CS254255B1 - Evaporator for ferromons application - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution relates to an evaporator for application pheromones for monitoring in traps for mass trapping or fighting pests by disorientation. Evaporator it consists of a bundle of associated crimped fibers impregnated with cured binder into which the pheromone is optionally applied in admixture with an inert carrier.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for the continuous release of pheromones or other volatile substances. Pheromones are compounds secreted by individuals of a particular species, such as insects, to influence the behavior of other individuals of the same species. Sex pheromones, especially in butterflies, are mostly compounds produced by females that attract males over a distance of several tens to hundreds of meters. Conversely, in some beetle species, such as bark beetles, males produce sex pheromones and these act as aggregation pheromones and attract both males and females. Such aggregation pheromones can be used for mass capture of these pests.

For the practical use of pheromones or animal behavioral agents, it is necessary to ensure that an effective amount of the active substance is released into the desired space uniformly and over a long period of time, for example in insect pests throughout the flight of pests of one generation. The effective amount varies depending on the method of use and the type of pest.

Systems that allow this long-term and uniform release of active substances with high biological activity still need to meet a number of criteria. For example, it must provide protection against atmospheric oxidation, light and other environmental conditions that would degrade the effect, be suitable for ease of use and application, ensure a constant and reproducible release rate of the active ingredients over a predetermined period of time, effectively use expensive chemical compounds, the auxiliary chemical compounds and materials used must not adversely affect the desired effect, and finally these systems must be inexpensive both during manufacture and application. Individual formulations can hardly meet all these criteria.

In addition, the intended method of application must also be taken into account. Other formulations are needed for monitoring, others for mass capture and others for disorientation. A special problem is the use of multi-component pheromones, especially if they are all located in one evaporator and if their physico-chemical properties are different.

Methods of monitoring, mass trapping and disorientation in insects have led to the development of various evaporators (see, e.g., D.G. Campion et al. Controlled release of pheromones. Pestic. Sci. 9,

434 (1978) and references cited therein? E.R. Mitchell ed., Management of Insect Pests with Semiochemicals, Session IV, Formulation, Toxicology and Registration, pp. 403-455, Plenum Press, New York 1981 /. For monitoring, in practice, the active compounds are suitably incorporated into solid polymers, in particular polyethylene and rubber. Three methods have been developed and tested for disorientation, the first of which uses hollow fibers in which a pheromone is placed, which serves as a reservoir and as a way of controlling open-end evaporation, the second is microencapsulation and the third uses three-layer laminated plastic plates , in which the middle layer serves as a reservoir and the two outer layers influence the rate of evaporation of the active substances into the atmosphere.

An object of the present invention is an evaporator for the application of pheromones or substances affecting the behavior of animals, characterized in that it consists of a rod of a bundle of composite curled fibers impregnated with a cured binder, the porosity of the rod being 5 to 3

65%, a density of 1.0 to 1.25 g / cm and a mean effective radius of the maximum pore content of 2.5 to 50 .mu.m.

The bundle of composite curled fibers impregnated with a cured binder is preferably prepared according to AO No. 162 536. Any of the known textile fibers of both organic and inorganic origin can be used as fibers. Due to the availability and certain physicochemical properties, some of the fully synthetic fibers, such as polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile fibers and the like are preferably used. Various thermosetting resins such as epoxy, polyester, acrylic polymers or phenolic melamine-urea resins, etc.

Example 1

In accordance with the method of AO No. 162 536, bundles of conjugated crimped polyamide fibers impregnated with cured binder CHS epoxy with accelerator DETA P1 were prepared. Beam diameters of 2.6 to 2.8 mm, 3.9 to 4.2 mm and 5.4 to 5.8 mm were prepared using the technological procedure. By further processing, a blank having a diameter of 2.0 mm with a free internal volume of 40 to 45%, a diameter of 3.8 mm with a free internal volume of 45 to 55% and a diameter of 5.0 with a free internal volume of 55 to 60% was prepared. The mean effective radius of the maximally represented pore ranges from 22 to 42 µm for all three diameters. Depending on the type of application of the evaporator, rods or strands of appropriate length are then cut.

Example 2

Using the procedure of Example 1, but by changing the number of twists per m and increasing the tension of the beam, a blank of 2.6 to 2.8 mm in diameter with a lower porous structure and a free internal volume of about 35% or less is prepared. 25%.

Example 3

The bars prepared according to Example 1, 25 mm long, were impregnated with (E) -9-dodecen-1-yl acetate (98%, 0.1 mg) and 10 mg paraffin oil per piece, after which the benzene was evaporated freely in air . Evaporators were used to monitor the flight of larch wrapper, Zeiraphera diniana (Gh). The table shows the average catch of larch wrapper per trap (n = 10) and compared with a CM 4 408 evaporator made of rubber and containing the same dose of the active substance.

Evaporator Total capture for the period

30.7. to 1.9.

CM 4 408 689 + 126 according to the invention 705 + 182

Example 4

The bars prepared according to Example 2 with a free internal volume of 35%, length 25 mm were impregnated with benzene solution of (E, E) -8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (99.2%, 0.5 mg), after which the benzene was evaporated. freely on the air. The evaporators were used to monitor the apple wrapper, Cydia pomonella (L.) and compared to a rubber evaporator CM 4 408 from Gumárny SNP n.p. D. Buoys and a commercial product of Zoecon Corporation, USA. The table shows the cumulative catches of the carnivore for 4 traps and the numbers of non-target species, the dose of the active substance in a commercial vaporizer not known.

Evaporator Total capture for non-target period 30.6. to 1.8. species according to the invention 36 1 CM 4 408 33 0 Zoecon 37 9

Example 5

A strand prepared according to Example 2 with a free internal volume of 35%, length 100 mm, was impregnated with a solution of (E, E) -8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (99.2%, 20 mg per meter) in paraffin oil (50 ml). ml) and benzene (100 ml), after which the benzene was evaporated in the air. The strand thus prepared was used to disorient the apple wrapper Cydia pomonella (L.).

When applied in an apple orchard, the rope was stretched into the apple tree crowns on a square area of 0.1 ha. The control area of the same size was placed at a distance of 500 m. The disorientation effect was assessed by pheromone traps fitted with standard pheromone baits for monitoring and placed 3 pieces at a height of 2 m on the western sides of the crowns.

The table shows the numbers of wrappers caught in individual traps in the period

Claims (2)

1. Evaporator for the application of pheromones or substances which influence the behavior of animals, characterized in that it consists of a rod of a bundle of composite curled fibers impregnated with cured binder, the rod porosity is 5 to 65%, density 1.0 to 1.25 g / cm and medium the effective radius of the maximally represented pores is 2.5 to 50 µm. Evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that the bundle of bundled crimped fibers is composed of fully synthetic, for example polyamide, fibers impregnated with a cured synthetic, for example epoxy resin.