CS260549B1 - Flat needle punched combined fabric for protective garments and devices production for hot plants - Google Patents

Abstract

Flat needled layered fabric it is provided with a top homogenous layer woolen or non-flame-treated wool fibers or mixtures thereof the proportion of wool or non-flame treated wool fibers with other nonflammable fibers. It may be on the top of the fabric an additional metallic reflective layer is provided. The top layer is felt, needlepunched fleece, fabric or knit, at least one inner layer is a fabric of glass or other inorganic fibers, optionally a metal foil, and a backsheet is a layer of wool or non-flammable treated wool fibers or mixtures thereof predominantly of non-flammable fibers fibers, the fibers of the backsheet they are stretched to the top surface by needling layers. The purpose is to ensure safety work in smelters, at blast furnaces :, foundries and similar operations.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a flat needled laminate fabric for the manufacture of protective clothing and aids for hot working and anti-particulate molten metal, provided with a homogeneous topsheet of wool or non-combustible wool fibers or a mixture of predominantly wool or non-flammable wool fibers with other optionally provided with an additional metallic reflective layer on top.

Various types of sheet fabrics are known for the production of protective clothing and aids, the purpose of which is to ensure the safety of work in smelters, blast furnaces, foundries and similar operations.

Due to the required mechanical-physical properties, protective clothing and aids are made of single or multiple fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens, planar laminates with mechanically or chemically bonded layers of fabrics, knitted fabrics or nonwovens, and the like, the top surface of the fabric containing predominantly the proportion of non-flammable or possibly low-ignition fibers. The fabric can be covered with an additional metal reflective layer.

At present, a plain fabric is provided for the production of protective clothing, provided with an additional aluminum reflective layer on the upper side to reflect the radiant heat. The carrier layer itself comprises at least one layer of glass or asbestos fiber fabric provided with a flame retardant coating on both sides. This fabric, however, is somewhat stiffer, which is disadvantageous in terms of dressing and wearing.

The patent literature discloses the use of wool fibers alone or in admixture with suitable nonflammable fibers. The wool burns or charcoal at 205-300 ° C. Burnt wool fibers do not burn - they do not burn, but they crack. A suitable known flame retardant treatment becomes wool non-flammable material while maintaining its advantageous mechanical-physical properties.

British Patent 2,011,244 discloses a fabric providing protection against radiant heat and / or flames, or against the escape of molten metal particles. The fabric of specific construction is made of yarns containing wool fibers and special viscose nonflammable fibers.

DE-OS 3 342 518, comprises a protective weave in the specified weave, weft and warp fineness and fineness, containing in both systems 20 to 30% carded wool, 50 to 70% non-flammable viscose fibers and 10 to 20% non-flammable polyester fibers.

A common disadvantage of these solutions is the difficult availability of the special fibers and the complex production of yarns and fabrics.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,823 relates to a multi-layer flat fabric providing thermal protection and allowing short-term direct contact with flames, particularly when extinguishing burning oil. The fabric includes a non-combustible fiber topsheet, which is stitched to an inner hydrophilic fiber layer deposited on a hydrophilic felt layer forming a liquid reservoir. Another layer is a nylon fabric, impermeable to gas and liquid. the backing layer of the protective clothing comprises a layer of stitched viscose fibers. When working on the garment, the water supplied by the capillary effect from the outside through the topsheet and the hydrophilic fiber layer and accumulated in the hydrophilic felt escapes by raising the temperature from the water reservoir back to the garment surface, thereby protecting the garment carriers.

However, this sheet laminate is material and manufacturing intensive.

DE-OS 2 737 687 relates to a nonflammable fabric in the form of a double fabric or knitted fabric, made of non-combustible wool fibers and reflective metal strips, which predominate on one side of the fabric, while the yarns predominate on the other.

The disadvantage of this product is the complexity of the manufacturing process and lower protective efficiency.

It is also known to use woolen protective clothing for less demanding working conditions.

From the point of view of production efficiency and reduction of production costs, it is preferable to use a flat laminate fabric for this purpose than a special flat fabric, because it enables productive production of individual layers and their interconnection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a structural and material composition of a flat needled laminate comprising a functional wool fiber component that would be advantageous in terms of production efficiency and availability of all product components.

These conditions are largely met by a flat-topped laminated fabric for the manufacture of protective clothing and aids for hot working and anti-particulate molten metal, provided with a homogeneous topsheet of wool or non-combustible wool fibers or a mixture of predominantly wool or non-flammable wool fibers with other according to the invention in that the top layer is a felt, a densely needled fleece, a fabric or knitted fabric, at least one inner layer is a glass or other inorganic fiber fabric or a metal foil, and a bottom layer the layer is a layer of woolen or non-combustible woolen fibers or a mixture of a predominant proportion of these fibers with nonflammable fibers, wherein the fibers of the backsheet are stitched to the surface of the topsheet tvy.

The basis weight of the individual layers of the fabric is selected according to the desired properties of the fabric.

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For example, the top layer has a basis weight in the range of 100 to 350 gm and the inner layer of glass, metal or other inorganic fibers has a basis weight of 40 to 240 gm.

Rubová, respectively. the backsheet, which may also be formed of partial layers, is a fleece of shear wool or regenerated fibrous material of waste wool, with a maximum blend of chemical or other non-combustible fibers up to 15%. The backsheet provides bonding of all layers to the topsheet surface by stretching the fibers of the backsheet.

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The puncture depth corresponds to the thickness of the laminated sheet at a load of 0.02 N.cm, with a fiber length extending from the topsheet of at most 0.5 mm.

The topsheet acts as a retention layer of molten metal debris in which they partially cool. On the one hand, the inner layer or layers inhibit the physical particles of metal from penetrating the sheet and on the other hand act as thermal insulation.

The resistance of the topsheet to liquid metal leakage is laboratory tested by burnability, which is critical in evaluation and testing. A test of wool material for the topsheet, untreated, namely wool felt, confirmed that the wool topsheet was resistant to a temperature of 500 ° C. It is believed that the use of appropriate material combinations and chemical flame retardant treatments will achieve the desired protection even at higher temperatures.

The desired utility value of the final product as well as its basis weight and thickness can be influenced by the selection and the appropriate combination of raw materials for its production.

The metallic reflective layer, the purpose of which is to protect clothing and aids against radiant heat, is formed by a suitable metal, for example aluminum foil or polymer metallized foil.

The non-flammable wool treatment may be carried out by suitable known methods, for example by the ZIRPRO method. The processing of the wool fabric or wool felt is carried out on the paddle with a complex salt of potassium hexafluorosirconate.

The planar vapor-deposited laminate according to the invention is ready-made with cotton wool

or reinforced sewing threads, linen sewing threads, or non-flammable fiber sewing threads. The loose sewn protective suit is soft and so flowing that all work related to physical exertion in high temperature environments can be carried out without increasing exertion.

The following are examples of the production of typical types of laminated non-combustible textiles.

Example 1

Upper layer - wool felt, inner layer - glass fiber and lower layer - wool fleece.

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Felt - 100% wool, basis weight 215 g.m, medium blue color.

Glass fiber - gets a warp of 15 threads per 1 cm, gets a weft of 14 threads per 1 cm, the binding - 2 canvas, basis weight 130 g.m _2

Needling - total basis weight of flat laminated fabric 595 g.m, needling - 2 Hansa machines, number of punctures 150 cm, stitching depth 10 mm and resulting thickness of stitching -2 material 5 mm (measured at 2 p.cm load).

The proportion of wool fibers 78.15% and inorganic fibers 21.85%.

Example 2

Upper layer - wool fabric, inner layer - aluminum foil and lower layer - wool fleece.

Woolen fabric - 100% wool, gets a warp of 13 threads per cm, gets a weft of 12 threads per _2 cm, twill weave 2/2, basis weight 286 g.m -2

Aluminum foil - basis weight 54 g.m, thickness 0,04 mm, provided with one-sided «2 layer of polyethylene with the basis weight 20 g.m

Wool fleece - New Zealand wool 60% + domestic wool 40%, staple 50 to 60 mm, _2 basis weight 200 g.m “2

Needling - total basis weight of the flat laminate fabric 560 g.m, needling machine 2 by Fehrer, number of stitches 125 cm, stitching depth 15 mm and the resulting stitching thickness of 4.97 mm.

The proportion of wool fibers 86.78% by weight and aluminum foil 13.22% by weight.

Example 3

Face layer - aluminum foil, top layer - wool felt, inner layer - glass fiber and bottom layer - wool fleece.

Felt - 100% wool, dyed, basis weight 220 g.m

Glass fiber - gets a warp of 26 threads per 1 cm, gets a weft of 20 threads per 1 cm, binding -2 canvas, basis weight 40 g.m _2

Wool fleece - regenerated, basis weight 250 g.m

Aluminum foil - as in example 2.

Needling - total basis weight of laminated sheet formation 510 g.m. Needling machine as in Example 1.

Organic fraction - wool - 83.33% by weight.

Inorganic fraction - glass, aluminum - 16.67% by weight.

An aluminum foil is deposited on the needled sheet laminate, on its top layer, which is pressed and melted by calendering.

Calendering - universal rolling, smooth, five-cylinder Totex calender. Heated roller temperature 135 ° C, roller pressure 3 MPa, speed 5 m.min ¹ . An aluminum foil with a stitched sheet is applied to the heated calender roller.

The aluminum foil is joined to the top layer by a molten polyethylene coating.

The bonding of the aluminum foil to the topsheet by molten polyethylene film deposition is dependent on the temperature and roll pressure. Optionally, the aluminum foil may be bonded to the base sheet by thermoplastic powders having a melting point in the range of 120 to 160 ° C, preferably non-flammable binder.

The connection of the individual functional layers of the sheet ensures the needling of a fleece of shear wool or regenerated waste wool materials with a maximum admixture of suitable non-combustible chemical fibers. The depth of the puncture is chosen so that the stitched fibers on the top side of the planar structure, under its load of 2 µm, exceeds its surface to a height of 0.5 mm.

Claims (1)

Flat needle punched fabric for the manufacture of protective clothing and equipment for hot working and anti-particulate molten metal, provided with a homogeneous topsheet of woolen or non-combustible woolen fibers or of a mixture of predominantly woolen or non-flammable woolen fibers with or without a top side with an additional metal reflective layer, characterized in that the top layer is a felt, densely needled fleece, fabric or knitted fabric, at least one inner layer is a glass or other inorganic fiber fabric or metal foil and the bottom layer is a wool or non-combustible layer or a mixture of a predominant proportion of these fibers with non-combustible fibers, the fibers of the backsheet being stitched to the surface of the topsheet.