CS267531B1 - Oil for lubrication of very stressed and thermally very loaded two-stroke spark-ignition engines - Google Patents

Abstract

Oil for the lubrication of ramparts , and heat-loaded two-stroke gasoline engines, whose base oil it consists of either just an oil raffinate or a mixture and aynthetic oil containing the same balanced shredding of refining ingredients composed of dialkyldithiophosphate-type antioxidants zinc and ashless antioxidants 3 with greater thermal stability, from low to high medium basic detergent-diaperant, ashless dtsperant, an inhibitor rusting, depressant, antifoam additives and possibly

Description

The invention relates to an oil for lubricating highly stressed and thermally heavily loaded two-stroke spark ignition engines with a conventional lubrication method.

Oils prepared from base oils, which form a small, light and easily tolerable carbonation residue and have a higher viscosity index, and from refining additives, are used to lubricate two-stroke spark ignition engines with conventional lubrication (ie blends and oils). Calcium or magnesium detergents-dispersants with proportional total alkalinity (TBN) and ashless dispersants are used as finishing additives, so that too much ash is not formed in the engine after oil combustion, antioxidants of the main ashless type or even dialkyldithiophosphates zincated in limited amounts so that the oil does not contain oil. a large amount of phosphorus, which contributes to the formation of conductive bridges on the electrodes of the spark plugs, as well as corrosion inhibitors, anti-abrasion additives, anti-foaming additives and additives reducing the freezing point of the oil. The viscosities of the used oils for two-stroke petrol engines fall into viscosity classes SAE 30 to 40. Depending on the type and quality of the base oil as well as the content and composition of refiners, the oils have different power levels, characterized by the main size of deposits on functional engine parts and spark plug condition. To evaluate the performance levels of these oils, the international performance classification APX / CEC was developed and introduced, classifying oils into three performance classes TSC-1 to TSC-3 according to test results on model engines, but also used methods developed by some manufacturers of two-stroke petrol engines. the most well-known is the method of the Japanese company Yamaha, suitable mainly for the evaluation of oils intended for lubrication of the most powerful and thermally most demanding engines with a high number of revolutions (over 7000 min

For lubrication of such extremely stressed engines, oils exceeding the performance level of the TSC-3 class are used today, mainly synthetic oils, especially oils made on the basis of esters of higher monocarboxylic acids and alcohols and containing effective refining additives.

We have found that a suitable oil for lubrication of such engines can be prepared on the basis of the petroleum raffinate itself, resp. regenerate or Mixtures thereof with a synthetic oil of the ester or polyolefin type, if it is provided with a sufficient content and suitable composition of effective refining additives.

It is also possible to use oil in prediluted form composed of 75 to 90% by weight, oil and 10 to 25% by weight, light hydrocarbon components with boiling points ranging from 30 to 360 ° C, such as petrol, refined gas oil, but also aromatics. such as toluene, xylenes and the like.

. The subject of the invention is an oil composition for the lubrication of very powerful and thermally highly loaded two-stroke spark ignition engines, characterized in that its base oil in the content of 79.19 to 90.7499 wt. corresponding to a viscosity class of SAE 30 to 40 or a mixture of petroleum raffinate, resp. regenerate with a synthetic oil of the ester oil type, both polyolefin, and that it contains 9.2501 to 20.81 wt. As an antioxidant additive, a mixture of min. 0.1% w dialkyiditiofosfátú zinc / ZnDDF / comprising ZnDDF As long alkyl to C _iQ has a high thermal stability as well as short ZnDDF C l to C has a better anti-wear ability with 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, ashless antioxidants such as bisphenol and aromatic amine 3 with greater thermal stability. It has been found that up to a content of dialkyl diol thiophosphates corresponding to a phosphorus content in the oil of up to 0.07% by weight, such a mixture of refining additives does not cause problems with the formation of conductive bridges on spark plug electrodes even at high temperatures on engine sand. A mixture of 5.0 to 10% by weight, an ashless dispersant of the succinimide type or a Mannich product with 3.0 to 6.0% by weight is used as the detergent dispersant. low to medium basic alkylaryl sulfonate or alkylphenolate or calcium or magnesium alkylate with a TBN of at most 160 mg KOI / g or mixtures thereof. As a corrosion inhibitor can be.

0.05 to 0.5% by weight of a low molecular weight succinimide or a low-base calcium or barium alkylarysulfonate or an N-acyl derivative of sarcosine is used. To reduce the freezing point, 0.1 to 1.0 wt. Of a polymethacrylate-type depressant, 0.0001 to 0.01 wt.% Of a polys 1loxane-type antifoam additive is used for suppressive foaming. In the case of ZnDDF content with short alkyls, the oil does not have to contain a special anti-hole additive.

Otherwise, it may contain 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of anti-abrasion and lubricating additives consisting of a compound containing active sulfur or a fatty acid ester of a higher alcohol.

Example 1

An oil was prepared which had the following composition (by weight):

High pressure hydrogenate with viscosity

10.8 mm ² / s at 100 ° C and VI 9270.0

Ragenerate of used oils with a viscosity of 12.85 mm ² / s at 100 ° C and with VI 8615.45

Monosuccinimide (Olou 1200) 7.5

Calcium alkylaryl sulfonate with TBN mg KOH / g (Oloa 246B) 4.0

Amine type antioxidant (Permanax HD) .0.7

Bisphenol type antioxidant (Oloa 44O2E) 1.0

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate with alkyls and C ₈ (Multadit OB) .0.4

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate with alkyls

C ₈ (Oloa 329A) 0.35

Succinimide type rust inhibitor (OGA IO67A) 0.1

Polymethacrylate type depressant (Empicryl PT 142) 0.5

The prepared oil had the following viscosities (mm ² / s at 100 ^° C) Viscosity index Freezing point, ° C Flash point, ° C Carbonation residue, wt. Sulphated ash,% wt.

main Quality parameters

13.88

232

0.47

0.336

In engine tests in comparison with renowned foreign oils, the following results were obtained with this oil:

Engine test results on ČZ 125 engine (20 h, full load, 7000 rpm) (point rating - measure rating)

Evaluated part

Test oil

Synthetic standard oil

For baking 1. piston ring 10.0 10.0 Baking 2. piston ring 10.0 10.0 Usady on piston crown 7.4 6.3 Everywhere in piston grooves 9.5 9.4 Everywhere in piston groove areas 6.9 9.4 Usady on plunger piston 9.3 9.7 Usady on bottom of the piston 10.0 10.0 Everywhere on inserted cylinder 8.7 7.8

3.

CS 267531 Bl

Exhaust duct cutouts in the spark plug condition 9.6 7.1 10.0 8.0 Overall score 88.5 90.6 (100 points with maximum) During the Yamaha engine test these have been achieved results (scoring) -merit rating) Evaluated part Tried Standard oil oil class TSC-3 Varnishes on the piston pressure part 9.5 8.0 - Varnishes on the lightened part of the piston 9.0 6.5 Diameter 9.2 7.2 Deposits in the area of the piston rings 6.4 2.1 Deposits at the bottom of the piston 4.3 1.0 Baking of the 1st piston ring 10.0 10.0 Sealing of the 2nd piston ring 9.0 6.8 Deposits on the crown of the piston 7.5 7.5 Settlements on the cylinder head 8.0 7.6 Exhaust duct blockage 9.3 9.7 A pin on the pressure part of the piston 10.0 10.0 A pin on the lightened part of the piston 10.0 10.0

Example 2

Oils with the same additive content as in Example 1 were prepared, but the base oil was always only one petroleum raffinate or regenerate of used oils, namely: high-pressure hydrogenate with a viscosity of 10.8 mm / s at 100 ° C and VI 92 _t selection raffinate 3 with a viscosity of 11.7 mm ^ / s at 100 ° C and VI 85 ^{and a} regenerate of used oils and a viscosity of 12.85 mm ^ / s at 100 ° C and VI 86.

In all cases, the results of the engine tests were satisfactory and similar to Example 1. From this it is clear that the content and composition of refining additives constitute a sufficient margin to overcome minor quality differences between the different types of base oils and that a suitable oil can be prepared from any mixture of these types. petroleum base oils, if they are sufficiently refined, ie if they have viscosity indices of at least 80.

Example 3

An oil was prepared which had the following composition (in £ mass):

High pressure hydrogenate with a viscosity of 10.8 mm ² / s at 100 ° G and with VI 92 Synthetic ester oil (pentaerythritol type) with a viscosity . 70.0 8.75 mm ² / s at 100 ° C and VI 98 16.3 MonosukeinimId (Oloa 1200) 7.0 Calcium alkylaryl sulphonate with TBS ’25 mg KOH / g (Oloa 2468) 2.0 A iky Isa Calcium Acylate with TBN 155 (SAP 001) 2.0 Amine - type antioxidant (Permanax HD) 0.7 Bisphenol - type antioxidant (Oloa Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate with alkyls 4402E) 0.7 C4 and C8 (Multadit OB) 0.7

CS 267531 Bl

Sukeinlmide type rust inhibitor

(OCA 1O67A) Polymethacrylate type dispersant 0.1 (Plexol I5O) 0.5 The prepared oil had these main qualities parameters : Viscosity at 100 ° C) 11.21 Viscosity index 106 Freezing point, -23 Flash point, ° C 228 Carbonation residue,% wt. 0.630 Sulphated ash, wt. 0, U67 During the ČZ 125 engine test, the oil reached this score: Evaluated part Body - merit rating Securing the 1st piston ring 10.0 Securing the 2nd piston ring 10.0 Deposits on the crown of the piston 6.5 Deposits in piston grooves 8.9 Deposits in the area of the piston grooves 6.5 Deposits on the piston housing 8.7 Deposits at the bottom of the piston. 10.0 Deposits on the inserted cylinder 8.8 Clogging of the exhaust duct cut-outs 9.9 Spark plug condition 7.2 Total points 86.5

Example h

An oil containing refining additives was prepared as in Example 1, but its base oil was a mixture of 70% by weight, high pressure hydrogenate with a viscosity of 10.8 mm / s at 100 ° C and VI 92 and 30% by weight, polyalphaolefin oil (pentamer n -decene) with a viscosity of 8.2 mm ^ / s at 100 ° C and with VI 1 ^ 2. The result of the engine test of this oil was similar to that in Example 3, the total score in the CZ 12 $ test was 87 »2.

Claims (5)

Oil for lubrication of highly stressed and thermally heavily loaded two-stroke spark ignition engines, characterized in that it consists of 79 »19 to 9θ» 7 ^ 99% by weight, base oil consisting of petroleum raffinate of viscosity class SAE 30 to 40 and VI at least 80, which may be selective raffinate or high-pressure hydrogenate or regenerate of used oils or any mixture thereof and 9 »2501 to 20.81 wt. of the zinc dialkyl dithiothioate type, but in such a maximum content that the content does not exceed 0.07% by weight, an ashless antioxidant of the alkylbisphenol or aromatic amine type, in an amount of 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, detergent-dispersant additives of the alkylaryl sulfonate type or Alkyl ifenolate or calcium or magnesium alkyl isalicylate with a TBN of not more than 160 mg KOH / g, or a mixture thereof, in an amount of up to 6.0 wt. low-rust inhibitor5. CS 267531 B1 of molecular succinimide or low-base calcium or barium alkylarylsulfonate or N-acyl derivative of sarcosine in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, a pour point depressant of the polymethacrylate type in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, an antifoam additive of the type of polysiloxane in an amount of 0.0001 to 0.01 wt. 2. An oil as in item 1, characterized in that the base oil contains up to 60% by weight of a synthetic oil of the higher carboxylic acid ester and high alcohol type. 3. An oil as in item 1, characterized in that the base oil contains up to 60% by weight of synthetic polyolefin type oils. 4. An oil as in 1 to 3, characterized in that the mixture of refining additives contains 0.1 to 0.8% by weight of antioxidants of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate type combined from zinc dialkyldithiophosphate with alkyls up to C _g , characterized by good anti-abrasion properties, and dialkyldithiophosphate. zinc with alkyls of C _g to characterized by higher thermal stability, 5. An oil as in 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixture of refining additives additionally contains 0.5 to 2.0 .mu.m by weight, anti-abrasion and lubricating additives of the compound type containing active sulfur or fatty acid ester and higher alcohol.