50 --LC Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a molding is produced in the thermo-mechanical treatment of the multi-substance mixture. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pasty, powdered, fibrous or lumpy ingredients are prepared by known methods by pre-grinding to 40 mra and are homogeneously mixed with a plastic agglomerate produced in a separate process and then further processed. compacted at> 30 ° G. t