CZ101292A3 - Apparatus for separating substances from a solution by migration of ions - Google Patents

Abstract

This device is created based on the vessel (1), in the internal space of which are minimum two electrodes (2) located, and between them, there are built ionic selective and waterproof membranes (3). In the vessel, there are located two couples of membranes (3) at least, with an opposite ionic affinity and each of them is creating one work unit (4) which consists of the middle separating space (41) and the marginal scavenging spaces (42), where the separating spaces (41) closed to the separation units (4) are connected with the connecting channels (5) in series. In the scavenging spaces (42) closed to one work unit (4), at least, there are located the sets related to the porous transversals (6)

Description

The invention relates to an apparatus for separating substances from solution, namely ionically dissociable organic substances, for example for the desalination of sea water.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Membrane electrodialisers of various designs are used for separation of ionically dissociable substances from solution, whose efficiency depends on the quality and precision of production of very thin membranes, guaranteeing their very low ohmic resistance. A disadvantage of these devices is that the very narrow space between the membranes makes it difficult to distribute the working solution over their entire area, thereby reducing the efficiency of the dissociation process and increasing losses by internal heating. Another disadvantage is the possibility of monitoring the degree of separation of substances only outside the plant. The working area of effective use of electro-dialysers is at higher concentrations of substances in solution, at concentrations lower than 5g / liter they are used only rarely due to their low efficiency.

For solutions with a low concentration of dissociable substances not exceeding 0.5g / liter, reverse osmosis devices are used. The disadvantages of these devices are, on the one hand, the need for an additional device for generating the pressure in the scrubbing solution required for the operation of the reverse process, and, on the other hand, a large amount of waste water per unit of treated solution, e.g.

Also known is a device for the free electromigration separation of substances in solution, the basic unit of which is. consists of a container made of electrically nonconductive material and provided with a number of outlets. Two electrodes are fixed along opposite walls of the vessel, between which a set of electrically nonconductive is placed; porous baffles, between which ion-selective membranes are incorporated watertightly and symmetrically to the electrodes. ? RE-of-a-to-the-apparatus required-in-relative ^- marlých ^- ro ^ RiěTecdn ^ átkladní '' units attained in ion disocicvatelných substances in areas with a content of water solubles of less than ICOmg / liter higher effects than membrane electrodialysers, not suitable for use in the separation of substances over a range of concentrations, even at low concentrations of soluble substances, the separation is highly controversial, as the bulkheads in the central part of the base unit slow down its process. For a high concentration of substances, the device is not suitable because the baffles create resistance to the migration of ions, thus greatly increasing the power consumption.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These disadvantages are largely eliminated by the invention, which is a device for the electromigration separation of substances from a solution, consisting of a vessel inside which at least two electrodes are placed, between which ion-selective membranes are waterproof. It is an object of the invention that at least two pairs of opposing ionic affinity membranes are located in the vessel, each forming a single processing unit, which consists of a central separation space and extreme flushing spaces, wherein the separation spaces of the individual processing units are connected in series by interconnecting channels.

Preferably, sets of porous baffles are located in the flushing spaces of the at least one working unit.

The device according to the invention can be adaptably applied for the separation of different kinds of solutions with low to high concentration of dissociable ions, while being relatively simple in construction, easy to use and can be easily supplemented by an automation for monitoring and controlling the separation process. The resulting desired concentration of substances is then achieved without the need to re-circulate the working solution in the device.

Overview of the drawings

Examples of embodiments are schematically shown in the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a device for separating a high inlet concentration solution consisting of two working units; 3 is an alternative embodiment of a four-unit device for solutions with a high inlet concentration of dissociable substances.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The device according to FIG. 1 is formed by a container, preferably in the form of a cuboid, made of an electrically nonconductive material, within which three electrodes 2 are arranged, the current and voltage values interposed therebetween. they are different. A pair of ion-selective membranes 3 of opposite ionic affinity are watertightly incorporated between the electrodes 2, each pair forming a single processing unit 4 consisting of a central separation space 41 and extreme flushing spaces 42. The individual separation spaces 41 are connected in series by internal interconnecting channels 5 and also by flushing spaces 42 may be connectable-en-y · -kanálovým system not shown. · 'in ^- O' working unit 4 are then flushing spaces 42 for the efficient separation of the solution into very low concentrations of the location of a porous přepáželt 6th

The device according to FIG. 2 for the separation of a solution with a low inlet concentration of dissociable substances consists of four working units 4, which are connected in series by interconnecting channels 5. In the flushing spaces 42 of all four working units 4

The third and fourth working unit 4.

In an alternative embodiment of the device of FIG.

The feed solution is transferred via interconnecting channels 11 to other working units 4, in which the degree of separation is evaluated by means of control and regulating sensors (not shown) and subsequently the set current and voltage values on the electrodes 2, resp. the flow rate of the working solution through the vessel. The cleaned solution is removed regularly for use and the flushing areas are washed with waste water.

The described embodiments are not the only possible solutions according to the invention, but a number of connected working units 4

depending on the required volume of the separation process, the degree of concentration of the dissociated substances in the solution and the desired efficiency of the device.

Industrial applicability

production of high purity deionized water.

Claims (2)

1. Apparatus for the electromigration separation of substances from a solution, comprising a vessel, inside which at least two electrodes are placed, between which ion-selective membranes are waterproof, characterized in that at least two pairs of membranes (2) are disposed in the vessel (1). opposite ionic affinities, each constituting one working unit (4), which consists of a central separation space (41) and extreme flushing spaces (42), wherein the separation spaces (41) of the working units (4) are connected in series by means of ., through the discharge channels (5). 2. Equipment for the electromigration separation of substances from solution according to ´ 1, characterized in that sets of porous partitions (6) are arranged in the flushing spaces (42) of the at least one working unit (4),