CZ14563U1 - Piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in particular a direct injection engine. The solution falls within the area of intermittent and internal combustion interrupted fuel piston engines, which are characterized by a separate supply of air and fuel to the cylinder.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The existing four-stroke engine works on the principle of intake, compression, working cycle and exhaust. The existing two-stroke engine works on the principle of working cycle and compression.

Conventional piston internal combustion engines are formed by one or more cylinders in which the piston slides, with a combustion chamber being formed between the piston and the cylinder. At least one intake and at least one exhaust valve flows into the combustion chamber of the individual cylinders via a respective valve, and each cylinder is provided with a spark ignition device, e.g.

In the individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine there is a working cycle consisting of suction and commissioning of the combustion mixture, its ignition and combustion during the explosion cycle and the consequent exhaust of combustion products. Only during the explosion cycle is the driving energy generated, only this cycle is working. This energy is transmitted via the crankshaft and the connecting rods to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and is transmitted to the other cylinders of the internal combustion engine to generate non-working cycles in these cylinders. The transfer of energy from the working cycle of one cylinder to the non-working cycles of the other cylinders via the crankshaft then requires a relatively large amount of production and bearing of the crankshaft with respect to the balancing of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine comprising a relatively large number of parts. These internal combustion engines are then quite demanding for their balancing.

The essence of the technical solution

The piston internal combustion engine according to the invention has a piston with piston rings in each working cylinder and the piston is connected to the crankshaft by means of a connecting rod.

The principle of the invention consists in that the engine having lateral filling of the working cylinders with an overpressure of 0.6 to 1 MPa and the automatic flushing of the working cylinders consists of at least one working cylinder, into which the intake duct and the exhaust duct open. The mouth of both channels is situated above the upper edge of the piston when the piston is at the bottom dead center. The suction channel is closed by the suction spool and the exhaust channel is closed by the exhaust spool and each spool is rigidly connected to the cam by a connecting rod. The cams are located on the crankshaft.

Piston and valve lubrication is provided by the oil sump oil sump and oil vapor.

The sliders may be flat or cylindrical.

The piston internal combustion engine is suitable for direct injection engines, both Otto and Diesel engines.

The engine head according to the invention is simpler to manufacture since, in contrast to the known solutions, according to the proposed solution, the entire timing mechanism is eliminated, the intake ducts and exhaust ducts are also eliminated.

Valve solutions that are eccentric, i.e. by cams connected to the crankshaft, are more advantageous. Springs according to the invention are not used, the disadvantage of which is that they cause delays by their function.

- 1 CZ 14563 Ul

The solution according to the invention is also simpler to manufacture, since the oil lubrication ducts, which lubricate the timing mechanism in known motor systems, are eliminated.

Another advantage of the piston internal combustion engine according to the invention is that it does not comprise an external timing mechanism (timing gears, timing belt or king shaft), which makes the solution economically more advantageous and guarantees noise reduction.

The efficiency of this reciprocating internal combustion engine will increase to at least 50% of the currently achieved 23-25% efficiency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An exemplary embodiment of the proposed solution is described with reference to the drawings, in which Fig. 1 also shows the diesel engine piston at the bottom dead center - a front view and a detail view of the cam positions on the crankshaft.

Fig. 2 shows the petrol engine piston at the bottom dead center - elevation and side view with details of the cam positions on the crankshaft.

Fig. 3 shows the diesel engine piston at top dead center - front view and side view detail of cam positions.

Fig. 4 shows the piston of the gasoline engine at the top dead center - a front view and a detail view of the cam positions.

Examples of technical solution

Example 1

According to the invention, a four-cylinder diesel engine has been produced, in which each working cylinder 2 is a piston 5 with piston rings 7. The working cylinder 2 is closed at the top by a head 1 in which there is an injection nozzle. The lateral filling of the working cylinder 2 of the engine is ensured by the intake duct 6 and the irrigation of the working cylinder 2 is ensured by the exhaust duct 4.

Both channels 4, 6 open into the working cylinder 2 in its lower part.

A piston pin 3 is attached to the piston 5 of the working cylinder 2 by one end of the connecting rod 8. The other end connects the connecting rod 8 to the center of the crankshaft 9.

Closing and opening of the engine intake duct 4 is provided by the intake spool 11 and the closure and opening of the exhaust duct 6 is provided by the exhaust spool 12. The intake spool 11 is rigidly connected to the connecting rod 11 with a cam 10 which is mounted at one end of the crankshaft 9. the connecting rod 15 is rigidly connected to a cam 10 which is mounted at the other end of the crankshaft 9.

The crankshaft 9 is in the oil sump, the movement of the crankshaft 9 causes the oil to splash and subsequently to lubricate the piston 5 and the sliders 11, 12 with oil and the resulting oil vapors. The crankshaft bearings 9 and the engine connecting rod bearings are lubricated by a pressure oil pump driven by the crankshaft 9.

The engine works with overpressure 0.6 to 1 MPa, the overpressure environment in the engine is provided by the compressor.

Example 2

The six-cylinder gasoline engine was made similar to Example 1 except that there was a spark plug in both the head and the engine.

Fuel is supplied to the gasoline engine through a nozzle 13 located in the intake passage 6.

The working cycle (compression) of the engines made according to the invention is always when the piston 5 moves downwards. The solution is applicable to any arrangement of the working rollers 2, i. as with a single cylinder, with more

-2GB 14563 U1 of the work rollers 2, which are arranged in a row, star, fan or V arrangement.

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Claims (3)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS A piston internal combustion engine having a piston (5) with piston pistons in each working cylinder (2) 5 rings (7), wherein the piston (5) is connected by a connecting rod (8) with a camshaft (9), characterized in that it has lateral filling of the working cylinders (2) with an overpressure of 0.6 to 1 MPa and 2) and consists of at least one work cylinder (2), into the lower part of which the intake duct (6) and the exhaust duct (4) open, the mouth of the ducts (4, 6) being situated above the upper edge of the piston (5) ) when the piston (5) is at the bottom dead center and the suction channel (6) has a cap, 10, which is formed by an intake valve (11) and the exhaust channel (4) has a closure which is formed by an exhaust valve (12) and each valve (11, 12) is fixedly connected to the cam (10) by means of a connecting rod (14, 15); the cams (10) are located on the crankshaft (9) and the lubrication of the pistons (5) and the sliders (11, 12) is by spraying the crankshaft (9) from the oil sump and oil vapor. Piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliders (11, 11, 11, 12, 11). 15 12) are flat. Piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliders (11, 12) have a cylindrical shape.