CS269230B1 - Modifying agent based on high-condensed naphthalenesulfonate for silicates and other ceramic raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution represents a formulation of a modifying additive based on higher condensed naphthalenesulfonate for silicates and other ceramic raw materials. According to the solution, the additive is formed of 30 to 50 parts by weight of higher condensed sodium salts of naphthalenesulfonic acid with formaldehyde and esterified with metalol end groups of the condensate with lower alcohols and a number of 1 to 4 carbons in the molecule and with the most preferred number of aromatic nuclei of 5 to 8 in the distribution curve and 0.1 to 3.0 parts by weight of sodium salts of sulfated butyl ester of fatty acids with a number of 14 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule. The modifying additive may further contain 0.5 to 10.0 parts by weight of an oxethylated fatty alcohol with a carbon chain length of 13 to 15 and 15 to 25 ethylene oxide units in the molecule and 0.5 to 10.0 parts by weight of heavy fractions after distillation of 2-ethyl-hexanol characterized by a hydroxyl number of 380 to 430 mg KOH/g, the remainder up to 100 parts by weight being water.

Description

The subject of the invention is the formulation of a modifying additive based on the above condensed naphthalene sulfonate for silicates and other ceramic raw materials.

The demands placed on concrete technology, especially in terms of saving labor, energy and materials, while simultaneously increasing the quality of final production, cannot be solved without radical changes in the approach to the entire issue of the technology of production of concrete parts and structures. The limitation of the possibility of increasing the quality of incoming raw materials, such as washed river sand and mined aggregates, high-strength Portland cements, and the excessive amount of reinforcing steel leads designers and technologists to use other options for increasing the parameters of building parts and structures.

Practical results achieved in the last two decades with plasticizing additives for concrete, mortars and ceramic mixtures do not indicate that this type of rationalization measure requires very little investment and that favorable technical and economic benefits can be achieved in relation to the costs incurred.

The additives used so far to improve the rheological properties of mortars, concrete and ceramic mixtures are mostly high-molecular substances of natural or synthetic nature.

In the group of natural high-molecular substances, these are more or less chemically pure lignin sulfonates of alkali metals and earths. Their use is most widespread in the production of concrete elements and structures that harden at normal temperature. The reason is the fluctuating content of secondary undesirable substances that adversely affect the properties of the mixtures. A number of solutions and methods have been proposed to eliminate these undesirable properties, but it has not yet been possible to prepare an ideal and, above all, standard quality of a modifying, plasticizing and anti-aeration preparation based on this chemical basis.

Standard properties are mainly exhibited by synthetic modifying plasticizing additives, which can be divided into two basic groups in terms of the raw materials used. Their use can achieve extraordinary fluidity of cement mixtures and mixtures of ceramic raw materials, enormous increases in strength, maximum savings of mixing water and cement depending on the desired effect and the relevant technology.

The first group consists of higher and high molecular weight condensates of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds such as melamine, imidazolidone, pyrimidione or linear ones such as urea, dicyandiamide with formaldehyde. Often these condensates are modified by sulfation and sulfitation to improve application properties and solubility. The advantage of additives of this type, in addition to standard properties, is the universality of use for all technologies. Another main area of application of this type of additives is the area of modified mortars with anhydrite binder for self-leveling floor leveling layers.

The second type of synthetic additives are condensates of phenol formaldehyde, cresol formaldehyde and their sulfonates, Schiffer's acid, or their sodium salts. This group also includes the most effective additive to date based on sodium beta-naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde of the general formula:

CS 269230 B1 where n is a natural number from 4 to 7, R is alkyl with a chain length of C1 to C4.

A detailed study has shown that optimal properties are achieved at a condensation degree of 5 to 8, increasing the number of condensed nuclei above 10 has no practical significance. Preparations of this type exhibit excellent dispersing properties of cement, mineral pigments and raw materials, significantly disintegrate the cluster of their grains, therefore they exhibit extremely low contents of mixing water, exhibit a relatively low air content in the mixture, do not exhibit a retarding effect during the hardening of concrete, do not exhibit corrosive effects on reinforcement. They are exceptionally stable in alkaline environments and during steaming and autoclaving, and can achieve compressive strengths of more than 100 MPa.

The advantageous fluidizing properties of these substances are further used in the preparation of ceramic raw materials based on stealites, corundum, clays and others for the preparation of basic molding material in spray dryers, where by maintaining the necessary fluidity with a minimum of mixing water, the capacity of the equipment is increased, more uniform granulation, high granule strength and their high bulk density are achieved.

We have discovered that by esterifying the terminal methylol groups of the aromatic nuclei of the condensate with lower alcohols and a number of carbons of 1 to 4 in the molecule, excellent properties can be achieved in the above-mentioned methods of use. The modifying additive based on higher condensed naphthalenesulfonate for silicates and other ceramic raw materials is formulated in such a way that its active ingredient consists of 30 to 50 parts by weight of higher condensed sodium salts of naphthalenesulfonic acid with formaldehyde and esterified with methylol terminal groups of the condensate with lower alcohols with a number of 1 to 4 carbons in the molecule and with the most preferred number of aromatic nuclei of 5 to 8 in the distribution curve and 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of sodium salts of sulfated butyl ester of fatty acids with a number of 14 to 20 carbons in the molecule. Furthermore, the modifying additive may contain 0.5 to 10.0 parts by weight of an oxyethylated fatty alcohol with a carbon chain length of 13 to 15 and 15 to 25 ethylene oxide units in the molecule and 0.5 to 10.0 parts by weight of heavy fractions after distillation of 2-ethylhexanol characterized by a hydroxyl number of 380 to 430 mg KOH/g, the remainder up to 100 parts by weight being water.

To further clarify the essence of the invention, without any limitation in the given scope, examples of possible embodiments of the preparation of modifying additives based on the above-condensed naphthalene sulfonate for silicates and other ceramic raw materials are given.

Example 1

From the neutralization tank, 6,500 kg of a 42% solution of the above-condensed sodium naphthalenesulfonate with formaldehyde is pumped into a reactor with a capacity of 8,000 l, equipped with a stirrer, where the terminal methylol groups of the condensate with the most preferred number of aromatic nuclei 5 to 8 are esterified with methanol. 65 kg of a 36% solution of the sodium salt of sulfated butyl oleic acid ester are added with constant stirring and the pH of the product is adjusted with NaOH to the desired shipping value of 7.5 to 9.

Example 2.

From the neutralization tank, 6,500 kg of a 42% solution of the above-condensed sodium naphthalenesulfonate with formaldehyde is pumped into a reactor with a capacity of 8,000 l, equipped with a stirrer, where the terminal methylol groups of the condensate with the most preferred number of aromatic nuclei 5 to 8 are esterified with ethyl alcohol. With constant stirring, 65 kg of a 36% solution of the sodium salt of sulfated butyl oleic acid ester is added and the pH of the product is adjusted with NaOH to the required shipping value of 7.5 to 9.

Example 3.

From the neutralization tank, 6,500 kg of a 42% solution of the above-condensed sodium naphthalene sulfonate with formaldehyde is pumped into a reactor with a volume of 8,000 l, equipped with a stirrer,

CS 269230 Bl where the terminal methylol groups of the condensate with the most preferred number of aromatic nuclei 5 to S are esterified with methyl alcohol. 80 kg of sulfated butyl erucic acid ester are added with constant stirring and the pH of the product is adjusted with NaOH to the desired shipping value of 7.5 to 9.

Example 4

From the neutralization tank, 6,500 kg of a 42% solution of the above-condensed sodium naphthalene sulfonate with formaldehyde is pumped into a reactor with a capacity of 8,000 l, equipped with a stirrer, where the terminal methylol groups of the condensate with the most preferred number of aromatic nuclei are esterified with methanol. 65 kg of a 36% solution of the sodium salt of sulfated butyl oleic acid ester are added with constant stirring. In a secondary reactor with a capacity of 500 l, equipped with a stirrer with heating, 200 kg of oxethylated fatty alcohol and 13 to 15 carbon atoms in the molecule and 15 to 25 ethylene oxide cells are melted and mixed with 200 kg of heavy fractions after distillation of 2-ethylhexanol characterized by a hydroxyl number of 380 to 430 mg KOH/g. After heating to 60 _{to 80} o _{c and stirring} ; _For a clear solution, 400 kg is pumped into an 8,000 l reactor and mixed thoroughly. The pH of the mixture is then adjusted with NaOH to the desired shipping value of 7.5 to 9.0.

Claims (1)

A modifying additive based on higher condensed naphthalene sulfonate for silicates and other ceramic raw materials, characterized in that its active ingredient is formed by 30 to 50 parts by weight of higher condensed sodium salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid with formaldehyde and etherified methylol end groups of the condensate with lower alcohols with a number of 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the molecule, with the most preferred number of aromatic nuclei of 5 to 8 in the distribution curve, 0.5 to 3.0 parts by weight of sodium salts of sulfated butyl ester of fatty acids with a number of 14 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule, or 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of oxethylated fatty alcohol with a carbon chain length of ^{up to C} )5 and 15 to 25 ethylene oxide units in the molecule, and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of heavy fractions after distillation of 2-ethylhexanol characterized by with a hydroxyl number of 380 to 430 mg KOH/g, the remainder up to 100 parts by weight is water.