CS258260B1 - Wiring Logic Circuits - Google Patents

Abstract

The currently used two-valued logic works with two contradictory logical values yes - 1 and no - 0. For four-valued logic, the term superlogic is used here. A superlogic signal is one that can take on the values 1 and 0 but also the antithetical signals "more likely yes" - - 01 and "more likely no" - U0. A basic circuit for creating disjunction has been created, with which other circuits for conjunction, implication and equivalence can be created. Superlogic circuits can be advantageously used in making diagnoses, determining forecasts such as weather and the like, thinking machines, modeling developmental processes and the like.

Description

The invention relates to the connection of four-value logic circuits consisting of switching elements. Today it is used in the engineering practice of two-valued logic, which works with two contradictory logic values, denoted as 0, 1. To perform any logic function, circuits for basic logical operations are sufficient: disjunction, conjunction, implication, equivalence and negation.

Dual-value logic circuits are used to process signals that can be either 0 or 1. Dual-value logic circuits cannot be used to process four-value logic signals.

This drawback removes the invention of the connection of four-valued logic circuits, which is based on the fact that in order to create a disjunction, a parallel combination of the first switching element of logical value 1 of variable A and the first switching element of logical value 1 of variable B , on the one hand, the parallel combination of the first logical value switch 0 of variable A, the first logical value switch U0 of variable A, the first logical value switch U1 of variable A in series with the first logical value switch U1 of variable B to which the parallel combination of the first the logic value switching element U0 of variable B and the first logic value switching element 0 of the variable B in series with the second logic value switching element U1 of the variable A into the second logical output, and the parallel combination of the second logic switching element the UO value of variable B and the second logic value switch 0 of the variable B in series with the second UO logic value switch A of the variable A to which the serial combination of the second logical value 0 switch of variable A and the third logical value UO variable B switch the third logic output, and secondly, connecting a series combination of the third logic 0 switching element of variable A and the third logic 0 switching element of variable B to the fourth logic output, wherein to create a conjunction and implication the switching elements are the logic values of 0, 1, U0 and U1 A, B performed by other sequences and equivalence engagement is made up of three disjunction engagement

For this four-value logic, the term superlogic is used in this application.

A superlogical signal is one that can take one of four possible values, which is denoted 0, 1, U0, Uli Signals 0, 1 are contradictory signals, the same as in the two-valued logic used hitherto. The signals U0 and U1 are antithetic signals. These signals do not occur in two-valued logic circuits.

To perform any superlogical function, circuits for basic logical operations are sufficient: disjunction, conjunction, implication and equivalence. No special circuit is needed to realize the negation. Negation is performed only by interchanging the input or output terminals of the superlogical circuit.

Since Morgan's rules apply in superlogic, the superlogic function of conjunction can be realized using a superjunction circuit for disjunction, similar to two-valued logic. Since the rules of implication elimination and equivalence elimination also apply, in logic, like in two-valued logic, the logic functions of implication and elimination can be realized using a disjunction circuit.

The attached drawings show examples of connection of four-value logic circuits. In Fig. 1 for disjunction, Fig. 2 for conjunction, Fig. 3 for application, and Fig. 4 for interconnection of three circuits of superlogical disjunction to create equivalence.

Thus, for example, a super-logic circuit for disjunction can be considered as a basic circuit, since all other superlogical circuits can also be realized through this circuit.

If these circuits are to be properly used, care must be taken to ensure that the information processing device that each logical or super logic system is is connected to information sources that provide information in a four-valued form.

In a simple way, the superlogical circuit becomes a logic input and logic output circuit or a superlogical input and simple binary logic output. However, it is not possible to achieve superlogical output with only logical input.

Circuits with superlogical circuits are suitable for those purposes where it is desirable to process not only contradictory logical values yes, no, but also anti-tether superlogical signals rather yes, rather not.

Typical areas where superlogical circuits can be used are:

- diagnosis machines

- forecasting machines, such as weather, but also others

- thinking machines

- machines for modeling developmental processes

- decision machines and the like.

The circuit for the superlogical disjunction operation is shown in Fig. 1.

The circuit has eight inputs and four outputs. Inputs are: Al, AU1, AUO, AO; B1, BP1, BUO, BO. Outputs are: W1, W11, WUO, W0. Switching elements such as relay contacts, transistors, etc. are used in the circuit. When the first S1 and the second SO switch are closed, the circuit provides a two-valued output: 0, 1, even if the input is a four-valued input.

Figure 2 illustrates how the superlogical disjunction member realizes the superlogical conjunction. There is no need for any members for negation. Instead of these members, only the leads are switched. In this case the de Morgan rule was used:

(A AND B) «- + (~ AV ~ B)

Similarly, the superlogical implications of Figure 3 are implemented using the implication negation rule:

(A - »B)« - + (AA ^ B) and the superlogical equivalence of Figure 4 using the equation negation rule (A <- + B) «· - ((A Λ B) V (BA. - A))

Classical logic has two truth values, which we denote 0 and 1. When applying classical logic in technology, we interpret truth values 0 and 1 usually as states of some technical device, for example:

m 0 - No current flowing through coil

- current is flowing through the coil

Classical logic is used in technology when two-value yes-no information is sufficient from a technical point of view. Such information is often not sufficient and quantitative data of physical quantities is required to monitor, control, self-regulate, and the like.

Super logic has truth values of 0, UO, U1, 1 of two variables A, B and in addition it considers the so-called emergency state where the four-hour logic changes to classical two-value logic by identifying the truth value UO with truth value 0 and truth value Ul with truth value 1.

The theory of superlogics understands the truth value of UO as rather than 0 and the truth value UI as rather 1 or 0. Superlogics is intended for use in those areas where the two logic values are not satisfactory because they are processing information that has some degree of vague, uncertain character. Two-valued logic cannot process such information, superlogics can process it.

The uncertainty of the information that is being processed in superlogic can be caused either by insufficient knowledge of a phenomenon being monitored or by the state of the object about which the information is being provided, or by the principal uncertainty of the phenomenon or object, respectively.

Such information must, for example, be used in the determination of forecasts of various kinds, such as economic, weather, etc., and in cases where the task is to make a diagnosis as accurately as possible, often not only on indisputable facts but also on various symptoms and other poorly recognized phenomena and facts. Special machines, designed to model developmental processes in biological and other systems, will have to process, in addition to unquestionable information, also controversial or seemingly controversial information, or information of uncertain nature. Decision-making machines must be able to process information about which essentially nothing can be said but whether they are more or less true. High-level artificial intelligence machines will probably require the use of super logic instead of classical logic.

Like classical logic, superlogic also has the following basic functions: negation, disjunct - sum, conjunction - product, implication and equivalence.

The superlogical truth table of negation reads:

AND AND 0 1 1 0 uo Hive Hive uo

While in electrical realization of basic logic functions classical non-energetic signals, or normally closed contacts of relays and the like are used in classical logic, this possibility is not in super logic. Only the relay contacts or contactors and only the power signals are used. Therefore, in superlogics, there is no need for a special term for negation. Negation is accomplished by simply switching the leads between 0 and 1, respectively between UO and U1.

Superlogical tables of basic superlogical functions read:

AND (B) A in B disjunction A Λ B conjunction A - + B implication A w B equivalence 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 uo UO 0 1 Hive 0 Hive Hive 0 1 uo 0 1 1 0 1 0 uo 0 uo 0 Hive Hive uo uo uo uo Hive Hive uo Hive Hive uo Hive uo uo 1 1 uo 1 uo Hive 0 Hive 0 uo uo Hive uo Hive uo uo uo Hive Hive Hive Hive Hive Hive Hive 1 1 Hive 1 Hive

continued table

AND (B) A in B disjunction A Λ B conjunction A - * B implication A «B equivalence 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 UO 1 UO UO UO 1 Hive 1 Hive Hive Hive 1 1 1 1 1 1

Suitable fields of application have been pointed out above.

Claims (4)

1. Connection of four-value logic circuits, consisting of switching elements, characterized in that in order to create a disjunction, a parallel combination of the first switching element is connected between the input (V) and the output (VS) of the circuit. (A1) the logical value of 1 variable (A) and the first switching element (B1) of the logical value of 1 variable (B) to the first logical output (W1) and the parallel combination of the first switching element (1 AO) of the logical value 0 of variable (A) the first switching element (1 AUO) of the logical value UO variable (A), the first switching element (1 AU1) of the logical value U1 variable (A), in series with the first switching element (Bul) of the logical value U1 variable (B) to which a parallel combination of the first switching element (1 BUO) of the logic value UO variable (B) and the first switching element (1 BO) of the logic value 0 of the variable (B) in series with the second switching element (2 AU1) ) the logic value of U1 variable (A) to the second logic output (WU1) and the parallel combination of the second switching element (2 BUO) of the logical value UO variable (B) and the second switching element (2 BO) of the logical value 0 variable (B) with a second switching element (2 AUO) of the logical value of UO variable (A) to which a series combination of the second switching element (2 AO) of the logical value of 0 variable (A) and the third switching element (3 BUO) ) to the third logic output (WUO) and secondly the serial combination of the third switching element (3 AO) of the logic value 0 of the variable (A) and the third switching element (3 BO) of the logic value 0 of the variable (B) to the quarter logic output (W0), wherein, to form a conjunction and implication, the control of the switching elements by the logic values 0, 1, U0, U1 'of variables A and B is performed by other sequences, and the equivalence circuit is formed by three disjunction circuit. 2. Connection of four-valued logic circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that a parallel combination of the first switching element (1 AO) of the logic value 0 of the variable (A) and the first switching element is connected between the input (V) and the output (VS). (1 BO) logic * values of 0 variable (B) to the fourth logical output (W0), and a parallel combination of the first switching element (1A1) of the logical value of 1 variable (A), the first switching element (1 AUO) A) of the first switching element (1 AU1) of the logic value U1 of the variable (A) in series with the first switching element (1 BUO) of the logic value U0 of the variable (Β) to which the parallel combination of the first switching element (1 BU1) the value U1 of the variable (Β), the first switching element (1B1) of the logic value 1 of the variable (B) in series with the second switching element (2 AUO) of the logical value UO of the variable A to the third logical output (WUO) k a parallel combination of the second switching element (2 BU1) of the logic value U1 of variable (Β), the second switching element (2 B1) of the logic value 1 of variable B in series with the second switching element (2 AU1) connected in parallel the serial combination of the second switching element (2A1) of the logic value 1 of the variable (A) and the third switching element (3 BU1) of the logic value U1 of the variable (B) to the second logic output (WU1) A1) the logical value of 1 variable (A) and the third switching element (3B1) of the logical value of 1 variable (B) to the first logical output (W1). 3. Connection of four-valued logic circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that a parallel combination of the first switching element (1 AO) of the logic value 0 of the variable (A) and the first switching element is connected between the input (V) and the output (VS). (1B1) the logic value of 1 variable (B) to the first logic output (W1), and the parallel combination of the first switching element (1 AI) of the logical value of 1 variable (A), the first switching element (1 AUO) ) of the first switching element (1 AU1) of the logic value U1 of the variable (A) in series with the first switching element (1 BU1) of the logic value U1 of the variable (B) to which the parallel combination of the first switching element (1 BUO) of the logical value UO variable (B), first switching element (1 BO) of logic value 0 of variable (B) in series with second switching element (2 AUO) of logical value UO variable (A) to second logical output (WU1) front combination of the second switching element (2 BUO) of the logical value UO variable (B), the second switching element (2 BO) of the logical value 0 variable (B) in series with the second switching element (2 AU1) of the logical value U1 variable (A) the parallel combination of the second switching element (2 AI) of the logic value 1 of the variable (A, and the third switching element (3 BO) of the logic value 0 of the variable (B) to the third logic output (WUO) is connected in parallel (3A1) the logic value of 1 variable (A) and the third switching element (3BO) of the logic value of 0 variable (B) to the fourth output (WO). 4. Connection of four-valued logic points according to items 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that a first switch (S1) is connected between the first (W1) and the second (WU1) logical output and between the third (WUO) and the fourth (WO) logical output. a second switch (SO) is connected to form circuits for two-valued logic.