CS263602B1 - Method of spinning of yarn with open end and apparatus for realizing this method - Google Patents

Abstract

Discrete fibres are supplied onto a suction field (49) on a perforated surface (38) of a revolving carrier (37), and elongate fibrous formation being formed from the supplied fibres on said suction field (49) whereupon said formation is withdrawn from the suction field (49) and taken onto the open end of yarn (P) given a true twist and wound on a bobbin. According to the invention, the elongate fibrous formation on the perforated surface (38) when passing through the region of suction field (49) is shaped by force means to a fibrous fringe the maximum width of which, when reaching the suction field (49) is reduced to a pointed portion taken onto the open yarn end, withdrawn from the perforated surface (38) in counter-direction to its motion, and finally twisted. <IMAGE>

Description

The object of the present invention is to provide a method of spinning open-end yarn, wherein the filaments are fed to a stationary suction field of a perforated surface of a circulating carrier, on which suction field forms a longitudinal fiber formation drawn from the suction field and rolled to the open end. twisted by a right-hand twist and wound on a spool, on the other hand, an apparatus for carrying out the method, comprising an opener device, an adjoining device connected to the opener device and having a circulating perforated surface carrier and a suction nozzle connected to a vacuum source behind the coupling device, the draw-off device and the winding device.

A number of open-end attachment solutions are known. In fact, the most widespread is rotor spinning. The unified fibers from the fiber sliver are fed via a conveying channel to the inner conical surface of the spinning rotor, after which they are moved to its widest part - collecting grooves - by centrifugal forces. In the collecting groove, the fibers are compressed into a ribbon of oriented fibers, which is rolled out of the collecting groove by rolling onto the open end of the yarn and twisted into the yarn in the yarn section lying in the axis of rotation of the conical surface. However, this process is only possible as a result of the twisting back of said yarn section in the axis of rotation of the tapered surface to the collecting groove, which partially strengthens the discharged fiber ribbon. This stiffening is necessary because the dissected ribbon must transmit the axial force generated by the rotation of the continuously formed ribbon in the collecting groove, with each yarn inserted twisting requiring one revolution of the spinning rotor.

The disadvantage of this otherwise rational spinning method is that increasing the speed of yarn formation requires a necessary increase in the speed of the spinning rotor with the ribbon, and the dissipated ribbon must overcome the increasingly axial force due to increasing centrifugal forces. This physical barrier to the production of the rotor spinning process means that when all the technical means to improve the twist back penetration have been exhausted, practically in the rotor manner no more than 100,000 twists per minute can be inserted into the yarn.

Therefore, it is certainly preferable, in view of the continuous increase in production of spinning systems, to apply spinning methods in which the densified longitudinal fibrous formation rotates about an axis substantially coincident with the axis of the longitudinal fibrous formation when twisted. This fundamental principle is realized by various systems, such as, for example, open-end friction spinning represented by the known spinning machine according to Austrian patent 333 631 or according to English patent 2,042,599.

Although the production of these systems is significantly higher than that of the rotor systems, the structure of the yarn produced is in accordance with the yarn production principle of the systems, so that the resulting yarn has a somewhat lower strength relative to the strength of the yarns produced by the rotor process.

It is known that when consolidating a densified longitudinal fibrous formation formed by its rotation about an axis of rotation substantially identical to the axis of the longitudinal fibrous formation, the densification process is separated from the twisting process, both processes being performed by separate means. A device based on this principle is the subject of Japanese Patent 38-19,625. ·

The open-end spinning process and the apparatus for carrying out the method included in this patent are set forth in the first paragraph of the introduction. The united fibers from the opener device are fed to the suction field defined on the perforated surface of the cylindrical circulating carrier through a channel whose mouth is tightly but non-contacting to the perforated surface. The length orientation of the channel, substantially the same as the length orientation of the filaments, is identical to the direction of the surface line of the perforated surface. The suction field is defined on the perforated surface by a suction nozzle provided within a thin-walled cylindrical circulating carrier and connected to a vacuum source. At one edge of this suction field the mouth of the supply channel is attached and the other edge is connected by a twisting and exhausting device.

However, even this solution, despite the indisputable advantages, has some drawbacks that negatively affect the inner structure of the yarn and hence some mechanical-physical properties of the yarn, especially its strength.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved open-end yarn spinning system according to the Japanese patent in order to provide a twisting advantageous fiber orientation in a longitudinal fibrous formation substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the formation on the perforated surface. at the fiber ends prior to the subsequent separate consolidation of the longitudinal fibrous formation by twisting into the yarn. Meeting these conditions would make it possible to produce a high yarn production with advantageous mechanical-physical parameters, in particular a high yarn strength.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide, on the one hand, a corresponding yarn production method which is simple to implement and, on the other hand, a constructionally simple and operationally reliable device for carrying out the method.

The open-end spinning process according to the invention at least largely satisfies this condition by forming a longitudinal fibrous formation on a perforated surface by passing through the suction field regions into a fiber beard tapering from its highest width at the point of introduction of the fibers to the suction field. into the spike portion, whereupon it is wrapped by the spike portion on the open end of the yarn, removed from the perforated surface against the direction of its movement and twisted.

The longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into a fibrous beard on a perforated surface of a circulating carrier of the shape of a cylinder, truncated cone, disk or branch of an endless belt.

The notion that the fiber beard pulls away from the perforated surface against the direction of its movement is to be understood in general and not exact. The counter-directional withdrawal means that the fiber beard is withdrawn from the perforated surface at a certain acute angle to the direction of movement thereof, which acute angle is delimited by the tangent at the point of withdrawal of the fiber beard from the perforated surface and the withdrawal direction. When the fiber beard is withdrawn from the perforated surface provided on the endless belt, this acute angle is defined directly by the direction of movement of the endless belt and the direction of the fiber beard withdrawn from the endless belt.

Obviously, the direction of withdrawal of the twisted fibrous beard from the perforated surface extends through the end of the tip portion of the fibrous beard on the perforated surface.

On the perforated surface of the circulating cylinder-shaped nocturnal, the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into a fiber beard symmetrically or unsymmetrically with respect to the central circumferential circle of the cylinder.

From the viewpoint of structural yarn formation, it is preferred that the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into a fibrous beard by a spike portion of the ribbon shape, the length of which is preferably at least equal to the median length of the staple of the spun fibers.

When using an orbiting cylinder-shaped support, the ribbon is oriented either symmetrically with respect to the central circumferential circle of the cylinder or at one of the edges of the perforated surface. The same possibilities are also present with the orbiting carrier in the form of an endless belt. In this case, the ribbon is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the endless belt.

In circulating frustoconical and disc shaped carriers, the orientation of the ribbon at the greatest circumference of the perforated surface is preferred.

The longitudinal fibrous formation is formed on the perforated surface into the fibrous beard by air means, either by the shape of the suction field or by the shape of the suction field and by the air flow directed towards the surface, the fibrous beard formed at least one edge of the perforated surface transversely to its direction.

It is also feasible that the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into a fibrous beard by an infinite suction field and air streams directed in the area of the formed fibrous bar from the edges of the perforated surface transversely to the direction of its movement.

The air jets act on the longitudinal fibrous formation in a section that preferably corresponds to the length of the tapered portion of the fibrous beard.

. According to a further variant, the fibrous formation is formed into a fibrous beard by the shape of a suction field and additionally by a centrifugal force acting on the fibers deposited on a circulating frustoconical or disk-shaped support.

The longitudinal fiber formation is densified on the perforated surface by molding so that lateral distances between the fibers are reduced. This phase is accomplished by moving the fibers on the perforated surface in the transverse direction relative to its movement. By densifying the longitudinal fibrous formation, the density of the fibers varies over the region of the perforated surface in which the fibers occur.

The fiber beard structure is characterized in that in any cross-section of the fibrous formation, i.e. perpendicular to its direction of movement through the perforated surface, there is a number of fibers less than the number of fibers in any cross-section of the finished yarn formed by twisting the fiber formation. . The number of fibers in the fiber beard does not show any significant variation, the fibers in this fiber formation being oriented in length in the direction of its movement with the perforated surface. ,

The suction field is fed with a flow of bonded fibers sensed to support the effect of the suction field from the surface of the combing roller of the opener device, which is attached to the circulating carrier or which is offset from the circulating carrier and connected to it by a connecting channel.

In both cases, the fibers are scanned from the surface of the combing roller at a speed at least equal to the peripheral speed of the combing roller.

In view of the structural formation of the fiber beard on the suction field, it is preferred that:. the flow of the united fibers narrows spatially through the passageway.

With the method according to the invention, multi-component yarns can be produced, such as core, wrapped or combined yarns. In the manufacture of the core yarn, at least one core yarn component twisted with the formed yarn into the core yarn is fed to the tip portion of the fiber beard. The core thread component is fed to the tip portion of the fiber beard at a rate equal to or different from the speed of the perforated surface.

The principle of producing a wrapped yarn is to feed at least one yarn twist component twisted with the yarn into the wrapped yarn at the yarn twist location.

The inventive method can also produce blended yarns in the desired ratio of individual fiber components and in the desired structural structure of the fiber components in the yarn.

Either two or more fiber strands differing in type, fineness or color, or partial strands from feed devices arranged along the circumference of the comb roller are fed to the opener device.

The spinning unit forms a monotonously twisted yarn as the basic structure. The basic character of this yarn is closer to the annular yarn, and in particular in terms of material non-uniformity and number of defects, it shows significantly better results. As a result, the appearance of this yarn is very calm. A substantial advantage over rotor yarns is the absence of fiber rings and higher yarn strength, thereby greatly expanding the field of practical application of yarns. '

By a very simple intervention, ie by changing the twisting speed of the twisting device, for example by increasing, it is possible to spin the yarn sharply twisted or vice versa by reducing the speed of the yarn by soft, volumetric, ie. less twisted. In addition to this parameter, no other technical-technological parameter needs to be adjusted for a given adjustment of the spinning device.

A great advantage is the easy reversibility of the twist. The twist of the yarn Z or S is determined by the direction of rotation of the twisting device. Therefore, the choice of the twist sense in the yarn is only a matter of, for example, the electrical switching of the phases of the driving electric motor. This, of course, makes it possible, for example, to produce yarns on one side of a two-row machine and yarn Z on the other side, which gives the possibility of an optimum subsequent twisting of these yarns.

The spinning device is suitable for making cotton yarns, cotton-type chemical fibers or blended yarns.

However, the use of this spinning system for wool and wool fibers of the wool type is not precluded, provided that a suitably arranged and appropriately sized opener device is preceded for this purpose, and of course very coarse yarns can be produced.

An essential advantage of the spinning device is the possibility of processing contaminated and less valuable fiber raw materials into fully-valued yarns by effectively separating the impurities in the densification operation.

In order to carry out the method according to the invention, a device according to the invention has been solved with respect to the state of the art mentioned in the preamble of paragraph 18 of the definition of the invention by assigning molding means for forming the longitudinal fibrous formation on the suction field. a fiber beard tapering from its largest width at the point of introduction of the fibers to the suction field, into the tip portion, and on the other hand, a conductor for discharging the twisted yarn from the suction field substantially in a direction opposite to the movement of the perforated surface.

Preferably, the conductor is directly positioned relative to the suction field for tangential withdrawal of the twisted yarn from the suction field.

According to a preferred embodiment, the yarn guide forms a discharge channel for removing the yarn from the suction field or directly the inlet of the twisting device.

According to a preferred embodiment, the revolving roller is associated with a combing roller, assigned closely but non-contacting to the perforated surface in the region of the start of the suction field, the sense of rotation of the combing roller being opposite to the movement of the perforated surface.

The circulating carrier may be formed by a cylinder, truncated cone, disc or endless belt.

According to a basic embodiment of the device, the forming means forms a suction field tapering in the direction of movement of the perforated surface. The suction field is formed on the perforated surface by a shaped neck of the suction nozzle attached to the inner side of the perforated surface.

The suction field extends from its base part, which is at most as large as the functional width of the combing roller, to a tapered part terminated by an end part whose width is several times smaller than the width of the base part of the suction field. The end portion may be formed by a strip whose length is at least equal to the median length of the staple of the spun fibers.

In a symmetrical arrangement of the suction field, the tapered portion is formed by tongue or tongue and strip. In an asymmetrical arrangement, the tapered portion is formed by a wedge extending into a strip disposed at one of the edges of the cylinder as the orbiting carrier of the perforated surface.

According to one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the roller as the orbiting carrier of the perforated surface is rotatably supported in a recess of the stationary support body surrounding the side wall with a tightly but non-contacting perforated surface and passing through a connecting channel into a further recess. b) of the yarn removal channel, the mouth of which is located before the twisting device inlet, the narrowest point between the perforated surface and the inner wall of the removal channel being situated in the region of the end portion of the suction field. The connecting channel is defined by the trip edge and the separating edge. Both recesses and the connecting channel are covered frontally by the lid of the support body, thereby creating a functional space separated from the external environment.

According to a preferred embodiment, a cover is provided on the lid of the support body, extending into the cavity of the circulating cylinder-shaped support and forming a suction field on the perforated surface.

According to one embodiment, the molding means comprise both a suction field tapering in the direction of movement of the perforated surface and a lower annular suction slot provided in the bottom of the recess of the support body in which the rotating roller-shaped support is rotatably supported and / or an upper annular suction slot. provided in the lid of the support body, wherein the annular suction slot, whose arc length corresponds substantially to the length of the tapered part of the suction field, lies on the lateral extension of the perforated surface.

According to another embodiment, the molding means comprise both an infinite suction field and a lower annular suction slot provided in the bottom of the recess of the support body in which the rotating cylinder-shaped support is rotatably supported and an upper annular suction slot provided in the support body cover. the annular suction slots whose arc length corresponds substantially to the length of the tapered portion of the suction field lie on the lateral extension of the perforated surface.

If the comb roller is attached to the perforated surface, its peripheral speed is at most equal to the speed of the perforated surface.

A feature of the device according to the invention is preferred, according to which the length of the connection channel is selected such that the comb roller is offset from the circulating carrier to a length greater than the average staple length of the spun fibers.

It is expedient for the width of the connection channel to decrease in the direction of flow of the fibrous material.

As the orbiting carrier of the perforated surface, the roller may have a slight concave profile of an arch or wedge shape or a wedge-shaped profile. may have a guide groove in the region of the central circumferential circle.

The device according to the invention, suitable for the production of core yarn, is characterized in that at least one guide channel for the yarn core component inlet extends into the side wall of the recess in the region of the tapered portion of the suction field.

A device according to the invention suitable for producing a wrapped yarn having a twisting device formed by a pair of symmetrically rotating twisting rollers, characterized in that a circumferential groove for the wrapping component is provided in one of the twisting rolls.

According to a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the discharge channel passes on the opposite side with respect to its mouth into a coaxially arranged suction channel connected via a control flap to a continuous collecting channel, the suction channel having a larger flow cross section than the discharge channel.

From the point of view of the air mode in the yarn formation area, it is advantageous that a suction vent opens into the side wall of the recess immediately in front of the trip edge.

/

The device according to the invention also comprises a variant of the solution according to which the circulating carrier is formed by a ring with a perforated surface provided on its inner surface, to which is attached a combing roller of the opener device arranged inside the ring.

Another variant of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the twisting device is formed by the frictional surface of the circulating carrier to which the perforated surface adjoins and on the other hand by the frictional roller closely but contactlessly attached to the frictional surface.

An exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown schematically in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a part of the device comprising the opener device, the mating device, and the twisting device, in partial cross-section, top view; Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows the device in front view, Figs. 4 to 6 variants of the suction field design on the perforated surface deployed in a plane, Figs. 7, 8 variants of the perforated surface of the circulating carrier in axial section. Fig. 12 shows a detail view of the spinning unit in a perspective view, Fig. 13 shows a detail of the orbiting cylinder-shaped carrier in partial section; Fig. 14 shows a section along the plane XIV-XIV of Fig. 13; 16 to 18 show a variant axial section of the suction field on the perforated surface of the orbiting cylinder-shaped support. Fig. 19 shows a detail of the orifice of another embodiment, unfolded, Fig. 20 shows a detail of the connecting channel between the combing roller and the circulating carrier, in partial section in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the combing roller; Fig. 22 is a sectional view along the line XXII-XXII of Fig. 21, Fig. 23 is a sectional view along the plane XXIII-XIII of Fig. 21, Fig. 24, a variant view of the coupling device; Fig. 28 shows a detail of the perforated surface of Fig. 27 projected in a plane, Fig. 29 shows a detail of a threading device arranged for the production of a core yarn, in a partial view 30 is a plan view of a composite device for the production of a wound yarn, in partial cross-section and a top view, FIG. FIG. 32 shows a detail of a composite device for producing a multi-component yarn, in a partial top view, FIG. 33 shows a variant of the opener and the composite device in a perspective view.

The device (FIGS. 1, 2 and 3) consists of an opener device 1, a mating device 2, a torsion device 3, a draw-off device 2 and a winding device 5.

The opener device 1, the mating device 2 and the torsion device 3 are arranged in a support body 6 attached to the machine frame by means not shown. The opening arrangement 2 comprises either the arrows on the driven feed roller 7, which is not shown к means biased finger j), second combing roller 9 provided with the working tip 10 and rotating in the arrow direction 11 opening roller 2 ^e 3 accommodated in the recess 12 by cross into the recess 13 in which the feed roller 7 is received. The opener device 2 and the opener device 2 are covered by a lid 14, screwed to the support body 2 by screws 15 ·

The shaft 16 of the feed roller 7 (FIG. 3) is connected via an electromagnetic clutch 17 to a shaft 22 whose helical gear 19 engages a helical wheel (not shown) on a continuous shaft 20. »mounted in bearings in the machine frame 21 and driven by a gear transmission 22 via a gearbox. 23 and a further transmission of gears 24 from the first electric motor 25.

The shaft 26 of the opener roller 2 ^e 3 fixed with a friction wheel 27 which engages with a central drive belt 28 which is guided rotatably mounted between the guide pulley 29 and the pulley 30 of the second electric motor 31 (Figs. 2, 3).

For the function of the opener device ³ and two substantial side wall 32 a recess 12 (FIG. 1) which defines with the surface of the combing roller 9 transport path.

The recess 12 in the support body 8 is connected to the recess 21 by a connecting channel 33 in which the coupling device 2 is arranged. The transition between the recess 12 and the connecting channel 33 is defined by the trip edge 35 and the separating edge 36.

The coupling device 2 (FIG. 1) provided in the support body 6 forms an orbiting carrier 37 of the perforated surface 38, which in the basic variant is embodied by a thin-walled cylinder 32 with a perforation 40 adjacent to the combing roller 2.

The cylinder 39 with the open upper side wall is supported on a shaft 41 (FIGS. 2, 3, 7, 8) rotatably mounted in a support body 6 which is friction disk 42 engaged with the central drive belt 28. Direction of movement of the cylinder 32 » the friction disc 42 is located on the opposite side of the central drive belt 28 relative to the friction disc 27 for driving the combing roller 2. The peripheral speed of the perforated surface 38 must be at least equal to the peripheral speed of the working spikes. 10 combing roller 2 ·

In the cavity of the cylinder 39, a suction nozzle 44 is connected statically, connected via a duct 45 to a continuous exhaust duct 46 connected to the suction port of the fan 47 (FIG. 3). The suction nozzle 44 is tightly but non-contactingly fitted to the inner side of the perforated surface 38 of the cylinder 39 by the neck 48.

The shape of the neck 48 defines on the outside of the perforated surface 38 a stable suction field 49 which is one of the means for forming the longitudinal fibrous formation into a fibrous beard. The suction field 49 can have different shape variants.

Giant. 4 to 6 show, by dashed line, the typical shapes of the suction field 49 on the unfolded portion of the casing of the perforated surface 38, the direction of movement of which is shown by arrow 43. The profile of the connecting channel 33 projected into the unfolded perforated surface is shown in dotted lines. Essentially, the suction field 49 is defined by the base portion 50 that extends, in the direction of the arrow 43, beyond the area of the connecting channel 33 into the tapered portion 51 terminated by the end portion 52. The width L of the base portion 50 is at most as wide as roll 2 (FIG. 2), wherein the width L of the end portion ₂ is 52 times smaller than the width L. According to FIGS. 5, 6, end portion 52 of the strips 53, whose length is at least equal to the mean staple length of the spun filaments.

The suction field 49 tapers from its base portion 50 relative to the dotted circle circumference 54 of the cylinder 39 / symmetrically (FIGS. 4, 5) or asymmetrically (FIG. 6). Referring to FIG. 4, the suction field 49 tapers from the base portion 50 to the tongue 55, with the end portion 52 formed by the blunt tip and, according to FIG. 5, into an isosceles triangle 56 that passes into the end portion 22 / formed by the strip 53.

Giant. 6 shows a suction field 49 that tapers from its base portion 50 into a wedge 57 that passes into a strip 52 / arranged in one embodiment at the lower edge of the perforated surface 38. The beginning of the suction field 49 is delimited by an edge 22 / opposite the trip edge. 35 of the connecting channel 33 (FIG. 1).

A conductor 59 (FIG. 1) ^is positioned between the composite device 2 ^{and the} twist device 21 (FIG. 1) to draw the yarn P out of the suction field 49, substantially opposite to the movement of the perforated area 38. The conductor 59 is formed tangentially connected to the recess 21, in which the cylinder 32 'of the discharge channel 60 is arranged, before the yarn P enters the twisting device 2'.

The narrowest point 61 of the exhaust duct 22 (defined by the functional surface of the cylinder 39 and the inner wall of the exhaust duct 62) is situated in the region of the end portion 52 of the suction field 49. The exhaust duct 60 passes on the opposite side to the suction duct 62 connected via the flap 63 to a continuous exhaust The internal diameter of the discharge channel 60 is smaller than the internal diameter of the suction channel 62.

The side wall of the recess 34 of the support body 2 / the bottom 65 of the recess 34 and preferably the recessed lid 14 of the body 2 (FIG. 1) forms a functional space from which air suction nozzle 44 is sucked through the perforated surface 22 connected to the external environment by a communication channel 22 which communicates via the opener device 2 ^{with the} external environment, on the other hand by a suction channel 62 # or another vent, for example a dashed inlet vent 66 (FIG. 1), the mouth of which is preferably located in front of the trip edge 35 .

The perforated surface 38 is either a jacket of the cylinder 39 (FIG. 1) or another suitable surface, for example with a concave profile. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7, the concave profile is wedge-shaped 67.

Referring to FIG. 8, the cylindrical surface is provided with a guide groove 22 in the region of the central circumference (not shown). The direction of the air drawn by the suction nozzle 44 is shown by arrow 69 (FIGS. 7, 8).

The purpose of these solutions is to achieve a better circumferential guidance of the yarn when it is bonded to the fibers in the region of the end portion 22. The yarn end rotated by the twisting mechanism 2 is then better centered on the associated fibers in the groove or apex of the concave profile. in extreme values it could cause the fibers to fly off.

The twisting device 3 may be formed by suitable known twisting means, some of the preferred embodiments being shown in Figures 1 to 3 and 9 to 11.

The twisting device of Figs. 1 to 3 comprises pairs of twisting rollers 70, 21, the surface of which is provided with a suitable friction, for example rubber coating, and which are tightly but non-contacted to each other so as to form a wedge slot 72 in which both surfaces move. in the opposite direction of the arrows. The shafts 73, 74 of the twisting rollers 70, 71 (FIG. 1) are rotatably supported in bearings (not shown) provided in the support body 2. The elongated shaft 73 of the cylinder 70 terminates in a friction pulley 75 which engages the continuous drive belt 76 guided by the pulley. 77 and third drive motor pulley 78

79. The direction of movement of the continuous drive belt 76 is shown by arrow 80.

An electromagnetic clutch 81 is inserted into the shaft 73. The cylinder 71 is driven by a friction disc 82 rotatably mounted in a support body 8 which is in frictional engagement with the cylinder 70 (FIG. 2).

The position of the twisting rollers 22, 71 is selected such that the imaginary axis, intersected by the apex of the wedge-shaped slot 22, extends substantially through the axis of the discharge channel 60 (not shown) towards the end portion 52 of the suction field 49. 83 is adjustable by known means (not shown) in the direction of the double arrow 84 (FIG. 2).

The second embodiment of the twisting device 2 / shown in FIG. 9 is formed by a pair of partially illustrated endless friction strips 25, 86 driven by known drive means not shown so that their parallel branches move in the opposite direction within the meaning of arrows 87, 88. formed by one endless friction band. The direction of twisting P is shown by arrow 89.

The twisting device 2 'shown in FIG. 10 is embodied by a small diameter torsion spindle 22.' driven by known means (not shown) in the direction of arrow 89. The torque is transmitted to the yarn P by the spring flap 91 contacting the inner wall 92 of the torsion spindle cavity 90.

A further embodiment of the twisting device 3 shown in FIG. 11 is formed by a vortex chamber 93 into which compressed air as shown by arrow 95 is supplied through tangential passage 94, forming a potential vortex twisting yarn within arrow 89 and projecting lateral axial vents 22 '. 97

The exhaust device 2 (FIG. 3) is formed by a conventional pair of rollers, in the exemplary embodiment a continuous roller 98 and a pressure roller 99. At one end of the continuous roller 22 'rotatably supported in bearings provided in the machine frame 21, a pulley 100 is fastened. with a pulley 102 provided on the transmission shaft 23.

The pressure roller 99 is rotatably supported on the arm of the bushing 103 suspended on a stationary support rod 104. The pulling device 4 is preferably provided with a guide eye 105 which periodically reciprocates within the width of the pressure roller 99 in the direction of the double arrow 106. derived from a known mechanism (not shown).

The winding device 2 consists of a guide loop 107 provided on a partially shown continuous bar 108, slidingly mounted in the machine frame 21 and moving the machine during the periodic reciprocating movement of the double arrow 109 derived from the drive mechanism (not shown). a coil holder 110 in which the coil tube 111 is received and a continuous drive roller 113 rotatably mounted in the frame 21 and connected by a pulley 114, a belt 115 and another pulley 116 with a continuous roller 22 odtahované příze P.

In the section between the twisting device 2 ^{and the} pulling device 8 (FIG. 3), a yarn detecting sensor 117 is provided, the function of which is based, for example, on the yarn axial tension indication through the tongue 118 of the detector 117. a control device 120 connected through a conduit 121 with an electromagnetic clutch 17, included in the feed roller T_, guidance 122 (FIGS. 1, 3) with an electromagnetic clutch 81 for controlling the drive twister 2, ⁱⁿ an exemplary embodiment of the drive friction disc 82 (FIG. 2 3) by a line 123 with a device 124 for controlling the movement of the bobbin holder 110 and a line 125 with a known device 126 for indicating the movement of the bobbin 112. The control device 120 provides time-programmed control of the spinning unit's functional devices based on sensor pulses 117.

Referring to FIG. 11, the electromagnetic clutch 81 is replaced, for example, by an electromagnetic valve 127 for controlling the supply of compressed air to the vortex chamber 93.

The spinning unit operates as follows:

The fiber strand 128, embedded in the watering can 129 (FIGS. 1 and 3), is fed by the feed roller 7 and the thumb 2 to the working tips 10 of the comb roller 2 which comb out the fibers which accelerate and further unite. The process of accelerating the fibers extends as far as the trip edge 35. At this point, the individual fibers are already under the action of centrifugal forces caused by the movement of the fibers along a substantially circular path and simultaneously by the suction forces of the suction field 49 of the circulating carrier 37. , separated from the working tip 10 of the opener roller 2 ^and converted to the symmetrically moving the perforated surface 38. · the direction of transfer of fibers is oriented substantially in a direction tangent к perforated surface 38 due to the effect of inertial forces dependent on the weight of the fibers and the transferred tangential acceleration effect fibers on the edge of the combing roller 2 ·

The combing process of the fiber strand 128 is a random process related to the distribution of the fiber ends in the strand and to the instantaneous combing forces, so that the fibers are accelerated on the circumference of the comb roller 2 in different paths with different relative displacements. Accordingly, the fibers will be fed to different locations of the perforated surface 38 of the base portion 50 of the suction field 49 in the width L (FIGS. 4, 5, 6).

Each filament V transferred to the rotating perforated surface 31 is fixed on this surface by the suction forces of the suction field 49.

The process of the suction field 49, the shape of which is shown in FIG. 5, is described below. When the fiber is fixed to the center. of the base portion 52, this filament together with the perforated surface 38 will advance through the tapered portion 51 and the end portion 52. However, if the filament is fixed to the perforated surface at any edge of the base portion 52 51 so that its front end protrudes beyond this tapered portion where the suction effect no longer occurs. Under the action of a centrifugal force, the leading end of the fiber is separated from the surface of the perforated surface 38, thereby reducing the frictional force between this surface and the surface of the released fiber end. At the same time, the filament is subjected to a predominant lateral suction force in the edge of the tapered portion 51 which causes the end of the filament to begin to swivel back towards the tapered portion and to move it on the perforated surface to the tapered portion 51. The elementary displacement process explained for the leading end of the fiber also applies to each other portion of the fiber, so that after passing through a portion of the perforated surface 38 corresponding to the region of the tapered portion 21, the fiber is displaced substantially around its center. equal to the width L _{2 of the} end portion 52.

Obviously, the randomly distributed fibers fixed to the base portion 50 and fixed by the suction effect on the perforated surface are moved from the tapered portion 51 as a result of the described process to the end portion 52, in which all the fibers are oriented lengthwise around the periphery of the perforated surface 38. This is a very narrow area, a simplistic condition can be accepted that the distribution of fibers in this area is quite regular with respect to its axis.

The length L _{3 of the} end portion 52, respectively. of the strip 53, is at least long enough that the bulk of the fibers oriented therein lie in that end portion. This condition will be satisfied even if at least the mean length of the staple of the fibers corresponds to the length L ^.

At the end of the end portion 52, where the suction field no longer has the suction effect, it would be necessary for the fibers in the ordered mold to depart according to the chosen elongation either with little overlap or one after the other, substantially in tangential direction from the perforated surface 38. In this casting process, the front end of the filament would first be loosened, which would be positioned in the direction of the resultant of these forces with respect to the mechanical forces prevailing over the stiffness of the filament. These are the radial force, ie the centrifugal force and the tangential force, ie the inertial force. The suction effect at the end of the end portion 52 trying to return the leaving fiber back against the movement of the perforated surface is overcome by the considerably greater inertial energy of the fiber.

If it is just in the region before the end of the end portion 52 that the fibers of this region approach the end of the piecing yarn, which, due to the suction forces in the end portion 52, comes close to this portion and rotates from the twisting device 2. fibers are caught by the rotating end. The process proceeds over time so that the entrapped fiber is subjected to braking, which results in an intense axial force in the fiber that strains each section of the fiber, thereby favorably affecting its migration process when spun into the yarn. Regarding the yarn structure, it is quite unimportant whether the fiber will be caught by the yarn at the front end or at the rear end. In both cases, the braking effect resulting from equalizing the difference between the peripheral velocity of the perforated surface 38 coincides with the velocity of the fibers and the yarn draw-off speed P is very high, which ensures straightening of the fibers against movement of the yarn. .

From the above explanation, a very significant advantage of the spinning process is clearly apparent, in which the fiber is still controlled by force means until it is caught in the yarn after it has been combed out of the sliver. This missing factor in other open-end systems worsens the yarn structure, which is manifested in particular by a decrease in yarn strength. .

The symmetrical action of centrifugal forces and suction forces in removing the fibers V from the working tips 10 of the combing roller 2 makes it possible to significantly reduce the necessary peripheral velocity of the working tips 10. However, this has a very significant technological advantage reduction of their shortening, which in a complex impact will also be reflected in an increase in the usable length of the fibers in the yarn and thus, of course, to improve the strength parameters of the yarn.

The advantage is that by controlling the suction force mode, the sensing force for different fibrous materials can be influenced and the fibers can be unified with only one type of combing roller working tips, which is not possible with machines operating without the described suction effects. working tips of combing rollers.

The spinning process is very stable as the system operates with less axial force in the yarn than, for example, in the rotor system. Also, cleaning the fibrous material from impurities that may cause spinning failure is very intense.

Last but not least, the spinning unit can also process very dirty fibrous raw materials, as hard and dusty impurities, if they have not been sucked through perforated holes on the perforated surface, are ejected from the perforated surface at the end of the suction field. 46 where they can be captured on filters. Separation of impurities from the surface of the fibers can also be promoted, for example, by introducing air into the system through a suction vent 66 (FIG. 1). In this case, the fibers are subjected to different pneumatic forces due to different pneumatic resistances, so that the fibers and dirt are deposited at different locations on the perforated surface 38.

The spinning process is as follows:

An appropriate length of yarn is unwound from the spool 112 with the spool holder 110 folded out, the end of which is introduced outside the take-off device 8 through a loop 83 and a wedge-shaped slot 72 towards the mouth of the take-off channel 60. The amount of suction effect in the suction channel 62 is adjusted by the control flap 63 according to the yarn type and, in particular, its flexibility. The introduced yarn tangentially contacts the perforated surface 38 in front of the end portion 52 of the suction field 49. Due to the suction forces in the discharge channel 60 and in particular the frictional forces exerted by the yarn contact with the perforated surface 38, the yarn axial tension is increased. the sensor 117 closes, whereby the spinning unit is ready for the spinning process, in which situation the electromagnetic couplings 1/7, 81 are disengaged.

The command to engage the electromagnetic clutches 17, 81 is issued by the control device 120 to the pulse of the device 126. As soon as the spool 112 starts to rotate, the electromagnetic clutch 17 of the feed device first receives the command. The channel 60 is gradually withdrawn as a result of the yarn withdrawal, the process of combing the fibers, accelerating them, depositing and fixing them on the perforated surface 38 and moving them to the end portion 52. Once the first fibers are transferred to the end portion 52 of the suction field 49 located already outside the suction channel 62, to the perforated surface 38 of this moment, which is essential for engaging the electromagnetic clutch 81, the twisting rollers 70/21 begin to twist the yarn, and twists penetrating to the pinned end of the yarn onto the perforated surface 38 before the end for turn the open end of the yarn. The drawn and rotating end of the yarn catches the fibers V which are twisted into the yarn P in the next section. It is guided by a guide eyelet 107, the interaction of the movement of this eyelet and the rotation of the drive roller 113 is wound on a bobbin 112.

When the yarn breaks, the sensor 117 sends a signal to the control device 120 which, by switching off the electromagnetic clutch 17, stops feeding of the fibrous material to the combing roller 9 and by switching off the electromagnetic clutch 81 stops the twisting device 3. The other devices, i.e. the combing roller 9 and the draw-off device 8, remain in operation.

The combed fibers, including the yarn remainder after the breakage, gradually flow through the suction channel 62 and become trapped on the continuous suction channel filter 46. Thus, the spinning unit is ready for spinning in the manner already explained.

Since the individual steps required to prepare the spinning unit for spinning are simple, this process can advantageously be automated by known means.

Giant. 12 illustrates a spinning unit in a perspective view in which means for accommodating and driving the functional members of the spinning unit are omitted for simplicity and clarity.

The spinning unit consists of an opening device 2 / an association device 2, a twisting device 6, a draw-off device 6 and a winding device (not shown).

The union device 8 comprises a feed roller 7 ^{and a} thumb 6 provided with a densifier 130 and a combing roller 9. The mating device 2 consists of a roller-shaped carrier 37 with a perforated surface 38 and a suction nozzle 44 connected via a pipe 45 to a vacuum source. on the perforated surface 38 of the suction field 49 according to the shape shown in FIG. 5.

Drive device not shown in the exemplary embodiment drives the shaft 16 of the feed roller 2 in the direction indicated by arrow, the shaft 26 of the opener roller 9 at 4000 rpm "^ in the direction of the arrow Ll / cylinder 39 at 4100 rpm ^-1 in the direction of arrow 43, twisting device 2 at 2400 rpm ^- ^ £ and recovery device 300 m.min

The feed roller 7 feeds the fiber strand 128 to the combing roller 6, wherein the filaments removed from the combing roller tines 10 under the action of the suction field 49 are deposited on a rotating perforated surface 38 into a fiber formation which is formed by force the suction effect 49 of the suction field 49 into the fiber beard VB, having a tongue-shaped portion 131 passing into the tip portion 132 formed by the ribbon 133, the fiber beard VB withdrawing from the end portion of the suction field 49 upstream 132 - by a ribbon 133 - to the open end of the yarn P, and in this opposite direction twisted in the direction of arrow 89 by the right twist formed by the yarn passage through the twisting device. The conductor 59 in this case is the drain channel 60.

If the suction field 49 in the shape shown in FIG. 4 is used so that its end portion 52 does not pass into the strip 53, the blunt tip of the tip portion 132 of the fibrous beard VB will be wrapped directly onto the rotating open end of the yarn.

Using the suction field 49 shown in FIG. 6, a longitudinal fibrous formation will be formed on the suction field 49 into a wedge-shaped tapered portion 131 that passes into the spike portion 132 formed by the ribbon 133. The rotating open end of the yarn will then be to roll the fiber beard VB directly with this ribbon 133.

In the previous description, the formation, respectively, was explained. moving the fibers into the fiber beard as a result of the lateral suction force at the edge of the tapered portion 51 of the suction field (Figs. 4-6), causing the end of the fiber leaving this region to begin to deflect back to that region, so the rotational movement of the fiber on the perforated surface 38 also causes lateral displacement of the fiber on this surface. The lateral suction force is induced by the air flow drawn in the tapered portion 51 of the suction field 49. The perforation 40 of the perforated surface 38 at the edge of the tapered portion 51 contributes in particular to the formation of an air stream characterized by a certain velocity c. these outer openings, its value is not too high and since the displacement lateral suction force Q is proportional to the speed c, it is not particularly large. This results in the fiber transfer process being carried out more slowly and thus on a relatively large portion of the circumference of the orbiting perforated surface 38. Somewhat better conditions are created for the rotating perforated surface 38 ^{where the} force Q overcomes the smaller lateral frictional forces due to compensating suction normal forces centrifugal force F.

The forming of the fibers on the tapered portion 51 of the suction field 49 can be aided by side air streams, which represent a concentrated flow of air sucked through all of the perforations in the respective surface line. By this measure, the air flow around the filament being moved, respectively, increases. air velocity c with impact on the resulting lateral suction force Q.

13-15 illustrates a variant of the mating device 2 configured to form a fibrous beard by the interaction of the molding means.

Giant. 13 shows the support of the circulating carrier 37 in the form of a cylinder 39 in the support body 8; and FIG.

A diaphragm 134 extends perpendicularly from the lid 14 into the cylinder cavity 39, in which it is tightly but non-contacted to its inner wall. The diaphragm 134 is shown partially in FIG. 15 in the deployed state for clarity, with the corresponding width L _{x of the} cutout 135 passing through the section plane XIV-XIV. The aperture of the 1.35 aperture 134 defines a suction field 49 on the perforated surface 38.

Into the recesses 34 of the support body 6 an upper annular suction slot 137 formed in the lid 14 and a lower annular suction slot 138 provided at the bottom 65 of the recess 34 are formed, the two slots connected to the external environment at the surface level of the perforated surface 38 and their the arc length is substantially equal to the circumferential length of the tapered portion 51 of the suction field 49.

The air jets shown by arrows 139, 140 are generated by the pressure drop (FIG. 14).

The largest aperture width 134 corresponds to the width L of the base portion 50 of the suction field 49, with the converging edges 135a of the cutout 135 defining a tapering portion 51 and parallel edges 135b on the suction field 49 an end portion 52 of the writing field 49.

In this case, the shaped nozzle of the suction nozzle is not positioned in the cavity of the circulating carrier 37 as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, but air is drawn from this cavity through the entire cross-section of the cylinder 39 through the aperture 134.

The filaments are deposited by applying a suction field to the base portion 50 in the width L, the tapering portions 51 being laterally formed or formed laterally. they move into the fiber beard by the side air streams shown by arrows 139, 140 and through the end portion 52 of the suction field into a strip in which the fibers are already fixed in a densified form. In this case, the fiber formation is formed into the fiber beard symmetrically with respect to the central circumferential circle (not shown) of the cylinder 39.

It is therefore clear that the lateral force Q on the fibers is more effective in this case. A relatively short section of the periphery of the perforated surface 38 and hence a shorter suction field 49 is sufficient to detect the displacement of the fibers. It is preferable to select an arc length of the annular suction slots 137, 138 oriented at the periphery of the perforated surface 38 at least 1.2 times the average length of the spun fibers. . The width of the suction slots can be very small. It can essentially correspond to the diameter of the perforation 40 of the perforated surface 38.

Giant. 16 shows an axial section through a perforated surface 38, guided by the tapered portion 51 of the suction field 49. The neck 48 of the suction nozzle 44 defines the dimensional width of the suction field 49 in the section plane. The arrangement of the suction slots 137, 138 is identical to that of FIGS. 13 and 14.

Giant. 17 shows a variant of the suction field 49 in axial section through the surface 38. In this case, the suction field 49 is arranged around the entire circumference of the perforated surface 38 so that air is sucked through the entire surface.

The recess 34 in the support body 6 again opens to the upper annular suction slot 137 and the lower annular suction slot 138, through which the air streams shown by arrows 139, 140 are drawn from the outside to form fibers fed to the perforated surface 38 into the fiber beard. In this case, the displacement effect is greater with respect to the larger lateral suction forces Q generated by the greater number of apertures of the perforation of the perforated surface 38. Therefore, the arc length of the suction slots 137, 138 can also be very short. This embodiment does not exhibit a locally defined suction field on the perforated surface, but under the effect of side air streams the fibers move from the entire width L to a narrow area on the perforated surface 38 on which they are fixed by the suction effect. A high transfer force is technologically desirable, but it is not the most energy-efficient.

Giant. 18 shows a variant of the means for defining the suction field on the perforated surface 38. In this case, the orifice 134 has an asymmetrical shape, shown partially in FIG. 19 in the deployed state, where the corresponding widths L and L _z are also shown. The recess 34 in the support body 6 is connected in the region of the lateral displacement of the fibers, i.e. in the region of the tapered portion 51 of the suction field 49 by only the upper annular suction slot 137 to the external environment.

the oblique edge 141 of the aperture 134 'defines the tapered portion 51 and the horizontal edge 142 an end portion 52 on the suction field. The side air flow shown by arrow 139 exerts a one-sided displacement effect on the fibers which are then fixed to the suction field strip at the lower edge of the perforated surface 38. ⁱⁿ this case, the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into the fibrous beard asymmetrically with respect to the central circumferential circle of the cylindrical perforated surface.

Certain other variations are also obvious in which a desirable displacement effect of the fibers on the perforated surface, due to the suction effect of the suction field itself or in interaction with the shaped suction nozzle and / or orifice, can be achieved.

In the exemplary embodiment of the spinning unit of FIG. 1, the comb roller 33 is attached to the perforated surface 38 in the connection channel 33, which means that the fibers are controlled by contact with at least one of these elements on the path between these elements. 13 and 20, according to which the comb roller 9 is offset from the perforated surface 38. In this case, the connecting channel 33 forms a conveying channel 143 oriented substantially in a tangential direction to the surface of the combing roller 2 and to the cylindrical surface 39 of the circulating carrier 37. The depth of the conveying channel 143 corresponds to the width of the combing roller 9 and the same width. The width V of the conveying channel 143 is either constant over its entire length (FIG. 20) or narrows continuously from the comb roller 2 to the circulating carrier 37 (not shown).

The formed yarn P twisted in the sense of the arrow 22 * ^is pulled against the direction of movement of the perforated surface 32 * shown by the arrow 38, through the pin 144 through the discharge channel 40. The pin 144 is formed of a suitable abrasion-resistant material, for example syncorundum.

It is preferred that the side wall of the recess 34 is offset from the perforated surface 38 in certain sections. Giant. 21 shows the offset 145 (FIG. 22) arranged in the region corresponding to the base portion 50 and the tapered portion 51 of the suction field 49. It is also preferred that the offset 145 narrows smoothly and returns to the original offset at a location corresponding to the beginning of the end portion 52 of the suction field 49.

It is also expedient to provide a groove 147 in the side wall of the recess 34 (FIG. 23), in the region of the end portion 52 of the suction field 49, which extends through the pin 144 to the yarn discharge channel 60 and passes through the rear edge into the discharge channel 148. a support body 6 and connected to a continuous exhaust duct 46 (not shown) by means (not shown) (FIG. 1).

The groove 147 is characterized in that it is longer than the average staple length of the spun fibers in an arc measure. Therefore, it is between the discharge channel 60 and the exclusion channel

148 circumferential displacement. The discharge channel 148 can be used for the removal of impurities 149 and for the piecing process. The purpose of the above embodiment is to provide a free space above the fibers at the end portion for twisting the end of the yarn P while bundling the fibers into the yarn. Turning the yarn end in the groove space has the advantage of lesser yarn resistance when twists from the twist device 6 towards the open end, thereby achieving less loss of twist (see Examples 1 and 2). It is also an advantage that impurities that have not been released previously are eliminated from the fibers when the yarn end is rotated and led through the groove space 147 to the exclusion channel 148 outside the yarn being formed.

In forming the yarn, the fiber beard is pulled away from the perforated surface 38 in a direction opposite to its movement and is wrapped by the narrowest tip portion - a ribbon - onto the rotating open end of the yarn. The term oppositely means that said fibrous formation withdraws from the perforated surface at an acute angle, preferably tangentially, with respect to the end portion 52 of the suction field £ 9 (FIG. 1), via the guide £ 9. 21 in the case where the twisting device is not directly said conductor, but in the direction of withdrawal of the fiber beard from the end portion 52. According to FIG. 21, the yarn formed is withdrawn from the suction field through a pin 144 which in this case embodies the conductor 52 and the twisting device (not shown) twists, the purpose of which is shown in arrow 89.

It can be seen from FIG. 21 that the formed yarn withdraws from the end portion 52 of the suction field 49 at a very small angle, wherein the yarn withdrawal angle from the pin 144 is already substantially greater.

The embodiment of the orbiting carrier 37 of the perforated surface 38 may be other than the thin-walled cylinder 39 shown in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 24, the combing roller 9 with the working tines 10 is attached to the circulating carrier 37 in the form of a truncated cone 150 with a perforated surface 38.

Inside the truncated cone 150, a suction nozzle (not shown) is provided, forming a dashed suction field 49 on a perforated surface 38, comprising a base portion 50 whose width L corresponds to the width of the functional surface of the combing roller j), tapering portion 51 and end portion 52 arranged on the invisible portion of the truncated cone 150, along the edge of its base.

The drawn yarn P passes through a 2-twisting device (not shown) which twists the yarn by twisting as shown by the arrow 89.

The axis of rotation 151 of the combing roller 2 ^{and the axis of} rotation 152 of the truncated cone 150 are variable. The drive and bearing of these functional members are not shown to simplify the figure.

A second variant of the form of the circulating carrier 37 is shown in FIG. 25. In this case, the perforated surface 38 is provided on the circulating carrier 37 in the form of a thin-walled disc 153 to which a combing roller 6 is disposed. 153. The neck of a suction nozzle (not shown) attached to the underside of the disc 153 forms a dashed suction field 49 on the upper surface, comprising a base portion 50, a tapered portion 51 and an end portion 52. The direction of rotation of the disc 153 is indicated by arrow. The bearing and drive of the disc 153 and the combing roller 8 are not described and illustrated in detail, since they are not essential to understanding this variant.

A third variant of the form of the orbiting carrier 37 is shown in FIG. 26. The orbiting carrier 37 is formed by an endless belt 155 with a perforated surface 38 moving in the direction of arrow 43 to one of the branches 156 with a combing roller 9. Adjacent to the inner surface of the endless belt 155 is a suction nozzle (not shown) which forms a suction field 49 shown in a dashed line on the perforated surface 38. ^To simplify the illustration, the drive and bearing of the endless belt 155 and the combing roller 9 are not shown.

A fourth variant of the circulating carrier is shown in FIGS. 27 and 28. The circulating carrier 37 is formed by a thin-walled ring 157 with a perforated surface 38, to the inner surface of which a combing roller 4 of the opener device 4 is mounted.

157. The support and drive of the ring 157 and the opener device 6, which are not described or illustrated in detail, are provided by known means (not shown).

A segment shaped suction nozzle 44 is attached to the outer surface of the perforated surface 38

158, connected via line 45 to a vacuum source (not shown). The shaped mouth 48 of the suction nozzle 44 forms on the perforated surface 38 a suction field 39, shown in broken lines in Fig. 28, which represents a portion of the perforated surface 38 in the deployed shape. *

The yarn P (FIGS. 24 to 27), drawn from the end portion 52 of the suction field 49 via a conductor (not shown) of the respective embodiment, opposite to the movement of the perforated surface 38, is twisted in a not shown twist device.

The fourth variant (Figs. 27, 28) differs from the other embodiments in that the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed on a perforated surface 38 provided on the inner surface of the ring 157 and withdraws through a conductor (not shown), which may be, for example.

All the variants of the solution shown in FIGS. 24 to 28 have the common features, in particular, that:

- the fibers of the fiber sliver 128 are united and deposited in the form of individual fibers V on the perforated surface 38 with which they move in the direction of the arrow 43 by the action of the tines 10 of the combing roller 8 rotating in the direction of arrow 11,

during this joint movement of the fibers V and the perforated surface 38, the fibers on this surface are displaced, respectively. they form transversely with respect to the direction of their movement so that the fibers gradually densify as they move through the tapered portion 51 and the end portion 52 of the suction field 49.

In particular, the sets of forces acting on the fibers in the suction field 49 are different in these variants.

In the basic embodiment of the spinning unit (Fig. 1), force is applied to the fibers in two basic force systems. The fibers are subjected to a radial suction force S of the suction field which fixes the fibers on the perforated surface. This force S is counteracted by a radial centrifugal force F. If the suction force S is substantially greater than the centrifugal force F, then the first force assembly comprises a lateral suction force Q, against which the frictional force T acts. However, if the suction force S is substantially equal to the centrifugal force F, the frictional force will be close to zero (T— ^ 0) and only the lateral suction force £ will be applied for the displacement of the fibers.

In the variant of FIG. 24, a system of forces acts at one edge of the tapered portion 51 than at the other edge of the region on the same surface line of the frustoconical casing 150. In the periphery of the tapered region 51, spatially closer to the axis of rotation 152 forces:

- a suction force S perpendicular to the perforated surface 38,

- a pneumatic lateral force 2 in the direction of the surface line in the tapered portion 51,

- friction force T against the direction of lateral suction force Q,

the centrifugal force component F * into the surface line in the direction of the surface line in the tapered portion 51.

In the edge of the tapered portion 51, spatially further from the axis of rotation of the truncated cone 150 of the perforated surface 38, forces are applied:

- a suction force S perpendicular to the perforated surface 38,

- the pneumatic suction force Q in the direction of the surface line in the tapered portion 51,

- friction force T against the direction of lateral force 2 *

- the centrifugal force component shall be F /> P '.

P P

to the surface line against the direction of the lateral suction force 2 · In principle

It follows that the displacement of the fibers is easier in the direction from the proximal edge of the tapered portion 51 to the axis of rotation 152 of the truncated cone 150 to the other edge, where it is sufficient to create only pneumatic holding forces to maintain the original position of the fibers on the suction field 49 (FIG. 24) . For these reasons, it is also advantageous to provide the suction field 49 unilaterally tapering to an edge farther from said axis of rotation 152.

In the variant of FIG. 25, similarly different sets of forces act at the proximal and distal edges of the suction field 49 to the axis of rotation 154 of the disc 153 as the orbiting carrier 37 of the perforated surface 38. , their senses always act against each other inside the suction field. For centrifugal forces F platí applies, the force F 'acting perpendicular to the lateral suction force 2 ^{and the} force £ opposite to the direction of the lateral suction force 2 at the respective edge of the suction field 49. ^{For the} same reasons it is advantageous to create a suction field tapering unilaterally 154 discs 153.

In the variant of FIG. 26, the same force assembly acts on each edge of the suction field 49 when the tapered portion 51 tapers symmetrically.

If the area is unsymmetrical (Fig. 26), there is a force at one edge:

- a pressing suction force S perpendicular to the plane of the perforated surface 38,

- a lateral suction force Q directed in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the endless belt 155 shown by the arrow 43,

- a friction force T directed against the direction of force Q.

In the variant of FIGS. 27, 28, at each edge of the tapered portion 51 of the same force assembly, the tapered portion 51 is tapered symmetrically. If the area is unsymmetrical, it acts at one edge of the force:

- a suction force S> and a centrifugal force F, both facing perpendicular to the perforated surface 38,

- a lateral suction force Q oriented in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the ring 157 shown by the arrow 43,

- the friction force T facing the direction of the lateral suction force Q.

Of course, in all the variations of FIGS. 24 to 28, the force Q can be generated by the side streams described above, the resultant forces causing transverse and / or lateral forces. lateral displacement of fibers.

Multi-component yarns, in particular core yarns, wrapped yarns or combined yarns, can be produced on the spinning unit by simple additional means. Giant. 29 shows a spinning unit provided with means for forming core yarn PJ.

A guide channel 159 is inserted into the recess 34 in the support body 6, beyond the end of the end portion 52 of the suction field 49, in the sense of rotation of the perforated surface 3.8 shown by arrow 43, into which a pin 160 of abrasion-resistant material, in particular a support body in the region of the mouth of the guide channel 159 into the recesses 34.

Core core component J, for example, synthetic monofilament, yarn, silk, tape, and the like, unwound from the master spool 161, is fed by pulling the puller 4 through guide channel 159 through pin 160, upstream of perforated surface 38, to end portion 52 of suction field 49. By the action of the spinning device (not shown), the yarn formed together with the core component J is twisted in the sense of arrow 89, thereby capturing and wrapping the fibers occurring at the end portion 52 of the suction field 49 around the core component J. The device is provided with a temporary false twist, which is, however, partially lost in the stretched core yarn section. Twisting in the core is advantageously used in some core materials, such as yarn, to increase the contact between the core and the fiber surface layer, thereby obtaining a position-stable core yarn structure.

If it is technologically desirable to perform a partial elimination of false twists already in the torsion section, the core component J can be retracted laterally from the master coil 161, or rotated by known means (not shown) in the direction of arrow 162 symmetrical to the twist. core yarn PJ.

The core component can be introduced into the spinning process spontaneously, without tension, braked with prestressing, but also at a higher speed than the withdrawal speed of the core yarn, thereby achieving different structures of the effect yarns. By feeding the core component in advance, loops emerge from the yarn body, which for the most part of its length has a core structure characterized by a core covered by the fibers.

By using an elastic core component, such as rubber thread, it is possible to produce fiber-threaded rubber thread suitable for a number of specialized textile products. In this case, it is advantageous to feed the rubber thread very early in advance, for example by means of the feed rollers 163 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 29.

Giant. 29 also includes an embodiment for manufacturing a core yarn with two core components

J, J 'unwound from the master spools 161, 161'. The core component J 'is fed to the end portion 52 of the suction field 49 through a further guide channel 159' through a pin 160 '. In this way, it is possible to obtain a special core structure with an absolutely position-stable coating layer, suitable preferably for technical purposes, in particular for the manufacture of cords and the like.

Giant. 30 illustrates an arrangement of a spinning unit for producing wrapped yarn PO. The twisting device 2 consists of a pair of rollers 70 ', 71', of which the roller 71 'is provided with a peripheral groove 164 into which the wrapping thread component of the same or different color is fed either directly from the master spool 161 or via a brake 165. to achieve a loop effect on the yarn, the wrapping thread component 0 can be fed in advance by passing through the peripheral groove 164 alternately in contact with the groove bottom surface and freely.

In order to meet the special requirements, it is possible to produce, by essentially the same means, combined yarns, i.e. alternately core yarns and twisted yarns.

The spinning unit according to the invention also makes it possible to produce multi-component yarn structures. This category includes yarns in which, for example, one cotton fiber component forms the surface portion of the yarn, while the other PES fiber component is embedded in the inner part of the yarn. In the production of yarns of this type, two materially different fiber strands are fed either parallel to the feed roller or are fed separately to the combing roller by a pair of feeders attached to the combing roller.

In the first case (FIG. 31), two partial fiber strands 128a, 128b are fed simultaneously by the feed roller 7 to the combing roller 9. The two fibrous materials carried in a separate arrangement on the surface of the combing roller 9 switch to a partially shown perforated a surface 38 moving in the direction of the arrow 43.

Desired multi-component yarn structures can be formed on this perforated surface 38 by suitably selecting the shape of the suction field. For this purpose, the shape of the suction field 49 of FIG. 6 is particularly advantageous, in which a longitudinal fibrous formation from a basic width equal to the width L of the base portion 50 of the suction field 49 is formed into a fibrous beard VB having a wedge portion. 166, passing into the ribbon 133, whereby the two fiber components separate into the ribbon during the densification process. In the upper narrower portion 133 'of the ribbon 133, the fiber strand fibers 128a are collected, and in the lower, wider portion 133 of the fiber strand fiber strands 128b. Twisting of the ribbon 133 in the sense of the arrow 22 &apos; drawn from the perforated surface 38 against the direction of its movement as shown by the arrow 43 creates a multi-component yarn PV.

'These variations make it possible to create yarns and make them by weaving or knitting products of unusual properties. For example, ba / POPs combinations are preferred in which the surface of the POPs yarn drains moisture into a cotton core capable of binding this volume of moisture. The multi-component yarn structures can be used to process low-value raw materials, with the worse raw material concealed in the core, while the surface is made of a higher quality raw material.

Giant. 32 illustrates the production of multi-component yarns from two partial fiber strands 128a, 128b fed to the feed roller 2 of the opener device 2 in parallel.

Giant. 33 shows an embodiment of the mating device 2, with a variant of the twisting device

2. The circulating carrier 37 is in this case formed by a cylinder 39 'which is wider than the cylinder 39 in FIG. 12. The right portion of the cylinder housing 39' is formed by a perforated surface 22 while the left portion by the friction surface 167. a suction nozzle 44, the shaped mouth of which defines on the perforated surface 38 a suction field 49 formed by a base portion (not shown), a tapered portion 51 and an end portion 52. ^A friction roller 168, not shown the longitudinal axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 39 '(not shown). The direction of rotation of the friction roller 168 shown by the arrow 169 is the same as the direction of rotation of the roller 39 'shown by the arrow 3; ⁱⁿ this case the friction surface 167 of the roller 39' together with the friction roller 168 forms a twisting device 31. 59 for withdrawing the formed yarn P from the suction field 49.

He did

Production of 20 tex cotton yarn with twist factor alpha ₂ ^ ₃ = 80, required yarn production speed is v = 300 m.min

Two 2x3 500 tex cotton strands, customary for rotor spinning, are presented.

Yarn twist 1,086 m!, Yarn diameter d = 0.202 mm, yarn circumference 0 = 0.635 mm. Practically in the case of cotton yarn, up to 18% loss of twist in the spinning device due to the resistance of the end preventing the residual twist of the yarn, therefore, to achieve the desired twist, the number of twists Z '= 384 444 per minute must be entered.

Given functional parameters of the spinning unit:

feed roller diameter - - D _pv = 35 mm, combing roller diameter - - D _vv = 75 mm, perforated area diameter 38 - D = 75 mm, twisting roller diameter 70, 71 - D _z = 35 mm.

The peripheral velocity of the twisting rollers, with respect to the peripheral velocity of the yarn νθ = 244,12 m.min ” ¹ and at a practical slip of 8%, is 263,9 m.min ¹ and corresponds to the twisting rollers speed n = 2,400 min” ¹ .

Vol

The total feed of the fibrous material in the spinning unit of 350 corresponds to the feed roller speed v - - 0.857 m.min ¹ . Due to the effect of the air sucked in by the suction field 49 of the circulating carrier 37 acting to remove the fibers from the combing roller coating when the combing roller is attached to the perforated surface 38, the fibers can be scanned even at a relatively low circumferential speed of the combing roller. Practically proven modes combing roller speed _vv n = 4 000-4 500 rpm ^{the first}

This low peripheral speed of 15.7 to 17.6 ms ¹ allows the fibers to be maximally conserved in the unifying process in which there is almost no shortening or other damage to the fibers.

To achieve the desired straightening of the fibers, and a slight further refinement of the fiber flow it is preferable peripheral speed of the circulating carrier 37 be higher than the peripheral speed of the combing roller £., And practically proven mode when the peripheral speed of the perforated surface is at least about 1 ms, ^one higher than the peripheral speed of the combing roller, so that when the speed of the combing roller nyv = 4000 min ¹ speed will perforated surface IPA = 4252 min ^'1.

Impulse forces derived from the change in the momentum of the fibers provide for achieving the advantageous migration effects in the formed yarn. If the momentum Ή of the fiber of mass m _{v is} moving in the fibrous formation on the perforated area = = 16.7 m _v and the momentum of the fiber caught by the yarn end 3 '= -5 m _v , then the impulse of force Ft = = / 16.7 - ( -5) / = 21,7 m _v · When time t_ is at most equal to the time required to run the maximum fiber length around the end of the yarn, then at a fiber length of 24 mm it can at most be t = 0.002 s. in the sense of the speed of the perforated surface, i.e. against the movement of the drawn yarn, it is 0.058 mN.

Thus, it is sufficient axial force in each fiber that creates a substantial condition for the advantageous interconnection of the fiber in the yarn body before twisting. However, the level of this force is of the order of magnitude from the fiber strength, for example in the case of inferior cotton the fiber strength is 25 mN. .

Example 2

Production of coarser yarn PESs 50 tex, alpha ₂ y ₃ ^e 85, from a sliver of 7,000 tex, with the same geometric dimensions of the functional members as in Example 1.

Combing roller speed 9 - n = 5,000 min ¹ , ”” - i Perforated surface speed 38 - n₽ ^ = 5,000 min, Twisting roller speed 70, 71 - n _zv = 2,400 min ¹ , peripheral speed 263,9 m .min “ ¹ .

Yarn twist 626 m ¹ , yarn diameter 0.319 mm and yarn circumference 1.00 mm.

The peripheral velocity of the yarn νθ = 242.78 m.min ¹ at 8% slip, corresponds to the number of twists of the inserted yarn per minute of 2,442,780.

Practically with the PESs of yarn, there is a 32% loss of twist in the spinning device, so that the production, i.e. the draw-off speed, is 300 m.min ¹ .

The puff 140 corresponds to the speed of the feed roller 7 in the value of n _py = 19.5 min ^-1 . If the fiber fineness is 0.28 tex, there are 178.57 fibers in the yarn cross-section.

If the perimeter of the perforated surface is decomposed within 1 s into 24 mm lengths corresponding to the length of the fibers, 16.7 / 0.024 = 695.8 is obtained.

The spinning device spins 5 m of yarn in a _Qdt = 300 m.min ^{1 for 1} second. There are 37,202 fibers in these five meters. When these fibers decompose into 695.8 sections, the number of fibers in the cross-section of the fiber formation is 53.46. Then the fiber formation is 178.57 / 53.46 = 3.34 times finer than the final yarn. This means that the fibers formed from the fiber formation into the yarn are equally multiplied in the formed end.

Due to the indicated technological parameters of the spinning device, it is necessary to create a suction field on the perforation, whose force overcomes both the centrifugal force acting on the fibers and, on the other hand, causes sufficient air flow for efficient displacement of the fiber during the densification process.

The centrifugal force F can be calculated from:

D pi.n ~

F = m _in “P (- _3Q ^PP Г = 0.000 286 2 N

In order to fix the filament to the perforated surface 38, it is necessary to provide suction forces which would compensate for the calculated centrifugal force. If the transverse projection of the fiber, characterized by a length of 0.024 m and a thickness of 0.015.10 m, has an area f = 0.000 000 36 m, then the compensation pressure can be calculated from the relation p «F / f = 79.5 Pa.

Perforation with a bore of 0.5 to 0.7 mm has proven to be practical, and the permeability of the perforated surface, i.e. the ratio of the surface to the surface of the holes, should not exceed 10. Therefore, in this case only one tenth of the fiber projection area under the force field and therefore the pressure p should be increased to p '= 795 Pa.

The pressure p exerted by the difference between the pressure in the suction nozzle 44 and the pressure of the external environment is sufficient to move the fibers and fix them. However, its level can be increased to achieve a higher air flow and thus to achieve a higher accelerating force component

Q = kc, where k is the filament drag coefficient for transverse air flow and c = transverse air speed. Even the tolerable vacuum limit is of the order of magnitude higher than p7, i.e. about 8,000 Pa, when the spinning device flows through about 4.5 l.s ^-1 and the pneumatic power still reaches an acceptable value of 36 Js ^-1 , i.e. 36 W. is the upper limit of the power consumption for the fiber transport and densification operation in a 60W fiber beard. When the 35 W spinning is consumed per rotation of the perforated area 38 and 25 W for the twisting rollers 70, 21 'P ^and 120 W total power compared to the spinning 80,000 rpm rotor, which according to literary sources for comparable operations, ie. the combination, densification and twisting consumes a power of 130-150 W, very favorable, but the production of the spinning device according to the invention is, for example, _{4.2 times the} yarn fineness T _fcex = 20 tex compared to the rotor spinning system.

However, this increase in production can be even higher, since, as indicated by the calculations, there is no physical limit at = 300 m / min. Conversely, for example, with an increase in production, for example to νθ ^ = 500 m.min ^{1, the} respective momentum component V increases, and also the impulse force preferably increases to intensify the migration phenomena.

Obviously, in particular, the opener device will be burdened with a larger fiber passage. This problem can easily be solved by increasing the width of the combing roller 2 ^{and by} extending the length of the tapered portion 51 of the suction field 49 on the equally wide perforated surface 38 for the densification operation.

Claims (54)

An open-end yarn spinning process, wherein the filaments are fed to a stationary suction field of a perforated surface of a circulating carrier, on which the suction field forms a longitudinal fiber formation drawn from the suction field and rolled to the open end of the yarn twisted to the right twisted and wound into a spool, characterized in that the longitudinal fibrous formation on the perforated surface is formed by passing through the suction field regions into a fiber beard tapering from its largest width at the point of transfer of the fibers to the suction field into the tip portion, then wrapped with the tip portion to the open end of the yarn, diverts from the perforated surface against the direction of its movement and twists. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip portion is formed into a ribbon shape. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into a fiber beard symmetrically with respect to the central circumferential circle of the circulating cylinder-shaped support. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into the fibrous beard asymmetrically with respect to the central circumferential circle of the orbiting cylinder-shaped support. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the tip portion is formed into a ribbon shape oriented at one of the edges of the perforated surface. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the tip portion is formed into a ribbon having a length at least equal to the median length of the staple of the spun fibers. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into a fibrous beard by a suction field. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into the fibrous beard additionally by an air stream directed towards the surface of the fibrous beard formed at least one edge of the perforated surface transversely to the direction of movement thereof. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the longitudinal fibrous formation is formed into a fibrous beard by an infinite suction field and air streams directed towards the surface of the fibrous beard formed from the edges of the perforated surface transversely to the direction of movement thereof. 10. A method according to claim 8, wherein the air streams act on the longitudinal fibrous formation in a section that corresponds to the length of the tapered portion of the fibrous beard. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the longitudinal fiber formation is formed into a fiber beard by a suction field and additionally by centrifugal force. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one niece component twisted with the formed yarn into the core yarn is fed to the tip portion of the fibrous beard. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein at least one core liner component is fed to the tip portion of the fibrous beard at a rate equal to that of the perforated surface. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein at least one core yarn component is fed to the tip portion of the fibrous beard at a rate different from that of the perforated surface. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one winding component of the yarn twisted with the yarn is fed to the winding yarn. 16. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction field is fed with a flow of united fibers removed from the combing roller at a speed at least equal to its peripheral speed. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the filament flow is narrowed spatially in front of the suction field region. 18. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising an opener device, an adjoining device adjoining the opener device and having a rotating perforated surface carrier and a suction nozzle connected to a vacuum source and generating a suction field on the perforated surface. and a winding device, characterized in that the circulating support (37) of the perforated surface (38) is associated with molding means for forming a longitudinal fiber formation on the suction field (49) into a fiber beard (VB) tapering from its largest width at feeding the fibers to the suction field (49) into the spike portion (132) and the conductor (59) for discharging the twisted yarn (P) from the suction field (49) in the opposite direction to the movement of the perforated surface (38). Apparatus according to Claim 18, characterized in that the conductor (59) is positioned in an extension of the tangential plane to the orbiting carrier (37) of the perforated surface (38) in the region of the tip portion (132) to tangentially draw the yarn (P) from the suction. field (49). Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the conductor (59) forms a discharge channel (60) for discharging the yarn (P) from the suction field (49). Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the conductor (59) forms the inlet of the twisting device (3). Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that a revolving roller (9) is assigned to the circulating carrier (37), associated closely but non-contacting to the perforated surface (38) in the region of the beginning of the suction field (49). (9) is opposite to the sense of movement of the perforated surface (38) at the fitting point. Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the circulating carrier (37) is a cylinder (39). Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the circulating carrier (37) is truncated cone (150). Apparatus according to Claim 18, characterized in that the circulating carrier (37) is a disc (153). is created is created is created Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the circulating carrier (37) is formed by an endless belt (155). Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the molding means forms a suction field (49) tapering in the direction of movement of the perforated surface (38). Apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the suction field (49) is formed on the perforated surface (38) by a shaped neck (48) of the suction nozzle (44) associated with the inner side of the perforated surface (38). Apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the suction field (49) passes from its base part (50), whose width (L) is at least as large as the functional width (L 4) of the combing roller (9), into a tapering a portion (51) terminating in an end portion (52) whose width (L ₂ ) is several times smaller than the width (L) of the base portion (50) of the suction field (49). Device according to Claim 29, characterized in that the end portion (52) is formed by a strip (53). Device according to claim 29, characterized in that the suction field (49) passes from its base part (50) to the end part (52) symmetrically with respect to the central circumferential circle (54) of the cylinder (39) as a circulating carrier (37). ) perforated surfaces (38). Device according to claim 29, characterized in that the suction field (49) passes from its base part (50) to the end part (52) asymmetrically with respect to the central circumferential circle (54) of the cylinder (39) as a circulating carrier (37). ) perforated surfaces (38). Device according to Claim 29, characterized in that the tapered portion (51) of the suction field (49) is formed by a tongue (55). Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the tapered portion (51) of the suction field (49) is formed by a wedge (57) extending into a strip (53) arranged at one of the edges (58) of the cylinder (39) as circulating. perforated surface carriers (37). Apparatus according to items 30 and 34, characterized in that the length of the strip (53) is at least equal to the median length of the staple of the spun fibers. Device according to Claim 23, characterized in that the roller (39) is rotatably mounted in a recess (34) of the stationary support body (6) surrounding the side wall (32) with a tightly but non-contact perforated surface (38) and an interconnecting channel (33) into a further recess (12) in which the combing roller (9) is rotatably mounted and which passes into a yarn discharge channel (60), at the mouth of which a twisting device inlet (3) adjoins, the narrowest point ( 61) between the perforated surface (38) and the inner wall of the discharge channel (60) is situated in the region of the end portion (52) of the suction field (49). Device according to Claim 36, characterized in that the connecting channel (33) is defined by a trip edge (35) and a separation edge (36). Device according to Claim 36, characterized in that the two recesses (34, 12) and the connection channel (33) are covered end-to-end with a lid (14) of the support body (6), thereby creating a functional space separate from the external environment. 39. Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that the lid (14) of the supporting body (6) is provided aperture (134) extending into the cavity of the revolving carrier (37) of a cylindrical shape (39) and forming on the perforated surface (38) ₍ suction field (49). Device according to Claim 18, characterized in that the molding means comprise both a suction field (49) tapering in the direction of movement of the perforated surface (38) and a lower annular suction slot (138) provided in the bottom (65) of the recess (65). 34) of a support body (6) in which a rotating cylindrical support (37) and / or an upper annular suction slot (137) is rotatably supported in a cover (14) of the support body (6), wherein the annular suction the slot (137; 138) whose arc length corresponds to the length of the tapered portion (51) of the suction field (49) lies on the lateral extension of the perforated surface (38). Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the molding means comprise both an infinite suction field (49) and a lower annular suction slot (138) provided in the bottom (65) of the recess (34) of the support body (6), a rotating support (37) in the form of a cylinder (39) and an upper annular suction slot (137) provided in the lid (14) of the support body (6) are rotatably supported, the two annular suction slots (137, 138) having an arc length corresponding to length the tapered portions (51) of the suction field (49) lie on the lateral extension of the perforated surface (38). Device according to Claim 22, characterized in that the peripheral speed of the combing roller (9) is at most equal to the speed of the perforated surface (38). 43. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the length of the bonding channel (33) is selected such that the comb roller (9) is offset from the circulating carrier (37) to a length greater than the average staple length of the spun fibers. 44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the width of the bonding channel (33) decreases in the flow direction of the fibrous material. 45. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the roller (39) has a concave profile shell. 46. The device of claim 45, wherein the concave profile forms a wedge (67). Device according to Claim 23, characterized in that the roller (39) has a guide groove (68) in the region of the central circumferential circle. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that at least one guide channel (159, 159) for supplying the core component (40) opens into the side wall (32) of the recess (34) in the region of the tapered portion (51) of the suction field (49). J). 49. The apparatus of claim 21 having a twisting device formed by a pair of symmetrically rotating twisting rollers, characterized in that a circumferential groove (164) for the winding thread component (0) is provided in one of the twisting cylinders (70 ', 71'). Device according to Claim 36, characterized in that the discharge channel (60) passes on the opposite side with respect to its mouth into a coaxial suction channel (62) connected via a control flap (63) to a continuous channel (46). The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the suction channel (62) has a larger flow cross section than the discharge channel (60). Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that a suction vent (66) opens into the side wall (32) of the recess (34) immediately in front of the trip edge (35). Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the circulating carrier (37) is formed by a ring (157) with a perforated surface (38) provided on its inner surface to which the combing roller (9) of the opener device (1) is attached. arranged inside the ring (157), the suction nozzle (44) being attached to the outer surface of the perforated surface (38). 54. Apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the twisting means (3) comprises either a friction surface (167) of the circulating carrier J37) which passes into a perforated surface (38) and by the friction roller (168) just _e but noncontact surface-mount to a friction surface (167) whose rotation direction coincides with that of the perforated surface (38).