CS263494B1 - Method of substances' thermophysical properties complex determination - Google Patents
Method of substances' thermophysical properties complex determination Download PDFInfo
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- CS263494B1 CS263494B1 CS856306A CS630685A CS263494B1 CS 263494 B1 CS263494 B1 CS 263494B1 CS 856306 A CS856306 A CS 856306A CS 630685 A CS630685 A CS 630685A CS 263494 B1 CS263494 B1 CS 263494B1
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Abstract
Účelem řešení je zvýšení přesností určení termofyzikálních charakteristik materiálu a zkráoení doby měření. Způsob spočívá v tom, že sonda se ohřívá nad počáteční teplotu zkoumaného tělqsa, přikládá se na povrch tělesa, měří se v určené časové momenty okamžité hodnoty neustáleného tepelného proudu, postupující do tělesa. Sonda se po jeho umístění na těleso ohřívá podle integrálně-diferenoiálního zákona, fixuje se rychlost změny tepelného, proudu v čase v momentu dosažení poloviny maximální hodnoty tepelného proudu, fixuje se maximální tepelný proud a maximální rychlost zmenšení proudu v čase. Podle získaných údajů se posuzuje kontaktní teplotně závislý odpor, teplotně závislý odpor a tepelná kapacita materiálu.The solution is to increase accuracy determination of thermophysical characteristics material and shortening the measurement time. Way is that the probe is heated above the initial the temperature of the body to be examined, it is applied the surface of the body is measured in the intended time moments of instantaneous unsteady thermal current advancing into the body. The probe is placed on the body after it is placed heats by integrally-differential of the law, the rate of change of thermal current at the time of reaching half maximum value of thermal current, fixes with maximum heat current and maximum speed reducing the current over time. According to acquired contact temperature is assessed dependent resistance, temperature dependent resistance a material heat capacity.
Description
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CnocoQ ocymecTBJíaeTCH cjienywmHM oSpaaoM. K nnocKOMy ynacTKy HccJienyeMoro Tena 3 npracHMaioT κοΗτβκτΗοβ noBepxHocTbjo3oh# 1, npe^BapHTenbHo HarpeTbiň Ha 10~20 K Bbnne Hanam.Hoň TeMnepaTypw MaTe-pnajia, η .Η3Μβρίποτ nepe3 paBHbie προΜβχγτκΗ T BpeMeHH μγηοβθηημθ 3HaneHHB He-ycTaHOBHBmerocH τθπποβογο ποτοκη H, onpeflejunoT Texymee οτκποηθηηθ e(tiT) οτyCTaHOBHBffleroCH 3HaneHHH πο φορΜγπβ e(nT) = H - H(j + 0,5GRK - H2 (1) Πο φορΜγηβΜ ΗΗΤβΓρβηΒΗΟ-ΛΗφφβρβΗΗΗΒΠΒΗΟΓΟ 3aKOHa peryJIHpOBaHHH paCCTHTbl-|Ba«jT ynpaBJíHiomHň cuman y(nT) y(nT) - x(nT) + e(nT) !r«e x(nT) ~ e'5Tx/(n - 1)T) + ----- (1 - e-ST)e((n - 1)T) s *
Z H S ~ napaMeTpbl φΗΠΒΤρε ΗΗΤΘΓρβΙϋΗΟ-ΑΗφφερβΗΠΗβσίΒΗΟΓΟ 3aKOHa peryJIHpOBaHHH í c nepeflaTonHoň φγΗκυκεβ -EÍ-- e“4 1 P+a. p - nepeMeHHaa npeo6pa3OBaHHH Jlannaca, e-’ ynpaBJíaioniíiň chthhji y(nT) noflaroT npn onepenHoM H3MepeHHH. Ha Bxofl ycHHHTe-J1H 7 MOmHOCTH pe3HCTHBHOrO ΗΗΓρβΒβΤβΙΜ 4 3OHfla J. BbWHCJIHJOT ΤΘΜΠ Η3ΜβΗβΗΗ«BO. BpeMeHH Η (H C TOWKOfl) , ΜΓΗΟΒβΗΗγΚ) BeJIHHHHy H4 ΚΟΤΟΡΟΓΟ φΗΚΟΗΡΥΙΟΤ flJIHMOMeHTa BpeMeHH, xorfla H paBHo H^/2 (nonoBHHa MaKCHMaJiBHoň BejnwHHbí τεππο-βογο HMnyjibca) , 3aTeM φΗκεκργιοτ MaKCHMaJi&Hwň τβππόΒοβ ποτοκ h MaKCHMaiib-Hbiň τθμπ yMeHhineHHH TennoBoro noTOKa. Πο φορΜγπεΜ RK = 0,2H^R^/(H,^)
Ro = - 0,56Rk + H^)“’ -l]R^-RK (3)
Co = <ψ[ΐ - 0,43(Η^+ r«e RK - KoHTaKTHoe τβ pMoconpoTHBJíeHHe £k/Bt^J,
Ro - τβ pMoconpoTHBJíeHHe MaTepnana [k/Bt] ,
Co - TennoeMKocTb MaTepnana,
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Hm- MaKCHMaJibHoe 3HaneHne HMnynbca TennoBoro ποτοχβ £BtJ, Η, - τθμπ HaMeHeHHH TenjioBoro ποτοκβ bo BpeMéHH, xor«a τεπηοΒοή ποτοκpaBeH 0,5 Hm [Bt/c],
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BxnjonaxiT ycTpoHCTBo n Θλοχομ 6 aaflaHHH HananbHbix 3HaneHHft pejsHMOB ycTa-HaBJíHBaroT Ha aoHpe 1 npesbímeHne TeMnepaTypbi θ , paBnoe 10-20 K.· 3aTeM 3oha1 npHMCHMaioT x noBepxHocTH «ccnepyeMoro Tena 3. Πρκ stom 3aHHHaeT pacTH τεπ-noBoň ποτοχ, nocTynaxMnnň B HccnenyeMoe τεηο 3, ΜΓΗΟΒεΗΗυε 3HaneHHn ero 06-paSaTbiBaioTCH b ρΗφφερεΗρκετορε 10 h xoMnapaTope 11, HanpHMep aHanoroBbix, hnocTynaioT nepe3 ΗΗτερφεήο 8 b MHxponponeccop 9, xoTopbiň cornacHO anropimiynporpaMMbi, sanojKBHHoň b ποοτοηηηομ aanoMHHaximeM ycTpoftCTBe 13, paccHHTbiBaeTno TeMny H3MeHeHna Η, pna xaxwo.ro μομθητβ η T KOHTaxraoe TepMoconpoTHBneHHeRk'h nonpaBxy y/nT Zrjih πετπκ aBTOMaTHnecŘoro ynpaBJíBHHH, nopaBaeMyio Ha yn-paBJíHKHUHň Βχο,ς ycnnHT8JiH 7 MomHoCTH p83HCTopHoro HarpeBaTena 4. B ΜΟΜεΗΤ,xorpa BeiímuHa TennoBoro noToxa H nocraraeT ποιιοβηηηογο 3HaneHHH ot MaxcH-ManbHoro, sanoMHHaiomeB ycTpoíícTBo 13 $HKCnpyeT paccnHTaHHoe RK. Πο AocTHweHHH no xpHBoň nepexowHoro npopecca MaxcHManbHoro Terna CHHxteHHHΗ^, τεππόΒοΓο ποτοκβ cornacHO xóMaHfle ycnoBHoro nepexopa onepaHn H2 3anHCbi-BaeTCH b ρεΓΗετρ o6njero HaaHaneHHH MHxponpopeccopa 9 H paccHHTbffiaeTCH TepMo-conpoTHBneHHe η τεπηοεΜχοετι, Co HccnenyeMoro Tena, pe3ym>TaTbi pacneTa nopa-DTCH.Ha perHCTpHpyxmnň npn6op 12, HanpHMep Ha ρπώροΒοή HHflHxaTop. fljlH pafíOTbl yCTpoňCTBa HeoĎXOflHMO BBeCTH B nOCTOHHHOe 3anOMHHaiOlH8e ycTpoft-ctbo 13 napaMeTpa aoHfla: Hq (τεπηοΒοίϊ ποτοχ xopoTxoro aaMbixaHna soHpa - on—peňenaěTCH sxcnepHMeHTanbHcř ηπη τεορετΗηεοκΗΜ pacneToM). R^. · (TepMoconpoTHB-neHHe 30Hfla) , (nocToaHHan speMeHH 3oH#a), a Taxxce napaMeTpbi HHTerpanbHo-ΑΗφφερεΗΐοΐ3Πϊ>ΗθΓο φΗππτρε (p + z) /(p + s) , a HMeHHo, z - nocTonHHan nepexoff-ηογο'nponecca 3oHfla b oTcyTCTBHH πετηκ aBTOMaTiwecxoro ynpaBneHHH, onpefle-jihbtch no φορΜε xapaxTepncTHXH nponecca, onHCbiBaeMoro onepaTopHbíM ypaBHeHH—eM. * H(p) =C0o /[p(p + Z)J (4) me p - nepeMeHHafl npeofípaaoBaHHH Jlannaca, H(p) - H3o6pax8HHa nepexopHoro τεπποΒΟΓο nponecca 3OHna β pex<HMee xopoTxoro 33MbIXaHHH ΠΟ TenJIOBOMy noToxy,. 4 z ~ ποΟτοΗΗΗοε περεχοΛΗοε nponecca, c
Bbifíop napaMeTpoB a z φκπΒτρβ b ycnoBHnx nepeMeHHbix cbořctb Hccnenye-;Mbix MaTepnanoB MoxceT 6μτβ npoH3Beneň πρΗδπιοκεΗΗο. ΒΠΟΠΗΒ flOCTaTOHHO πρΗΗΗΤϊ, . _ ωο-'Η'/Τ^ ζ = 21Τ -ϊ'/Τ,ί s = ΙΟζ (5) rp;e Τ, - ΒρεΜΗ ycTaHOBneHHH MaxcHManbHoro 3HaneHHH Η 3onp,a npn χοροτκοΜ aa-, MbixaHHH TennoBoro noToxa (cm. φκτ.Ι. 3a ορκεΗΤΗροΒοηΗοε pacneTHoe 3HanaHH8 T, mowho πρημθηητβ μομ8Ητ ρ,οοτηϊκθηηη MaxcHMyMa πρκΠΡΗΒβρεΗΗΗ 3OHfla B XOHTaXT C HCCJWAyBMblM Τ8ΠΟΜ) . B ócHoBy cnoco6a nonoxceH axcnepHMeHTanbHo ycTaHOBJíeHHbiň φεκτ, ητο xpHBanaa φΗΓ.Ι c ToňHOCTbio Hai 1% (hto flocTaTonHO nnH ρεπεΗΜΗ CoJibmuHCTBa τεππόφκ-3OTecxHx aananj Μθ»ετ 6μτέ> onucaHa ypaBHeHHaM, co«8pwai5HM HanpuMap, /we xoh-i cTaHTbi, xapaxTepH3yramHe 3OHfl, η τρκ napaMeTpa HccnenyeMoro Tena, a ημθηηο,ero xoHTaxTHóe TepMoconpoTHBneHHe RK η 3φφεχτΗΒΗΜβ CTannoHapHbie τερΜοεοπρο- 263494
THBJíeHHH Ro Η ΤβΠΠΟβΜΚΟΟΤΒ Co
Ro h Co hbjihjotch napaMeTpaMH HccnenyeMoronoJiyorpaHHqeHHoro Tena p,nn flaHHoro áOHfla h 3aKoHHHBinerocH nepexoflHoro τβπ-Jiosoro npou,ecca. HanpHMep, ' b onepaTopHoň-φορΜβ nepexonHoň nponecc H3o6pa»a-eTcn ýopMynoň: li —______ _ _ -^2^-2^.2 _+ π t,—' 1)θ (6)
P(P*£-<jC0R0RK + P(C0Ro(R^ + Rk) + (Ro + RK))RO + R^ + RK rp;é Θ - cxanox TeMnepaTypbi no oTHoneHmo κ HananbHoň TeMnepaType Hccneflye-Moro Tena b MecTe KoHTaxTa c 3oh«om (10—20 K). . B cnoco6e Bbi6nparoT κρΗΤΗΗβοκκβ tohkh nepexoflHoro npoijecca: xpyTHSHy φροΗ-,
Ta HMnynbca TennoBoro'ποτοκβ, ero MaxcHManbHoe BHaneHne η τθμπ yMeHbmeHHH
BejiHnuHbí -h, He oHcnnan oxoHnaHHn nepexoflHoro npoijecca, όπρβίξβηκιοτ τβπηώψΗ--sunecKue napaMeTpbi nccnenyeMoro Tena no H3Be(cTHbiM xapaxTepHCTHxaM 3oiina. '
CnenyeT ynnTbiBaTb, hto b o6meM cnynae tohhoctb H3MepeHHň 6y«eT τβΜ Bbi-. me, neM 6nnxe nocTonHHan TennoeMxocTb. C aoHfla κ τβπποβΜκοοτΗ Co, H3MepeH—
Hoň ycTpoňcTBOM, h hto oSnacra» HccneflyeMoro MaTepnana, yxacTByromaH· b τβππο- bom nepexoflHOM nponecce BbipaBHHBaHHH cKanxa; TeMnepaTypbi aoHfla, onpenenneTCH '
. oSteMOM cifrepbi c pafluycoM xoHTaxTHoň noBepxHocTH 30H.ua. MaTepnanbi b BunennacTHHbí TonqHHoň MeHbine paflHyca KOHTaxTHoň noBepxHocTH 3OHfla. TpeďywT BHe-; ceHHH b ’pe3ynbTaT nonpaBKH Ha BnHHHHe TonmHHbí MaTepnana. 3to HeoBxoflHMO ynH-TbiBaTb npH acenaHHH paccmrraTb yňenbHyro TennoeMKocTb C TennonpoBo«HocTb Λno Ro n Co MaTepnana. YHenbHbie xapaKTepncTHKn mojkho paccHHTaTt, HanpnMep,no. ypaBHeHHHM P, 1 * + (P^RoCo + 1) (p4R0co + 1)
Pa-Pi C = 3R0C0/(47^ra) (7) rp,e r - pannyc xoHTaxTHoň noBepxHocTH, μ., J - nnoTHocTb-MaTepnana, κγ/μ3
Pj,Ρ^ - κορΗΗ 3HaMeHaTena ypasHeHun (6) nepexonHoro nponecca b onepaTopHofi . φορΜβ. ; B KOHCTpyKHHio 30Hfla MoryT 6μτβ BBeneHbí MeflHoKoHCTaHTaHOBan TepMonapa 5TennoMep 2 Ha οοηοβθ 6aTapeňHoro TepMosnexTpmiecKoro naTHHxa. Pe3HCTHBHwň
HarpesaTenb 4 H3roTaBnnBaroT, HanpnMep, H3 HnxpoMosoň προΒοηοκη b Bnn.e cnn-pann ApxHMefla paaMepoM, paBHHM flnaMeTpy τεδηετκη SaTapeňHoro τερΜοοηβκτρη-necKoro naTnnxa (12-20 mm), B xanecTBe ycnnnTenH 7 moiuhocth μοκηο πρηΜβΗΗΤΒ TnpncTopHbiň BbinpHMHTenb,ynpaBnneMbiň no φa3OBOMy yrny oTnnpáHHH nepeMeHHoro Toxa. ΠρΗΜθρ KoHKpeTHoň peanH3anHH. flnn H3MepeHnn τεπηοφΗ3ΗηεεχΗχ cBoňcTB MpaMopHbiň nnacTHHbí, ηθο6χοαημ kom-πηεκτ npnGopoB, coflep»amnň 3οκ& 1, hctohhhx πητβηηη n.flBa MnnnnBonbTMepa na10 n 50 mB. 3ohh 1 BbinonHeH b BHfle iaraoMHHneBoro’cTaxaHa ηβ&μθτρομ 18 mm hBbicoToň 36 mm, b κοτοροΜ paaMemeHbí pe3HCTopHbiň HarpeBaTenb 4 H3 hhxpomoboíí. προΒοηοκη conpoTHBneHHH 280. m c aaxpenneHHbíM b ero yeHTpe γορηηημ cnaeMMeflHo-KOHCTaHTaHOBoň TepMonapw η TennoMep 2 (SaTapeňHbiň TepMoanexTpHnecxHň.Ηέτηκκ c nocTOHHHoft npeo6pa3OBaňHH 10 Bt/B) , nep&biň· MnnnnBonbTMeTp nporpa-i flynpoBaH b eflHHnnax TeMnepaTypw (K) HarpeBaTenn 4 n ποηχηοηβΗ κ TepMonape 5,BTopoň - b eflHHHyax moiuhocth (Bt) HarpeBaTěnn 4 n nonxmoneH κ TennoMepy 2.RTofíbí ycTpaHHTb BnnHHHe TonmnHbí MpaMopHoň nnacTHHbí Ha pesynbTaTbi H3MepeHHH,'BbfiHpawT ee 6onbme paflnyca 3OHfla, to ecTB 10 mm. ΠρΗ Taxoň TonmHHe MaTepnana.speMH ycTaHoBneHHH flHHaMHnecxoro paHHOBecHH :TennoBoro noToxa Sonbine MHHyTbi, h nocTOHHHaH.BpeMeHH 3OHfla cl· (απη o6ecne-_. 263494 5
MeHHH 1% tomhocth) nonacna 6biTb οτογο nopsaflKa, HanpHMGp 91 c, a npoMeacyTKHMejK^y ΜΜθρβΗΗΗΜΗ 10 c. flria MaTapnanoB c TGnJionpoBoflHocTbio MpaMopa MomHocTbHarpeBaTejiH b ycTaHOBUBineMCH peatHMe h TeMnepaTypé Ha 20 K SoJibiiie, πθμ Ha-yaJHjHaa TeMnepaTypa MpaMopa, cocTaBJíHGT 2 Bt. 3ohb,, oSecne^HBaroinuft moiuhoctbHarpeBa 2 Βτ, ΗΜεετ τερΜοεοπροτΗΒηεΗκε R„ 31,25 Κ/Βτ h ero τεπποΒοβ ποτοκκοροτκοΓο 3aMbiKaHHH paseH Ha = 5,6 Βτ. 3
IlapaMeTp S b ypaBHGHHHX Q2J HHTarpanbHo-fl^apaHnHanbHoro 3aKOHa peryjiH-. pOBaHHH B COrnaCHH C OIJGHKoň ΠΟ φορΜγηβ (,5J ΜΟ3ΚΘΤ 6blTb B3HT paBHblM 0,1 c. . IIO3TOMy ypaBH&HHH (2) npHHHMaiOT BHfl y(10n) = x(10n) + e(lOn), rfle x(10n) = 0,37x(10(n - 1)) - 0,63e(10(n - 1));η - no pHflKQBhlH HOMep H3MepeHHH.
Ho npennaraeMOMy cnocoóy κοΜππεκεΗοΓο onpeneneHHH τεπηρφΗ3ΗΗεεκΗχGBOňCTB MaTepnanoB ocymecTBJímoT-cneflyromHe onepannn: . 1. H3MepHK)T b o^epeflHoft (xaatHbie 10 c) momght BpeMeHn BenmuHy · TennoBoro ποτοκε Hj 2. OnpeflenHioT οτκηοΗεΗκε οτ ycTaHoBHBineňcH βθηιμηηβι τεπηοΒοΓο ποτοκβ - e(10n); 3. Πο φορΜνηε (2) οπρβηεπΗβτ ynpaBjmjoiiíKň curHan y(10n), 3Haa Texymeee(10n) n npeflbwymne pe3yjrt>TaTbi pacneTa x(10(n - 1)) h e(10(n - 1)); 4. Πο HCTeneHHH 10 c ^HcnocpcflCTBeHHo nocne H3MepeHHH. moiuhocth τεπηοΒο-to noToxa HĎ) H3mghhmt τεπηοΒοίί ποτοκ Ha BemwuHy y(10n), paryjiHpya HanpH-τκεΗΐιε Ha κετοΗΗΗκε nHTaHHH h KoHTpoJiHpyH moiuhoctI) 3OHfla no TannoMGpy 2. 5. BblHHCJIHIOT Τ8ΜΠ H3MGPGHHH ΤεπΠΟΒΟΓΟ TOTOKa Η K3K pa3HOCTb 6nH»aftmHXnoKá3aHnň .TennoMepa* 6. B ΜΟΜβΗτ, Korná τβΜΠ yMeHbniaHHH τεπηοΒΟΓο ποτοκε MaKCHManGH, H3M8pe-HHH 3aKOHHeHbI. 7. Οπρε,ηεηΗκτ MaKCHManBHoc 3HancHHc Hw, τεΜπ hsmghghhh npn H^/2, η mhk-cHMajibHbiň τεΜπ yMGHBraeHHH h paccHHTbiBaroT KoHTaKTHoe τερΜοεοπροτΗΒπεΗΗε R^,TapMoconpoTHBneHHG Ro η τεπηοεΜκοετΒ Co πο φορΜνηεΜ (3). Πρπ Hm = 2,8 Βτ, H4 = (f,077 Βτ/c, = 0,009 Βτ/c nonynuM R^ = 5 K/Bt,
Ro = 52,1 K/Βτ, Co = 4,66 flac/K. .
HtoSh οπρεΗεηκτΒ ynanbHbic τεπηοεΜκσοτπ, paccnHTbiBaioT kophh 3HaM8HaTGJiHypaBHGHHH (6), KOTopbia b paccMaTpHBaeMOM., npHMepa paBHbí: P, = 0,031, P2 = 0,026 „ 3aTeM no ypaBHeHHHM (7) paccHHTbiBaioT TennonpoBoflHocTb = 3,62 Bt/(m.k.)η τεπηοεΜκοετΒ c = 894 flac/κΓ K (b pacneTax πρηηητο 2r = 28 mm, =2900 κγ/mj B cnocoSe κοΜππεκεΗοΓο οπρεπεηεΗΗΗ τεπηοφΗ3ΗηεοκΗχ cboSctb MaTepnanoB hycTpoňcTBa aro ocyw,ecTBJieHHH bpgmh H3MepaHHH coKpamCHo κεκ 3a εηετ ycTpaHG-ηηη Η3ΜερεΗΗή CTanHOHapHoro. noTOKa 3aKOHHHBmerocH nepaxoflHoro nponecca, TaKh 3a επετ BBGflGHHH οτρΗηβτεηΒΗοή oSpaTHoň CBH3H no nenu τεπποΜερ-HarpeBa-tgjib, hto yMGHbmaaT ΒρεΜΗ nepexonHoro nponacca B 2 pa3a ajih cnynaH mhhh-ManbHoň norpeuiHocTH 3oHfla.(Kor^a noCToHHHan soHfla paBHa R0C„) . Κορεκτκ-poBKa pa3yni»TaToB pacneTa, ynHTbiBaiomaH KoHTaKTHoe τερΜοοοπροτΗΒηεΗΗε RK,πο3Βο·πηετ πρκΜεΗΗΤΒ npeflJiaraeMoe Η3θδρετεΗΗε ajih H3MepeHHH τεπηοφΗ3ΗηεέκΗχCBoňcTB τεη c npoBOflHMocTbio MaTepnana no 500 Bt/mK c οτΗοεητεπΕΗοη norpem-hoctbk) Ηε 6οπι>πιε 5%, ΦΟΡΜΥΠΑ Η30ΒΡΕΤΕΗΗΛ
Cnocofí κοΜππεκεΗοΓο οπρε,ηε,πεΗΗΗ τεπηοφΗ3ΗηεοκΗχ cbořctb MaTepnanoB, 3a-KJBonaiomHňcH b tom, ητο H3MepHTanbHbiH 3OHfl HarpaBaioT Bbniia HananbHOH τεΜπερε- 263494
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Typbi HccneflyeMoro Tena, pa3Mepbi κοτοροΓο npeBbnnawT rnyóHHy προΗΗΚΗΟΒβΗΗΗτε Mne pa Ty Photo nona 3a BpeMH H3MepeHHH, npHWHMaroT xoHTaxTHoft noBepxHocTbíox nnocxoň noBepxHocTH HccnenyeMoro Tena h H3MepmoT b onpefleneHHbie μομθητμ . ,•ΒρβΜβΗΗ MTHoBeHHbie 3HaHeHHH HeycTaHoBHBnierocH TennoBoro noToxa, nocTynawme-ΓΟ B Teno H3 'H3MepHTejIbHoro 3OHfla, OTJIHHawmHHCH ΤβΜ, HTO , C ΗβΠΒΙΟ ΠΟΒΜ-uieHHH to^hocth onpefleneHHn τεπηοφΗ3ΗΗβοχΗχ cbořctb h coxpameHHH BpeMeHH.H3-MepeHHH, nocne noMemeHHn H3MepHTenbHoro 30Hfla Ha Teno HarpeBatoT H3MepHTenb-Hbrií 3óHfl no HHTerpa.rtt>Ho-flH4)4)epeHima.rn>HoMy 3aKOHy perynHpoBaHHH b aaBHCHMOC-TH ΟΤ Η3ΜβΗβΗΗΗ ΤβΠΠΟΒΟΓΟ ΠΟΤΟΚβ Bo BpeMeHH, φΗΧΟΗΡΙΠΟΤ CXOPOCTB Η3ΜβΗβΗΗΗΤβΠΠΟΒΟΓΟ ΠΟΤΟΧΒ BO ΒρβΜβΗΗ B ΜΟΜβΗΤ flOCTHXeHHH HM ΠΟΠΟΒΗΗΗΟΓΟ 3HaHeHHBTennoBoro noToxa ot MaxcHManbHoro, φΗκοκριηοτ MaxcHManbHbiň TennoBoň ποτοχη MaxcHMaBBHyro cxopoctb yMeHbmeHHH TennoBoro noToxa.bo BpeMeHH h no nony-HeHHblM HaHHblM CyflHT O XOHTaXTHOM TepMOCOnpOTHBneHHH, TepMOCOnpOTHBneHHH HTennoewxoCTH Marepnana,. UCTOHHHKH HHýopMaiíHH, npHHflTbie BO BHHMaHHe npH 3xčnepTnse í' 1. SU, A, 458753. 2. B.B.Kohhob h flpyrHe "HccneflOBaHHH χοητηχτηογο MeTona TennoBoň χζεφβκ-τοοκοπηη", Ν’ 2, .1981, "UpoMhnnneHHan TennotexHHxa", (MocxBa), c J03-?J07. 3. SU,’ A, 857826,
P E Φ E P A T
CnOCOB KOMIUlEKCHOrO OIIPEflEJIEHHH TEIUIOOH3HUECKHX CBOĚCTB MATEPHAJIOB I[eňb Η3θ6ρετβΗΗΗ - noBbnneHHe tohhoCth onpefleneHHfl .τβύηοφΗ3ΗΗβοκΗχ xa-paxTepneTHx MaTepnana h. coxpameHne BpeMeHH H3MepeHHH.
Cnoco6' cocToHT b tom, hto 3OHfl HarpeBaioT Bbnne. HaHantHoň TeMnepaTypw hc-cneflyeMoro Tena, HaxnaflbjBaxiT Ha noBepxHocTb Tena,' Η3Μβρ}ποτ b onpeneneHHbieΜΟΜβΗΤΗ ΒρβΜβΗΗ ΜΓΗΟΒβΗΗΜβ sHaneHHH HeycTaHoBHBinerocH. TennoBoro· noToxa, no-cTynajomero b τβηο. 3oha nocae ero noMemeHrá na Teno HarpeBaioT no HHTerpanb-Ho-flHφφepeH^HanBHoMy 3axoHy, φΗχοκρϊποτ cxopocTb Η3ΜβΗβΗΗη TennoBoro noToxaBO BpeMeHH B ΜΟΜΘΗΤ ffOCTHJKeHHH HM ΠΟΠΟΒΗΗΜ MaXCHManhHorO SHaneHHH TennoBo-ro noToxa, φHxcHpy^oτ MaxcHManbHbiií τεπηοΒοίί ποτοχ h MaxcHManbHyjo cxopoctbyMeHbmeHHH noToxa bo BpeMeHHf, Πο nonyneHHbíM «aHHbíM cyflHT o χοητηχτηομ TepMo-conpoTHBneHHH, TepMoconpoTHBneHHH η TennoeMKocTH MaTepnana. ΠρΗ3Η3Ηο Η3θ6ρβ’τβΗΗβΜ. no pe3ynbTaTaM 3XcnepTH3bi, ocymecTBneHHoň rocynapcT-BeHHbíM ΚοΜκτετοΜ CCCP no flenaM Η3θ6ρετβΗΗή η οτχρΗΤΗβ. 1 ηερτβ» 263494
OIIHCAHHE H3OBPETEHHH TO ABTOPCKOMY CBHHETEJTBCTBy3aaBKa: N1 3785397 / 24-253a «BJieHo: 04.06.84MKH3: G 01 N 25/18
Abtopm: HnaTOHoB BB, JlexeHHH .Φ. , Bepacaraíi BH, HlanoniHHKoB BB, HhkhtckhS Π.Π., flbMneHKO BB, Πρε3 AA, 3BHpr3fle HA 3aHBHTejii>: HHCTHTyT TexHtraecKoň τεπποφΗ3Η AH YCCP, On & iTHůe KOHCTpyx-
TopcKO-TexHoJioriraecKoe 6rapo c 3KcnepHMeHTara> HbiM npoH3BoncTBOMτβπΒοφΗ3ΐΜεοκοΪΌ πρΗδοροετροβΗΗΗ HHCTHTYTa TexHiraecKOHφΗ3ΗΚΗ AH YCCP.
HasBatme ο3ο6ρετεΗΗΗ: CIIOCOE KOMIDlEKCHOro OIIPEflEJlEHHJI ΤΕΠ3ΙΟΦΗ3ΗΗΕΟΚΗΧCBOŽCTB MATEPHAJIOB. Η3θ6ρετεΗκε othochtch to oSnacTH HCCJiep; oBaHHH φΗ3ΗπεοκΗχ cboííctb BeujecTB and ΗΜβΗΗΟ K. H3MepeHHK) TepMOConpOTHBneHHfl TenJloeMKOCTH MaTepHaJIOB H, H3 Koto-pbix n3roToBJieHo HCCJieflyeMÓe Teji h Μοκετ Shtb HCirojn> 3óBaHo β τεπιιοφΗ3ΗΗεο KOM npHÓOPOCTpoeHHH. . .
Hentio Η3θ6ρβτεΗΗΗ hbjihotch noBbnneHHe tohhocth onpesejieHHH τεπίΐοφΗ3Η «εο-. K.Hx CBoňTTB MaTepnana h coKpaqeHHe bpomohh Η3ΜερεΗΗΗ.
IfeoSpeTeHHe HBJírocTpupyeTCH Φηγ. 1 h 2.
Ha Φηγ. 1 npHBefleH iuρεφκκ Η3ΜεΗεΗΗΗ TeiuioBoro ποτοκε H, nocTynaiomero H330Hfla b nccJieffyeMoe τεπο, a-Ha Φηγ. 2 H3oópa3K8Ha cTpyKTypHaa cxeMa ýcTpoŇCT-Ba λπη ocymacTBJíaHHH npeflJioKeHHoro cnocoOa. nyεπΒΟΒΟΗ HMnyjibC, BxoflaqHH b MaTBpnaJi (φΗΓ, .1), xapaKTapH3y8TCH MaxcHMaJib- HOH BajIHHHOH H ^ HMnyJlbCa, CKOpOCTbJO HapaCTaHHH Πβρε ^ ΗεΓΟ φροΗΤβ - τβμπομ
H3M8HCHHH Η, ΒΟΒΟΓΟεΠΒΟΒΟΓΟΒΟΒΟΓΟIOTOKa Β ΗΤεΗΤ flOCTKKCHHH ΗΜ ΠΟΗΟΒΗΗΗΟΓΟ 3HaH8HHH ΟΤ, ΜΗΚΟΗΜΗΠΒΗΟΓΟ,. MaKCHMaJIBHblM Τ8ΜΠΟΜ yMCHbmCHHH Hg apa xapaKTBpHblMH ΟΠΟρΗΗΜΗ ΤΟΗΚΘΜΗ Ha OCHX KOOPflHHaT ΓρΒφΗΚΗί - ΠΟΤΟΚ ΚΟΡΟΤΚΟΓΟ 3aMbTKaHHH BaTHHKa, 263494 .6
- nightTOHHHan flaTWHKa, T4 - BpeMH é ομθητ nightTHweHHH MaKCHMaJitHon BenH-LiRHb H ^, H ^ ct ~ ycTaHoBHBBiuňcH TennoBoň ποτοκ.
YcTpoňcTBo Ha Φηγ.2 ηπη ocymecTBneHHH cnocoCa KOMnneKCHoro onpeneneHHHΤβΠηοφΗΒΗΗβΟΚΗΧ CBoňCTB MHTepHaJlOB COCTOHT H3 3OHffa 1B BHfle ΗΚΠΜΗΛΡΚΗβΟΚΟΓΟMeTanjiHHecKoro cTaKaHa c Kpy.rnoH nnockofí κοΗτπκτιίοβ noBepxHocTbio Ha κοτοροβyKpenneH TennoMep 2 npHwaTbrři κ ποβθρχηοοτη Hccjie «yeMoro Tena third Βηυτρη 3OH-p and 1 BMOHTupoBaHbí pe3HCTHBHMH HarpeBaTejib 4h TepMonap 5 HanantHofi TeMnepa-Typbj 3OHfla 1. TeMnepaTypa 5 noflKjnoneHa κ 6ποκγ 6 3ap, anmi HaHanbHbix 3HaneHHnpeatHMOB, COeflHHeHHOMy C yCHJIHTejieM 7 MOmHOCTH HCTOHHHKa ΠΗΤΗΗΗΗ pe3HCTHBHOroHarpeBaTeJia. Btopoh bxoa ycnnuTejiH 7 modihocth πολοοθπηηθη κ Bbixony pemarome-ro ĎJioKa and ημθηηο κ ΗΗτβρφββογ 8 MHKponpoueccopa 9. In TenjioMepy 2-noflKJBo ΗβΗΜ BXOflbl ΑΗφφθρβΗΗΗΘΤΟρβ KOMnapaTOpa 10 H 11 BXOflbl KOTOpbIX COeflHHeHM cΗΗΤβρφεβΟΟΜ eighth BbKOflbl ΗΗΤβρφβϋ03 8 nOflKJHOHeHBj yCHJlHTejHO K 7 H MOmHOCTH pe-rHCTpHpyromeMy npH6opy 12. B κο 6ΠΛβκτ pemawmero 6JioKa βχο, π ht Taxation íoctohh-Hoe aanoMHHaromee ycT tmcTBo 13.
CnocoQ ocymecTBJiaeTCH cjienywmHM oSpaaoM. The nnocKOMy ynacTKy HccJienyeMoro Tena 3 npracHMaioT κοΗτβκτΗοβ noBepxHocTbjo3oh # 1, NPE-BapHTenbHo HarpeTbiň HA 10 ~ 20 K Bbnne Hanam.Hoň TeMnepaTypw If pnajia, η .Η3Μβρίποτ nepe3 paBHbie προΜβχγτκΗ T BpeMeHH μγηοβθηημθ 3HaneHHB He-ycTaHOBHBmerocH τθπποβογο ποτοκη H onpeflejunoT Texymee οτκποηθηηθ e (tiT) ο H a H H ff H H e e e e e e e Γ Γ Γ a a a a a a a uman uman uman uman uman uman uman uman uman uman a a a a - x (nT) + e (nT) rn ex (nT) ~ e'5Tx / (n - 1) T) + ----- (1 - e-ST) e ((n - 1) T ) s *
ZHS ~ napaMeTpbl φΗΠΒΤρε ΗΗΤΘΓρβΙϋΗΟ-ΑΗφφερβΗΠΗβσίΒΗΟΓΟ 3aKOHa peryJIHpOBaHHH í c nepeflaTonHoň φγΗκυκεβ -EÍ-- e “4 1 P + a. p - nonHeHaa npeo6pa3OBaHHH Jlannaca, yaNaNaNaNaNaNHlHeHHH. Ha Bxofl ycHHHTe-J1H 6 MOmHOCTH pe3HCTHBHOrO ΗΗΓρβΒβΤβΙΜ 4 3OHfla J. BbWHCJIHJOT ΤΘΜΠ Η3ΜβΗβΗΗ «BO. BpeMeHH Η (HC TOWKOfl) ΜΓΗΟΒβΗΗγΚ) BeJIHHHHy H4 ΚΟΤΟΡΟΓΟ φΗΚΟΗΡΥΙΟΤ flJIHMOMeHTa BpeMeHH, xorfla H paBHo H ^ / 2 (nonoBHHa MaKCHMaJiBHoň BejnwHHbí τεππο-βογο HMnyjibca) 3aTeM φΗκεκργιοτ MaKCHMaJi & HWN τβππόΒοβ ποτοκ h MaKCHMaiib-Hbiň τθμπ yMeHhineHHH TennoBoro noTOKa. Πο φορΜγπεΜ RK = 0,2H ^ R ^ / (H, ^)
Ro = 0.56Rk + H 2) "-1] R 4 -RK (3)
Co = <ψ [ΐ - 0.43 (Η ^ + r e e RK - KoHTaKTHoe τβ pMoconpoTHBJeHHe £ k / Bt ^ J,
Ro - τβ pMoconpoTHBJeHHe MaTepnana [k / Bt],
What - TennoeMKocTb MaTepnana,
Hn - TennoBoň ποτοκ aňnfla b peacHMe κοροτκογο 3aMbncaHH «no TennoBoMy no-τοκγ npH 3anaHH0M npeBbnneHHH TeMnepaTypw 3ÓHna οτΗοεΗτβπ & Ηο τθμ-nepaTypw MaTepnana £ BtJ
BpeMeHHaB nocToHHHafl 3oHfla (c], 263494 3 R ^ - TepMoconpoTHBneHHe aoHpa £ k7BtJ,
Hm- MaKCHMaJibHoe 3HaneHne HMnynbca TennoBoro ποτοχβ £ BtJ, Η, - HaMeHeHHH TenjioBoro ποτοκβ bo BpeMéHH, xor «and τοποοΒοή ποτοκpaBeH 0.5 Hm [Bt / c]
Hg, - MaKCHManbHBi τi yMeHbmeHHH TennoBoro noToxa JjJr / cJ, paccnHTbiBa-iot TepMoconpoTHBJíeHHe RK h Rq τεπηοβΜκοετ & C '. ycT leastcTBo, peanH3ywmee to HHbn cnocoS, paGoTaeT cnepyiomHM o6pa3OM.
BxnjonaxiT ycTpoHCTBo n Θλοχομ 6 aaflaHHH HananbHbix 3HaneHHft pejsHMOB ycTa-Ha HaBJíHBaroT aoHpe npesbímeHne TeMnepaTypbi θ 1, paBnoe 10-20 K · x 3aTeM 3oha1 npHMCHMaioT noBepxHocTH «ccnepyeMoro Tena third Πρκ one hundred meters 3aHHHaeT pacTH τεπ-noBoň ποτοχ, nocTynaxMnnň B HccnenyeMoe τεηο 3 , ΜΓΗΟΒεΗΗυε 3HaneHHn ero-06 b paSaTbiBaioTCH ρΗφφερεΗρκετορε 10h xoMnapaTope 11 HanpHMep aHanoroBbix, hnocTynaioT nepe3 ΗΗτερφεήο MHxponponeccop 8 b 9 xoTopbiň cornacHO anropimiynporpaMMbi, sanojKBHHoň b ποοτοηηηομ aanoMHHaximeM ycTpoftCTBe 13 paccHHTbiBaeTno dark H3MeHeHna Η PNA xaxwo.ro μομθητβ η T KOHTaxraoe TepMoconpoTHBneHHeRk ¹H nonpaBxy y / nT Zrjih πετπκ aBTOMaTHnecŘoro ynpaBJíBHHH, nopaBaeMyio Ha-yn paBJíHKHUHň Βχο, ς ycnnHT8JiH 7 MomHoCTH p83HCTopHoro HarpeBaTena 4. B ΜΟΜεΗΤ, xorpa BeiímuHa TennoBoro NOTOX H nocraraeT ποιιοβηηηογο 3HaneHHH MaxcH OT-ManbHoro, sanoMHHaiomeB ycTpoíícTBo $ 13 HKCnpyeT paccnHTaHHoe RK. Πο AocTHweHHH no xpHBoň nepexowHoro npopecca MaxcHManbHoro Terna CHHxteHHHΗ ^, τεππόΒοΓο ποτοκβ cornacHO xóMaHfle ycnoBHoro nepexopa onepaHn 3anHCbi H2-b BaeTCH ρεΓΗετρ o6njero HaaHaneHHH MHxponpopeccopa 9H-paccHHTbffiaeTCH TepMo conpoTHBneHHe η τεπηοεΜχοετι Co. HccnenyeMoro Tena pe3ym> TATB Pacnet NOPA-DTCH.Ha perHCTpHpyxmnň npn6op 12, HanpHMep Ha, HHflHxaTop. fljlH pafíOTbl yCTpoňCTBa HeoĎXOflHMO BBeCTH nOCTOHHHOe 3anOMHHaiOlH8e ycTpoft B-13 ctbo napaMeTpa aoHfla: Hq (τεπηοΒοίϊ ποτοχ xopoTxoro aaMbixaHna soHpa - Online peňenaěTCH sxcnepHMeHTanbHcř ηπη τεορετΗηεοκΗΜ pacneToM). R ^. · (TepMoconpoTHB-neHHe 30Hfla), (nocToaHHan speMeHH 3oH # a), and Taxxce napaMeTpbi HHTerpanbHo-ΑΗφφερεΗΐοΐ3Πϊ> ΗθΓο φΗππτρε (p + z) / (p + s), and HMeHHo, z-noc oTcyTCTBHH πετηκ aBTOMaTiwecxoro ynpaBneHHH, onpefle-jihbtch no φορΜε xapaxTepncTHXH nponecca, onHCbiBaeMoro onepaTopHbíM ypaBHeHH — eM. * H (p) = C0o / [p (p + Z) J (4) me p - noHHafl npeofípaaoBaHHH Jlannaca, H (p) - H3o6pax8HHa nepexopHoro τεπποΒΟΓο nponecca 3OH β pex <HMee xopoTxoro 33MbIXaHHH ΠΟ TenJIOBOMy noToxy ,. 4 z ~ ποΟτοΗΗΗοε περεχοΛΗοε nponecca, c
Bbifíop napaMeTpoB az φκπΒτρβ b ycnoBHnx nepeMeHHbix cbořctb Hccnenye-; Mbix MaTepnanoB MoxceT 6μτβ npoH3Benny πρΗδπιοκεΗΗο. OCΠΟΠΗΒ flOCTaTOHHO πρΗΗΗΤϊ,. _ ωο-'Η '/ ζ ^ ζ = 21Τ -ϊ' / Τ, ί s = ΙΟζ (5) rp; e Τ, - ΜΗρεΜΗ ycTaHOBneHHH MaxcHManbHoro 3HaneHHH Η 3onp, and npn χοροτκοΜ aa-, MbixaHHH TennoBoro noToxa (cm. 3a ορκε 3ροΒοηΗοε pacneTHoe 3HanaHH8 T, mowho πρημθηητβ μομ8Ητ ρ, οοτηϊκθηηη MaxcHMyMa πρκΠΡΗΒβρεΗΗΗ 3OHfla B XOHTaXT C HCCJWAyBMblM Τ8ΠΟΜ). B ócHoBy cnoco6a nonoxceH axcnepHMeHTanbHo ycTaHOBJíeHHbiň φεκτ, ητο xpHBanaa φΗΓ.Ι c ToňHOCTbio Hai 1% (HTO flocTaTonHO NNH ρεπεΗΜΗ CoJibmuHCTBa τεππόφκ-3OTecxHx aananj Μθ »ετ 6μτέ> onucaHa ypaBHeHHaM what" 8pwai5HM HanpuMap, / we XOH-i cTaHTbi, xapaxTepH3yramHe 3OHfl , η τρκ napaMeTpa HccnenyeMoro Tena, and ημθηηο, ero xoHTaxTHóe TepMoconpoTHBneHHe RK η 3φφεχτΗΒΗΜβ CTannoHapHbie τερΜοεοπρο- 263494
THBJíeHHH Ro Η ΠβΠΠΟβΜΚΟΟΤΒ Co
Ro h Co hbjihjotch napaMeTpaMH HccnenyeMoronoJiyorpaHHqeHHoro Tena p, nn flaHHoro HOHhla h 3aKoHHHBinerocH nepexoflHoro τβπ-Jiosoro npou, ecca. HanpHMep, 'b onepaTopHoň-φορΜβ nepexonHoň nponecc H3o6pa »a-eTcn ýopMynoň: li —______ _ _ - ^ 2 ^ -2 ^ .2 _ + π t, -' 1) θ (6)
P (P * £ - <jC0R0RK + P (C0Ro (R ^ + Rk) + (Ro + RK)) RO + R ^ + RK rp; é Θ - cxanox TeMnepaTypbi no oTHoneHmo κ HananbHoň TeMnepaType Hccneflye-Moro Tena b MecTe KoHTaxTa c 3oh «om (10-20 K) B cnoco6e Bbi6nparoT κρΗΤΗΗβοκκβ tohkh nepexoflHoro npoijecca: xpyTHSHy φροΗ-,
Ta HMnynbca TennoBoro'ποτοκβ, ero MaxcHManbHoe BHaneHne η τθμπ yMeHbmeHHH
BejiHnuHbI -h, HeOHcnnOnOHnHHnNnexoflHorOnOnPIcUn, sunecKue napaMeTpbi nccnenyeMoro Tena no H3Be (cTHbiM xapaxTepHCTHxaM 3olina. '
CnenyeT ynnTbiBaTb, hto b o6meM cnynae tohhoctb H3MepeHHn 6y «eT τβΜ Bbi-. me, ne 6nnx nocTonHHan TennoeMxocTb. C aoHfla κ τβπποβΜκοοτΗ Co, H3MepeH—
HncnflyeMoro MaTepnana, yxacTByromaH · b β τ τ ex ex ex ex ex ex ex ex ex b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b; TeMnepaTypbi aoHfla, onpenenneTCH '
. oSteMOM cifrepbi c pafluycoM xoHTaxTHoň noBepxHocTH 30H.ua. MaTepnanbi b BunennacTHHB TonqHHoon MeHbine paflHyca KOHTaxTHoň noBepxHocTH 3OHfla. TpeďywT BHe-; ceHHH b 'pe3ynbTaT nonpaBKH Ha BnHHHHe TonmHHb MaTepnana. 3to HeoBxoflHMO ynH-TbiBaTb npH acenaHHH paccmrraTb ynenbHyro TennoeMKocTb C TennonpoBo «HocTb Λno Ro n Co MaTepnana. YHenbHbie xapaKTepncTHKn my paccHHTaTt, HanpnMep, no. ypaBHeHHMM P, 1 * + (P ^ RoCo + 1) (p4R0co + 1)
Pa-Pi C = 3R0C0 / (47 ^ ra) (7) rp, er - pannyc xoHTaxTHo noBepxHocTH, μ., J - nnoTHocTb-MaTepnana, κγ / μ3
Pj, Ρ ^ - κορH 3HaMeHaTena ypasHeHun (6) nepexonHoro nponecca b onepaTopHofi. φορΜβ. ; B KOHCTpyKHHio 30Hfla MoryT 6μτβ BBeneHbí MeflHoKoHCTaHTaHOBan TepMonap 5TennoMep 2 Ha οοηοβθ 6aTopHore TepMosnexTpmiecKoro naTHHxa. Pe3HCTHBHwň
HarpesaTenb 4 H3roTaBnnBaroT, HanpnMep H3 HnxpoMosoň προΒοηοκη b Bnn.e CNN-Pann ApxHMefla paaMepoM, paBHHM flnaMeTpy τεδηετκη SaTapeňHoro τερΜοοηβκτρη-necKoro naTnnxa (12-20 mm), B xanecTBe ycnnnTenH 7 moiuhocth μοκηο πρηΜβΗΗΤΒ TnpncTopHbiň BbinpHMHTenb, but ynpaBnneMbiň φa3OBOMy yrny oTnnpáHHH nepeMeHHoro Toxa. ΠρΗΜθρ KoHKpeTHoň peanH3anHH. flnn H3MepeHnn τεπηοφΗ3ΗηεεχΗχ cBoňcTB MpaMopHbiň nnacTHHbí, ηθο6χοαημ com-πηεκτ npnGopoB, coflep »amnň 3οκ & 1, hctohhhx πητβηηη n.flBa MnnnnBonbTMepa na10 n 50 mB. 3ohh 1 BbinonHeH b BHfle iaraoMHHneBoro'cTaxaHa ηβ & μθτρομ 18 mm hBbicoTo 36 mm, b κοτοροΜ paaMemeHbí pe3HCTopHbine HarpeBaTenb 4 H3 hhxpomoboíí. προΒοηοκη conpoTHBneHHH 280. b mc aaxpenneHHbíM ero yeHTpe γορηηημ cnaeMMeflHo-KOHCTaHTaHOBoň TepMonapw TennoMep η 2 (c SaTapeňHbiň TepMoanexTpHnecxHň.Ηέτηκκ nocTOHHHoft npeo6pa3OBaňHH 10 Bt / B), fr & bin · MnnnnBonbTMeTp nporpa-i flynpoBaH b eflHHnnax TeMnepaTypw (K) N 4 HarpeBaTenn ποηχηοηβΗ κ TepMonape 5, BTopoň - b eflHHHyax moiuhocth (Bt) HarpeBaTenn 4 n nonxmoneH κ TennoMepy 2.RTofíbí ycTpaHHTb BnnHHHe TonmnHbí MpaMopHoň nnacTHHb Ha pesynbTaTbi H3MepeHHH, 'BbfiHpawT ee 6onbme paflnyca 3OHfla, to ecTB 10mm. Π Η m o m m Ten Ten Ten Ten Ten Ten b b b b b b b b 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
MeHHH 1% tomhocth) nonacna 6biTb οτογο nopsaflKa, HanpHMGp 91c and npoMeacyTKHMejK ΜΜθρβΗΗΗΜΗ ^ y 10 deg. C flria MaTapnanoB TGnJionpoBoflHocTbio MpaMopa MomHocTbHarpeBaTejiH b ycTaHOBUBineMCH peatHMe TeMnepaTypé Ha H 20 K SoJibiiie, πθμ Ha-yaJHjHaa TeMnepaTypa MpaMopa, cocTaBJíHGT 2 Bt. 3ohb ,, oSecne ^ HBaroinuft moiuhoctbHarpeBa 2 ΒΒ, Rεε τ τεΗΗΗΗΗεεε „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„,2aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa 3aMbiKaHHH paseH Ha = 5,6 Βτ. 3
IlapaMeTp S b ypaBHGHHH Q2J HHTarpanbHo-fl ^ apaHnHanbHoro 3aKOHa peryjiH-. pOBaHHH B COrnaCHH C OIJGHKoň ΠΟ φορΜγηβ (, 5J ΜΟ3ΚΘΤ 6blTb B3HT paBHblM 0.1 c. IIO3TOMy ypaBH & HHH (2) npHHHMaiOT BHfl y (10n) = x (10n) + e (lOn), rfle x (10n) = 0.37x (10 (n-1)) - 0.63e (10 (n-1)); η-no pHflKQBhlH HOMep H3MepeHHH.
Ho npennaraeMOMy cnocoóy κοΜππεκεΗοΓο onpeneneHHH τεπηρφΗ3ΗΗεεκΗχGBOňCTB MaTepnanoB ocymecTBJímoT-cneflyromHe onepannn:. 1. H3MepHK) T bo ^ epeflHoft (xaatHbie 10 c) mp BpeMeHn BenmuHy · TennoBoro ποτοκε Hj 2. OnpeflenHioT οτκηοΗεΗκε οτ ycTaHoBHBineñcH βθηιμηηβι τεπηοΒοΓο ποτοκβ - e (10n); 3. Πο φορΜνηε (2) οπρβηεπΗβτ ynpaBjmjoiiíKň curHan y (10n), 3Haa Texymeee (10n) npeflbwymne pe3yjrt> TaTbi pacneTa x (10 (n - 1)) he (10 (n - 1)); 4. Πο HCTeneHHH 10 α 2 Hcnocp f lCTBeHHo nocne H3MepeHHH. moiuhocth τεπηοΒο-to NOTOX HD) H3mghhmt τεπηοΒοίί ποτοκ BemwuHy Ha y (10n) paryjiHpya HanpH-Ha τκεΗΐιε κετοΗΗΗκε nHTaHHH KoHTpoJiHpyH moiuhoctI h) amino 3OHfla TannoMGpy 2. 5. BblHHCJIHIOT Τ8ΜΠ H3MGPGHHH ΤεπΠΟΒΟΓΟ Flow Η K3K pa3HOCTb 6NH »aftmHXnoKá3aHnň .TennoMepa * 6 B ΜΟΜβΗτ, Korna τβΜΠ yMeHbniaHHH τεπηοΒΟΓο ποτοκε MaKCHManGH, H3M8pe-HHH 3αKOHHeHbI. 7th Οπρε, ηεηΗκτ MaKCHManBHoc 3HancHHc HW τεΜπ hsmghghhh npn ^ H / 2 η MHK-cHMajibHbiň τεΜπ yMGHBraeHHH h paccHHTbiBaroT KoHTaKTHoe τερΜοεοπροτΗΒπεΗΗε R, Ro TapMoconpoTHBneHHG η τεπηοεΜκοετΒ What πο φορΜνηεΜ (3). Hm = 2.8 Βτ, H4 = (f, 077 /τ / c, = 0.009 Βτ / c nonynuM R ^ = 5 K / Bt,
Ro = 52.1 K / Βτ, Co = 4.66 flac / K. .
HtoSh οπρεΗεηκτΒ ynanbHbic τεπηοεΜκσοτπ, paccnHTbiBaioT kophh 3HaM8HaTGJiHypaBHGHHH (6), b KOTopbia paccMaTpHBaeMOM., NpHMepa paBHbí: P = 0.031, P2 = 0.026 "3aTeM no ypaBHeHHHM (7) paccHHTbiBaioT TennonpoBoflHocTb = 3.62 Bt / (mK) c = η τεπηοεΜκοετΒ 894 FLAC / κΓ K (b pacneTax πρηηητο 2r = 28 mm = 2900 κγ / MJ b cnocoSe κοΜππεκεΗοΓο οπρεπεηεΗΗΗ τεπηοφΗ3ΗηεοκΗχ cboSctb MaTepnanoB hycTpoňcTBa aro ocyw, ecTBJieHHH bpgmh H3MepaHHH coKpamCHo κεκ 3a εηετ ycTpaHG-ηηη Η3ΜερεΗΗή CTanHOHapHoro. noTOKa 3aKOHHHBmerocH nepaxoflHoro nponecca, Takhte 3a επετ BBGflGHHH οτρΗηβτεηΒΗοή oSpaTHoň CBH3H no Nenu τεπποΜερ-HarpeBa-tgjib, hto yMGHbmaaT ΒρεΜΗ nepexonHoro nponacca B 2 pa3a ajih cnynaH mhhh-ManbHoň norpeuiHocTH 3oHfla. (Cor ^ and noCToHHHan soHfla paBHa R0C '). Κορεκτκ-poBKa pa3yni »TaToB Pacnet, ynHTbiBaiomaH KoHTaKTHoe τερΜοοοπροτΗΒηεΗΗε RK, πο3 3ο · πηετ πρκΜεΗΗΤΒ npeflJiaraeMoe Η3θδρετεΗΗε ajih H3MepeHHH τεπηοφΗ3ΗηεέκΗχCBoňcTB τεη c npoBOflHMocTbio MaTepnana no 500 Bt / mK c οτΗοεητεπΕΗοη norpem-hoctbk)
Cnocofí κοΜππεκεΗοΓο οπρε, ηε, πεΗΗΗηοΗΗΗεεεΗεεΗΗbo řboboboboTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT333333333333333333333333333333333
• í? • 4
and
AND
Typbi HccneflyeMoro Tena, pa3Mepbi κοτοροΓο npeBbnnawT rnyóHHy προΗΗΚΗΟΒβΗΗΗτε Mne pa Ty Photo nona 3a BpeMH H3MepeHHH, npHWHMaroT xoHTaxTHoft noBepxHocTbíox nnocxoñ noBepxHocTH HccnenyeMoro Tena h H3MepmoT b onpefleneHHbie μομθητμ. , • ΒρβΜβΗΗ MTHoBeHHbie 3HaHeHHH HeycTaHoBHBnierocH TennoBoro NOTOX, nocTynawme-ΓΟ B Teno H3 'H3MepHTejIbHoro 3OHfla, OTJIHHawmHHCH ΤβΜ, HTO, C ΗβΠΒΙΟ ΠΟΒΜ uieHHH-it-hocth onpefleneHHn τεπηοφΗ3ΗΗβοχΗχ cbořctb h coxpameHHH BpeMeHH.H3-MepeHHH, night noMemeHHn H3MepHTenbHoro 30Hfla Ha Teno HarpeBatoT H3MepHTenb-Hbrií 3óHfl no HHTerpa.rtt> Ho flH4) 4) epeHima.rn> homy 3aKOHy perynHpoBaHHH b aaBHCHMOC-TH ΟΤ Η3ΜβΗβΗΗΗ ΤβΠΠΟΒΟΓΟ ΠΟΤΟΚβ Bo BpeMeHH, φΗΧΟΗΡΙΠΟΤ CXOPOCTB Η3ΜβΗβΗΗΗΤβΠΠΟΒΟΓΟ ΠΟΤΟΧΒ BO ΒρβΜβΗΗ b ΜΟΜβΗΤ flOCTHXeHHH HM ΠΟΠΟΒΗΗΗΟΓΟ 3HaHeHHBTennoBoro NOTOX ot MaxcHManbHoro, φΗκοκριηοτ MaxcHManbHbn TennoBoN MaxcHMaBBHyro cxopoctb yMeHbmeHHH TennoBoro noToxa.bo BpeMeHH h no nony-HeHHblM HaHHblM CyflHT O XOHTaXTHOM TepMOCOnpOTHBneHHH, TepMOCOnpOTHBneHHH HTennoewxoCTH Marepnana ,. UCTOHHHKH HHýopMaiíHH, npHHflTbie BO BHHMaHHe NPH 3xčnepTnse i 'the first SU, A, 458,753th second BBKohhob h flpyrHe "HccneflOBaHHH χοητηχτηογο -methone TennoBoň χζεφβκ-τοοκοπηη"Ν' 2, .1981 "UpoMhnnneHHan TennotexHHxa" (MocxBa) C J03-? J07. 3. SU, 'A, 857826,
PE Φ EPAT
CnOCOB KOMIUlEKCHOrO OIIPEflEJIEHHH TEIUIOOH3HUECKHX CBOĚCTB MATEPHAJIOB I [eňb Η3θ6ρετβΗΗΗ - noBbnneHHe tohhoCth onpefleneHHfl .τβύηοφΗ3ΗΗβοκΗχ xa-paxTepneTHx MaTepnana h.
Cnoco6 'cocToHT b tom, hto 3OHfl HarpeBaioT Bbnne. HaHantHoň TeMnepaTypw hc-cneflyeMoro Tena, HaxnaflbjBaxiT Ha noBepxHocTb Tena, 'Η3Μβρ} ποτ b onpeneneHHbieΜΟΜβΗΤΗ ΒρβΜβΗΗ βββHaneHHH HeycTaHoBHBinerocH. TennoBoro · noToxa, no-cTynajomero b τβηο. 3oha nocą ero noMemeHrá to Teno HarpeBaioT no HHTerpanb-Ho-flHφφepeH ^ HanBHoMy 3axoHy, φΗχοκρϊποτ cxopocTb Η3ΜβΗβΗΗη TennoBoro noToxaBO BpeMeHH B ΜΟΜΘΗΤ ffOCTHJKeHHH HM ΠΟΠΟΒΗΗΜ MaXCHManhHorO SHaneHHH TennoBoro NOTOX, φHxcHpy ^ oτ MaxcHManbHbiií τεπηοΒοίί ποτοχ h MaxcHManbHyjo cxopoctbyMeHbmeHHH NOTOX bo BpeMeHHf, Πο nonyneHHbíM «AHHbM cyflHT o χοητηχτηομ TepMo-conpoTHBneHHH, TepMoconpoTHBneHHH η TennoeMKocTH MaTepnana. ΠρΗ3Η3Ηο Η3θ6ρβ'τβΗΗβΜ. no pe3ynbTaTaM 3XcnepTH3bi, ocymecTBneHoň rocynapcT-BeHHbíM ΜοΜκτετοΜ CCCP no flenaM Η3θ6ρετβΗΗή η οτχρΗΤΗβ. 1 ηερτβ »263494
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| Bar-On et al. | Comparison of analytical and experimental stress-intensity coefficients for chevron V-notched three-point bend specimens |