CS255143B1 - Cold-rolled alloyed steel lubricant - Google Patents

Abstract

Cold-chlorinated paraffin-based lubricant for alloyed steel materials contains 30 to 75% by weight. % chloro-paraffins with a chlorine content of 30 to 60 wt.%, 15 to 25 wt. mineral oil containing 15 to 30 wt. of mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and containing 2 to 12 wt. % of two and multinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons based on the total weight of the oil; at least one of castor oil, sunflower oil, abietic esters, synthetic lecithin further 0.1 to 8 wt. % fatty acid epoxy esters and 0.1 to 8 wt. alkylamines having a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group having a total number of carbon atoms of 6 to 18, or their fatty acid or ethanolamine salts with a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group. The weight ratio of epoxyalkyl ester to nitrogen compounds ranges from 4: 1 to 1: 2.

Description

Most of the prior art lubricants for forming steel materials such as tubes, rods, profiles and wires (for extreme forming conditions) are based on chlorinated compounds. These materials have excellent forming properties under extreme pressure conditions since metal chloride support layers are formed on the friction knots, the resulting chlorides are good carriers of the lubricating layer and themselves have advantageous friction characteristics under forming conditions.

However, the organic chlorine compounds themselves do not have sufficient lubricating properties for a variety of forming operations and are therefore generally combined with other ingredients such as mineral and natural toleas, optionally with other additives affecting their stability, resistance to oxidation and hydrolysis. Some of the additives increase the affinity of the lubricant to the surface of the molded material and thus guarantee a higher stability of the lubricating film, while others significantly increase the stability of the chlorinated components, but they adversely affect the resulting coefficient of friction of the lubricant. In general, high-quality lubricants known to date are relatively unstable and relatively short-lived, while stabilized lubricants have inferior frictional characteristics.

While the amines or alkanolamines most commonly used for stabilizing chlorinated compounds have an excellent ability to bind released hydrogen chloride and form the corresponding hydrochlorides, increasing the hydrochloride content during operation significantly reduces the phase stability of the lubricating composition. In addition, some of the nitrogen compounds, for example ethanolamines, are very poorly soluble in the major, highly hydrophobic components of the lubricants.

epoxy compounds are also used to bind hydrogen chloride released by destruction of chlorinated compounds, but are less effective than nitrogenous substances. For most forming operations, the known stabilized lubricants are sufficient. However, with high demands on the forming process, such as large cross-sectional changes, difficult-to-form stainless steel or high demands on forming speed, surface quality of the formed material and low consumption of costly tools, these lubricants rapidly lose their lubricating ability and structurally degrade. In addition to the chlorinated constituents, the other decisive components of the lubricant are significantly degraded. Such degraded lubricants cannot be restored to their original properties by the supply of fresh chlorinated components or by regeneration consisting in the removal of mechanical impurities by filtration or by centrifugation and replenishment of the other constituents for the degraded portion. Disposal of used oils is difficult due to the chlorine content and, moreover, does not remain without environmental consequences. Therefore, it is an effort to prepare a long-life grease that is phase and structurally stable, with a high lubricity capability that does not decrease during operation.

Such a lubricant is an object of the present invention which comprises 30 to 75 wt. chlorparaffins with a chlorine content of 30 to 60 wt.%, 15 to 25 wt. mineral oil containing 15 to 30 wt. % of mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and having a content of 2 to 12 wt. % of two or more nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, based on the total weight of the oil; % of at least one of the castor, sunflower oil, abietic acid esters, synthetic lecithin; % of epoxialkyl fatty acid esters and 0.1 to 8 wt. alkylamines having a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group having a total number of carbon atoms of 6 to 18, or salts thereof with fatty acids or ethanolamines having a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group. The weight ratio of epoxy dialkyl to nitrogen compounds preferably ranges from 4: 1 to 1: 2.

The stabilizing effect of the alkanolamines lies primarily in the binding of hydrogen chloride from the decomposed chlorinated paraffins, and in addition the epoxy compound also binds the radicals resulting from the cleavage of the hydrocarbon components of the lubricant, forming long-chain esters in which the -C-O-C- group is incorporated. These esters make an important contribution to maintaining the excellent lubricating properties of the entire mixture. In addition, the epoxy-bonded component significantly promotes the solubility of the alkanolamines throughout the composition and thus allows to substantially increase both their stabilizing effect and the phase stability of the entire composition.

This can be documented by the results in the following tables, which show the effect of stabilizing additives and their mixtures on the breakdown temperature of the lubricant, a comparison of the lubricating properties of the compositions and the present invention on the tribometer, and the effect of the epoxy compound. .

Table I

Influence of stabilizing additives on temperature stability of base grease for stainless steel rolling

Sample Release temperature of the first HCl portions by heating a 20 g sample (standard temperature gradient of 30 ° C / min.) Base grease 115 base, grease + 1 wt. triethanolamine (TEA) 245 base, grease + 0.5 wt. epoxibutyl ester (EBE) 140 base, lubricant + 0,5% w / w octadecylamine (ODA) 190 base, grease + 0.14% rot. EBE + 1 wt. ODA 175 base, grease + 0.25 wt. EBE + 0.25 wt. ODA 198 base, grease + 0.5% wt. EBE + 0.5 wt. ODA 191 base, grease + · 0.75% wt. EBE + 0.75 wt. ODA 207 base, grease + 1.0 wt. EBE + 1.0 wt. ODA 208 base, grease + 2.0 wt. EBE + 2.0 wt. ODA 227 base, grease + 0.25% wt. TEA + 0.25 wt. ODA 208 base, grease + 0.5% wt. TEA + 0.5 wt. ODA 225 base, grease + 1.0 wt. TEA + 1.0 wt. ODA 235 base, grease + 0.25% wt. TEA + 0.25 wt. EBE 228 base, grease + 0.5% wt. TEA + 0.5 wt. EBE 239 base, grease + 0.75% wt. TEA + 0.75 wt. EBE 250 base, grease + 1.0% wt. % TEA 4- 1.0 wt. EBE 258 base, grease + 2.0 wt. TEA + 2.0 wt. EBE 270

Table IX

Changes in the friction coefficients of the base rolling oil measured on the tribometer (matt plates 19 550, matt plates 17 248, load 100 N, sliding speed 0,128 m / s, feed 0,092 m / s, t = 70 ° C)

Oil operating time (days) Wear plates (um) Friction coefficient at 1 0.40 0.120 9 0.40 0.121 30 0.41 0,123 37 0.43 0.125 51 0.45 0.129 57 0.48 0.132 84 0.55 0.145

Table III

Changes in the friction coefficient of the lubricant according to the invention measured on a tribometer (conditions given in the heading of Table II)

Oil operating time (days) Wear plates (um) Friction coefficient at 1 0.25 0.100. 9 0.25 0.105 30 0.25 0.109 37 0.30 0,110 51 0.25 0.106 57 0.25 0,107 84 0.25 0,107

Table IV

Effect of 2% w / w epoxibutyl ester additive. for the formation of deposits and for the coefficient of friction of the non-chlorinated components of the lubricant according to the invention, heated to 150 DEG C. for 5 hours.

Unstabilized chlorine-free lubricant components Stabilized chlorine-free lubricant components Contents of deposits after made test (% by weight) 5.8 0.3 friction coefficient measured on tribo- meter under the conditions specified in the heading of Table II 0,115

Ex 1 and d 70 % wt. 12 % wt. 16 % wt.

of refined petroleum oil containing 38% m / m monoaromatic hydrocarbons and 2 parts by volume of hydrotreated petroleum oil containing approx. % of monoaromatics and 2.9 wt. % of double and multinuclear aromatics triethanolamine '10 '22

The ingredients are mixed at 50-60 ° C. The resulting grease has a viscosity of about 140 mm ² s ^3/50 ° C as výševiskozní is suitable for low-speed pilgrim rolling larger diameters of pipes, in particular of stainless steel grade 17. A general wear indicator on a four-ball apparatus is greater than 110 kp which the lubricant categorizes the best. anti-abrasion properties.

Ex 1 and d 63 % wt 12 % wt 8 % wt

% chlorinated paraffins containing 40% Chlorine 2 mineral bearing oil with a viscosity of 20 mm.

^1/50 ° C of hydrotreated mineral oil with a viscosity index VI = 105% by weight; of castor oil 0.5 wt. triethanolamine

1.5 wt. epoxibutyl ester of a mixture of fatty acids C 1 to C ₂

The components are mixed at a temperature of 50 to 60 ° C to obtain a transparent material having a viscosity of 2-1 about 120 mm s, which is suitable as a lubricant for all sorts of pilgrims rolling alloy steel of class 17 in various profiles. The lubricant has a long service life, the viscosity increase after six months of operation is not more than 5% of the original value, the acidity value of the lubricant remains practically constant, the content of carbon polymers does not exceed 1.0% by weight after six months of operation. The lubricant, similar to the lubricant of Example 1, also belongs to the category with the highest readout indicators when evaluated by a four-ball apparatus.

Example wt. chlorinated paraffins with a chlorine content of 40% by weight

% wt. sunflower oil and mass. a mixture of mineral oil bearing oil having a viscosity of 18 mm ² with ^_1 / 50 ° C and hydrogenated oil with VI = 105 in wt. ratio 3: 2

0.5 wt. % of the reaction product of octadeoylamine and oleic acid 3.0 wt. % epoxibutyl ester of a C ₁₀ to C ₂₂ fatty acid mixture 0.5 wt. triethanolamine

The components are mixed at a temperature of 50-60 ° C to obtain a lubricant having a viscosity of 117 mm @ -1. The lubricant thus obtained is very stable at higher operating temperatures. Upon experimental heating to 150 ° C it starts to darken after 7 hours, and the acid number does not start to rise slightly until the temperature is constantly raised to 200 ° C in 20 hours. During operation, the chlorine content of the lubricant drops to a minimum of 25% by weight in 3 months.

Ex 1 and d 40 % wt 20 May % wt 5 % wt 30 % wt 4 % wt 1 % wt Folders up

chlorinated paraffins with a chlorine content of 40% by weight of castor oil of the abietic acid ethyl ester of a mineral oil of Example 1 octadecylamine ^C 10 ° C to obtain a transparent mixture. This grease is suitable for pulling, without high requirements for cross-sectional reduction (up to 15% in the case of class 17 material). Furthermore, the grease is suitable for drawing class 17 steel wires.

Example 5 wt. chlorinated paraffins with a chlorine content of 40% by weight

% hmpt. % of mineral oil according to Example 2 25 wt. castor oil

2.5 wt. % epoxibutyl ester of a fatty acid mixture up to C _{22 of} 0.5 wt. monoethanolamine

The mixture was homogenized at a temperature of 50 to 60 ° C to obtain a transparent oil having a visco2 -1 of about 115 mm s. This lubricant is stable to high temperatures. As the temperature gradually increases, it darkens up to 250 ° C, the first portions of hydrogen chloride being released at 285 ° C. It is suitable for long-term use in rolling pilgrims, for demanding rolling of AK materials, where a cross-section reduction of up to 70% is required. The surface of the material rolled using this oil is very smooth (rel. Surface roughness is less than 0.7 µm), the yield of the material after the defectoscopic inspection is greater than 95%.

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS 1. A cold forming lubricant based on chloroparaffins, mineral oil, polar constituents and stabilizing additives, characterized by. It comprises 30 to 75 wt. chlorparaffins with a chlorine content of 30 to 60 wt.%, 15 to 25 wt. mineral oil containing 15 to 30 wt. Mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons containing 2 to 12 wt. % of two or more nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, based on the total weight of the oil; % of at least one of the castor, sunflower oil, abietic acid esters, synthetic lecithin; % epoxy alkyl esters of fatty acids and 0.1 to 8 wt. alkylamines having a primary, secondary or tertiary amine group having a total carbon number of 6 to 18, or their fatty acid salts or ethanolamines having a primary, secondary or tertiary amine group, the weight ratio of epoxialkyl ester to nitrogen compounds being in the range of 4t to 1: 2. 2. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized by: The process of claim 1, wherein the mineral oil is a mixture of hydrotreated petroleum oil and selectively refined petroleum oil.