CS254511B1 - Separating material for separating high-molecular substances and aqueous solutions from their mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to the use of a ceramic porous partition based on alumina from mullite ceramics with a controlled porosity distribution from 0.001 to 10.0 µm as a separating material for separating high molecular weight substances and aqueous solutions from their mixture.

Description

The invention relates to the use of a ceramic porous partition as a separating material for separating high molecular weight substances and aqueous solutions from a mixture thereof.

Prior art designs of porous baffles for ultrafiltration separation of semolecular organic matter and aqueous solutions from mixtures thereof use porous baffles of the organic nature of various polymers such as cellulose acetate, aromatic vinyl copolymers, polyamides, polyimides, polysulfones or graphite.

The organic baffles are only applicable to a certain range of the chemical composition of the solutions, typically for weakly concentrated, neutral or non-aqueous solutions. weakly acidic or alkaline solutions, at normal or slightly elevated temperature. Their mechanical strength is limited and does not allow the use of higher pressure gradients on the porous bulkhead to increase the flow rate through the bulkhead. The porous partition based on graphite has low mechanical strength. Moreover, many of the organic substances to be separated chemically disrupt the polymer porous baffles themselves.

The above drawbacks are eliminated according to the invention by using a ceramic porous alumina-based baffle made of mullite ceramics with a standard composition of 60 to 85 wt. 14 to 37 wt. % SiO 2, 1 to 3 wt. % operating impurities such as MgO, TiO ₂ , ^Fe 2 ° 3 'CaO, Na ₂ 0, with through pores from a porosity level in the diameter range of 0.001 to 0.01 µm in an amount of 1 to 5%, in the diameter range of 0, 01 to 0.1 µm in an amount of 90 to 98 µm, in the range of diameters of 0.1 to 1.0 µm in an amount of 1 to 5 µm, to a porosity level in the range of diameters of 0.01 to 0.1 µm in an amount of 1 to 5 i, in the range of diameters of 0.1 to 1.0 µm in an amount of 90 to 98 i, in the range of diameters of 1.0 to 10.0 µm in an amount of 1 to 5%, as a separating material for separating higher molecular weight substances; aqueous solutions of mixtures thereof.

The main advantage of a ceramic porous baffle based on alumina as a separating material for separating high molecular weight substances and aqueous solutions from their mixtures lies in the possibility of controlling porosity in the range of 0.001 to 1.0 µm to 0.01 to 10.0 µm of the input grain size of the ceramic material and a partial sintering regime.

Other advantages are high mechanical strength of the ceramic porous septum and the possibility to process any technological liquids, which are an aqueous solution in the whole pH range of 0 to 14 of oxidative and reducing character, with any separated high molecular weight substance, at normal, lowered and elevated temperatures liquid at the applied pressure. Moreover, the ceramic porous partition is simple to manufacture, of tubular shape, mechanically, chemically and thermally cleanable.

In the tests of separation of oil substances, free and emulsified grease from aqueous solution of alkaline degreasing bath, in the range of velocity around ceramic membrane 0.1 to 10.0 ms \ at solution temperature 20 to 90 ° C, the separation of oil substances was measured in the range 90 to 99.9%, while the emulsifier content of the ultrafiltrate was almost maintained.

Exemplary uses of a ceramic porous alumina-based barrier as a separating material for separating higher molecular weight organic substances from aqueous solutions are:

- removal of free and emulsified petroleum products from water, degreasing baths and washing solutions,

- breakdown of oil emulsions, cooling and cutting fluids,

- removal of water and dissolved ions from diluted food products, ie dehydration (thickening of milk, etc.),

- removal of ballast ions from baths for electrochemical painting,

- cleaning the rinse water after electrochemical painting and returning the paint and purified water back to the process.

Claims (1)

The use of a mullite ceramic alumina ceramic porous barrier having a standard composition of 60 to 85 wt. % 14 to 37 wt. % SiO ₂ , 1 to 3 wt. % of operating impurities such as MgO, TiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , CaO, Na ₂ 0, with through pores from a porosity level in the range of diameters of 0.001 to 0.01 in an amount of 1 to 5%, in the range of diameters of 0.01 to 0.1 / am in an amount of 90 to 98%, in the pore range 0.1 to 1.0 / am in an amount of 1 to 5%, up to a porosity level in the range of diameters of 0.01 to 0.1 µm in the amount of 90 to 98% 98%, in the range of diameters of 1.0 to 10.0 µm in an amount of 1 to 5%, as a separating material for separating the higher molecular weight substances and aqueous solutions from their mixtures.