CS249757B1

CS249757B1 - The method of manufacturing thermoplastic products by injection molding

Info

Publication number: CS249757B1
Application number: CS817559A
Authority: CS
Inventors: Vsevolod V Abramov; Vsevolod V Kuznecov; Alexandr V Veselov; Vitalij S Tchaj; Nikolaj I Rysin; Vasilij I Gerasimov
Original assignee: Vsevolod V Abramov; Vsevolod V Kuznecov; Alexandr V Veselov; Vitalij S Tchaj; Nikolaj I Rysin; Vasilij I Gerasimov
Priority date: 1981-10-13
Filing date: 1981-10-13
Publication date: 1987-04-16
Also published as: CS755981A1

Abstract

Řešeni se týká oblasti zpracováni plastických hmot, jmenovitě- způsobu výroby výrobků z termoplastů vstřikováním. Očelem řešení je zvýšeni pevnosti výrobků. Navržený způsob výroby výrobků z termoplastů vstřikováním zahrnuje zaplňování tvarovacích dutin taveninou polymeru při současném chlazeni těchto dutin, dále ukládání tvarovací látky pod tlakem a ochlazováni. Podle daného vynálezu se po zaplněni tvarovacích dutin tavenina polymeru protlačuje tvářecími dutinami při teplotě, která je maximálně o 20 až 25 0 C vyšší, než je taviči teplota nebo teplota tečení, a při tlaku 90 až 300 MPa s tím, že ee tvářecí dutiny. Ooblazují od - 20 °C do teploty začátku tavení nebo tečení termoplastu, -to vše až do dosaženi pevného skupenství polymeru v celém objemu výrobků.The solution relates to the field of processing plastics, namely - a method of manufacturing thermoplastic products by injection molding. The purpose of the solution is to increase the strength of the products. The proposed method of manufacturing thermoplastic products by injection molding includes filling the molding cavities with a polymer melt while simultaneously cooling these cavities, further depositing the molding substance under pressure and cooling. According to the invention, after filling the molding cavities, the polymer melt is extruded through the molding cavities at a temperature that is a maximum of 20 to 25 0 C higher than the melting temperature or flow temperature, and at a pressure of 90 to 300 MPa, with the molding cavities being heated from - 20 °C to the temperature of the beginning of melting or flow of the thermoplastic, - all this until the solid state of the polymer is achieved in the entire volume of the products.

Description

(54) Způsob výroby výrobků z termoplastů vstřikováním(54) Method of manufacturing thermoplastic products by injection molding

Řešeni se týká oblasti zpracováni plastických hmot, jmenovitě- způsobu výroby výrobků z termoplastů vstřikováním.The solution relates to the field of plastic processing, namely a method of manufacturing thermoplastic products by injection molding.

Očelem řešení je zvýšeni pevnosti výrobků. Navržený způsob výroby výrobků z termoplastů vstřikováním zahrnuje zaplňování tvarovacích dutin taveninou polymeru při současném chlazeni těchto dutin, dále ukládání tvarovací látky pod tlakem a ochlazováni. Podle daného vynálezu se po zaplněni tvarovacích dutin tavenina polymeru protlačuje tvářecími dutinami při teplotě, která je maximálně o 20 až 25 ⁰C vyšší, než je taviči teplota nebo teplota tečení, a při tlaku 90 až 300 MPa s tím, že ee tvářecí dutiny. Ooblazují od - 20 °C do teploty začátku tavení nebo tečení termoplastu, -to vše až do dosaženi pevného skupenství polymeru v celém objemu výrobků.The purpose of the solution is to increase the strength of the products. The proposed method of manufacturing thermoplastic products by injection molding includes filling the molding cavities with a polymer melt while simultaneously cooling these cavities, further depositing the molding substance under pressure and cooling. According to the invention, after filling the molding cavities, the polymer melt is extruded through the molding cavities at a temperature that is no more than 20 to 25 ⁰ C higher than the melting temperature or flow temperature, and at a pressure of 90 to 300 MPa, with the molding cavities being heated from - 20 °C to the temperature of the beginning of melting or flow of the thermoplastic, - all this until the solid state of the polymer is achieved in the entire volume of the products.

2A9 7572A9 757

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TEPMOIUIAČTOB JWTbEM ΠΟΑ flARJIEHHEMTEPMOIUIAČTOB JWTbEM ΠΟΑ flARJIEHHEM

H3o6peTéHne othochtch k nepepaSoTKe njiacTMacc npn ΗβΓοτοΒπεΗΗΗ, b nacTHOCTH, JTHTbBM nOfl flaBJIBHHBM, Η ΜΟΧβΤ 6bITb HCnOJIb3OBaHO B aBTOMOČHJieCTpoehhh, MaoiHHocTpoeHHH, a τβκχε b pHfle flpyrnx oTpacneň HapoflHoro xo3HňcTpa.H3o6peTéHne othochtch k nepepaSoTKe njiacTMacc npn ΗβΓοτοΒπεΗΗΗ, b nacTHOCTH, JTHTbBM nOfl flaBJIBHHBM, Η ΜΟΧβΤ 6bITb HCnOJIb3OBaHO B aBTOMOČHJieCTpoehhh, MaoiHHocTpoeHHH, a τβκχε b pHfle flpyrnx oTpacneň HapoflHoro xo3HňcTpa.

H3BecTeH cnocoB η3γοτοβπ«ηηη Η3Αβηπή H3 TepMonnacTOB JiHTbéM nofl flaeneηηθμ, BKJiioqaHUHít nocjiegOBaTenbHoe HarHeTaHne pacnnaBneHHoro MaTepnajia nepea jiHTMHKOByio cHCTeMy 8 napajtnanbHo pacnonoxeHHbie οφορΜππιοΉΗε ποποετΗ, Bbiflepxxy nofl flaBJíeHHeM h oxjťaxfleHHé, cornacHO KOTopoMy nepByro nopipno pácruiaBa ΗβΓΗβτβιοτ cHaqana b nepsyrn noJiocTb φσρΜΜ, oxnaxflaioT b Heň, 3aTeM b cepflfleBHHy oxjiaxflaeMoro H3flepHH b nepeoft ποποοτη h oflHOBpeMeHHo bo BTopyro nonocTb Φορμη BnpbicKHBatoT BTopyio fl03y pacnnaea η τ·α. (τρπ οφορΜηκιοπριε ποποοτη) ti].H3BecTeH cnocoB η3γοτοβπ«ηηη Η3Αβηπή H3 TepMonnacTOB JiHTbéM nofl ḥaneηηθμ, BKJiioqaHUHít nocjiegOBaTenbHoe HarHeTaHne pacnnaBneHHoro MaTepnajia nepea jiHTMHKOByio cHCTeMy 8 napajtnanbHo pacnonoxeHHbie οφορΜππιοΉΗε ποποετΗ, Bbiflepxxy nofl flaBJíeHHeM h oxjťaxfleHHé, cornacHO KOTopoMy nepByro nopipno pácruiaBa ΗβΓΗβτβιοτ cHaqana b nepsyrn noJiocTb φσρΜΜ, oxnaxflaioT b Hay, 3aTeM b cepflfleBHHy oxjiaxflaeMoro H3flepHH b nepeoft ποποτη h oflHOBpeMeHHo bo BTopyro nonocTb Τορμη BnpbicKHBatoT BTopyio fl03y pacnnaea η τ·α. (τρπ οφορΜηκιοπριε ποποοτη) ti].

HeflOCTaTKOM Η3ΒβΟΤΗθΓΟ cnocoča ΗΒΠΗβΤΟΗ HeBO3MOXHOCTb nOJiyW8HHH BblCOKOnpoMHbix HSflejiHň H3 TepMoiuiačTOB, Tax xax MHoroxpaTHbie βπρμοκη b 3aMKHyTy» ΟφορΜΠΗΚΧΟΥΚ) nOJIOCTb MOXHO npOH3BÓflHTb TOJIbKO npH BblCOKHX TeMnepaTypaX paC“ nnaea η φορΜΜ, a τεκχε npn SoJibmoň τοππρίΗε n3flennH.HeflOCTaTKOM Η3ΒβΟΤΗθΓΟ cnocoča ΗΒΠΗβΤΟΗ HeBO3MOXHOCTb nOJiyW8HHH BblCOKOnpoMHbix HSflejiHň H3 TepMoiuiačTOB, Tax xax MHoroxpaTHbie βπρμοκη b 3aMKHyTy» ΟφορΠΗΚΧΟΥΚ) nOJIOCTb MOXHO npOH3BÓflHTb TOJIbKO npH BblCOKHX TeMnepaTypaX paC“ nnaea η φορΜΜ, a τεκχε npn SoJibmoň τοππρίΗε n3flennH.

HanBonee 6jih3Khm no TexHHnecKoň cy^Hocra κ npeflnaraeMOMy hbjihotch cnoco6 Η3Γ0Τ0ΒηεΗΗΗ H3flenHň H3 TepMonnacTOB JiHTbeM nofl ΑβΒΠβΗΗβΜ, BKnmatomHň sanonHeHHa pacnnaBOM nojiHMepa οφορΜΠΗκπρίχ nonocTeň πρη oflHOBpeMeHHoM hx oxnaxneHHH, BMflepxxy nofl ΑβΒΠβΗΗβΜ η oxnaxfleHHe t2].HanBonee 6jih3Khm no TexHHnecKoň cy^Hocra κ npeflnaraeMOMy hbjihotch cnoco6 Η3Γ0Τ0ΒηεΗΗΗ H3flenHň H3 TepMonnacTOB JiHTbeM nofl ΑβΒΠβΗΗβΜ, BKnmatomHň sanonHeHHa pacnnaBOM nojiHMepa οφορΠΠΗκπρίχ nonocTeň πρη oflHOBpeMeHHoM hx oxnaxneHHH, BMflepxxy nofl ΑβΒΠβΗΗβΜ η oxnaxfleHHe t2].

H3BecTHbiň cnocoB npeflycMaTpHBaeT H3roTOBJieHHe b oflHoň φορΜε HecKonbKHX . nOCJI8AOBaT8JlbHO ρβΟΠΟΠΟΧβΗΗΜΧ H3fl8JIHň, HTO οΒεΟΠβΗΗΒβεΤΟΗ npHM8H8HH8M BblCOKHX TeMnepaTyp paciuiaBa η Φορμμ. Βηοοκηθ TéMnepaTypbi pacnnaea η Φορμμ npn nepepaBoTKe πητηθμ nofl ΑβΒπβΗΗβΜ πρηβοαητ κ hhskhm προηηοοτημμ xapaKTepHCTHKaM H3flejIHft, nOCKOflbKy OHH yeejlHHHBaiOT nOflBHXHOCTb ΠΟΠΗΜβρΗΜΧ 3B6Hb8B B flenH H, CfleflOBaTenbHO, CHHXaiOT flonto OPHeHTHpOBaHHbIX CTpyKTypHblX 3ΠβΜεΗtob no oSteMy H3flenHH.H3BecTHbiň cnocoB npeflycMaTpHBaeT H3roTOBJieHHe b oflHoň φορΜε HecKonbKHX . nOCJI8AOBaT8JlbHO ρβΟΠΟΠΟΧβΗΗΜΧ H3fl8JIHň, HTO οΒεΟΠβΗΗΒβεΤΟΗ npHM8H8HH8M BblCOKHX TeMnepaTyp paciuiaBa η Τορμμ. Βηοοκηθ TéMnepaTypbi pacnnaea η Τορμμ npn nepepaBoTKe πητηθμ nofl ΑβΒπβΗΗβΜ πρηβοαητ κ hhskhm πρηηοοτημμ xapaKTepHCTHKaM H3flejIHft, nOCKOflbKy OHH zeijlHHHBaiOT nOflBHXHOCTb ΠΟΠΗΜβρΗΜΧ 3B6Hb8B B flenH H, CfleflOBaTenbHO, CHHXaiOT flonto OPHeHTHpOBaHHbIX CTpyKTypHblX 3ΠβΜεΗtob no oSteMy H3flenHH.

TaKHM o6pa3óM, Η3βεετΗΜΜ cnocoBoM τβκχε H8bo3momho nonynaTb βμοοκοπροηHbie KOHCTpyKflHOHHbie H3flejTHfl H3 TepMonnacTOB.TaKHM o6pa3óM, Η3βεετΗΜΜ cnocoBoM τβκχε H8bo3momho nonynaTb βμοοκοπροηHbie KOHCTpyKflHOHHbie H3flejTHfl H3 TepMonnacTOB.

B&nbio H3o6peTeHHH HBJíHéTCH noBbímeHHe np.OMHocTH AHTbBBbix H3fl8jiHň H3 τερMonnacTos.B&nbio H3o6peTeHHH HBJíHéTCH noBbímeHHe np.OMHocTH AHTbBBbix H3fl8jiHň H3 τερMonnacTos.

-2yK33aHHaH yejib flocraraeTCH τβΜ, ίτο cornacHo cnocoSy η3γοτοβπ6ηηη H3ftejiHH H3 TepMormacTOB nHTbeM nofl flaBnemeM, BKnionaiomeMy 3anonHeHne pacnnaBOM rioJiHMepa οφορΜπηκ)ΐΐ(Ηχ nonocTeň npn onnoBpeMeHHOM hx oxnaacfleHHH, bwflepxKy nofl flaBneHHeM h oxnaacfleHHe, nocne 33Ποβηθηηη οφορΜηηιοιιχΗχ nonocTeň pac.njiaB nonuMepa npoflaBJíHBaioT npn T.eMnepaType BMine TeMnepaTypw nnaBneHHH hjih TexynecTH repMon/iacra na 20-25°C h fíaBJjeHHH 90-300 Míla nepe3 οφορΜηπroume nojiocTH, oxnaacflaeMbie ot -20°C no TeMnepaTypw Hanana nnaBneHHH hjih TeKynecTH TepMonnacTa no nocTHHceHHH TBepnoro arperaTHoro coctohhhh nonHMepa no o6i>eMy H3nenHň.-2yK33aHHaH yejib flocraraeTCH τβΜ, ίτο cornacHo cnocoSy η3γοτοβπ6ηηη H3ftejiHH H3 TepMormacTOB nHTbeM nofl flaBnemeM, BKnionaiomeMy 3anonHeHne pacnnaBOM rioJiHMepa οφορΜπηκ)ΐΐ(Ηχ nonocTeň npn onnoBpeMeHHOM hx oxnaacfleHHH, bwflepxKy nofl flaBneHHeM h oxnaacfleHHe, nocne 33Ποβηηηη οφορΜηηιοιιχΗχ nonocTeň pac.njiaB nonuMepa npoflaBJíHBaioT npn T.eMnepaType BMine TeMnepaTypw nnaBneHHH hjih TexynecTH repMon/iacra at 20-25°C h fíaBJjeHHH 90-300 Mila nepe3 οφορΜηπroume nojiocTH, oxnaacflaeMbie ot -20°C no TeMnepaTypw Hanana nnaBneHHH hjih TeKynecTH TepMonnacTa no nocTHHceHHH TBepnoro arperaTHoro coctohhhh nonHMepa no o6i>eMy H3nenHň.

lípu npoflaBJíHBaHHH nofl flaBJíeHneM 90-140 MTIa οφορΜΠΗίοιιηΐθ nonocTH oxna»najót ot -20 flo +60°C.lime npoflaBJíHBaHHH nofl flaBJíeHneM 90-140 MTIa οφορΠΠΗίοιιηΐθ nonocTH oxna»najót ot -20 flo +60°C.

lípu npoflaBJíHBaHHH pacnnaBa qepe3 οφορΜηπιοπίΗθ nonocTH ocymecTBnHioT npHHyAHTeJibHoe nocTynaTejibHoe nepeMemeHHe οαηογο H3 ποαβηχημχ βπθμθητοβ οφορΜηπlomnx noBepxHocTeň β HanpaBneHHH TeneroiH Ma‘fepnajia, a απη nonwx τεη BpameHHH - npHHyflHTeJIbHOe BpameHHe OflHOH H3 ΠΟΑΒΗ5ΚΗΜΧ οφορΜΠΗΙΟΜΗΧ nOBepXHOCTeň oTHocHTejibHo npyroň.lipu npoflaBJíHBaHHH pacnnaBa qepe3 οφορΜηπιοπίΗθ nonocTH ocymecTBnHioT npHHyAHTeJibHoe nocTynaTejibHoe nepeMemeHHe οαηογο H3 ποαβηχημχ βπθμθητοβ οφορΜηπlomnx noBepxHocTeň β HanpaBneHHH TeneroiH Ma'fepnajia, a απη nonwx τεη BpameHHH - npHHyflHTeJIbHOe BpameHHe OflHOH H3 ΠΟΑΒΗ5ΚΗΜΧ οφορΠΠΗΙΟΜΗΧ nOBepXHOCTeň oTHocHTejibHo npyroň.

IIponaBnHBaHHe nonuMepa ocymecTBnHioT nyTeM c6nnsceHHH noBepxnocTeň οφορΜπηωιαηχ nonocTeň,. 3anonnneMbix b oSbeMe, b 1,5-3 pa3a npeewinaiomeM ofíbeM H3flenHH, η BbiflaBnHBaHHH H36biTKa MaTepnana.IIponaBnHBaHHe nonuMepa ocymecTBnHioT nyTeM c6nnsceHHH noBepxnocTeň οφορΜπηωιαηχ nonocTeň,. 3anonnneMbix b oSbeMe, b 1.5-3 pa3a npeewinaiomeM ofíbeM H3flenHH, η BbiflaBnHBaHHH H36biTKa MaTepnana.

Ha Φηγ. 1 npeflCTaBnena 3KcnepHMeHTanbHaH οτηΗΒΚΒ, nonynaeMan nnTbeM non AaBneHneM. OTnuBxa coctoht H3 ynponHeHHoro H3flennn 1, HanpnMep, neHTpanbHoro 6, paaBOflHinero 5 h BnycKHoro .buthhkob η BToporo nuTbeBoro H3nennH 2, coejjHHeHHoro c ynponHHeMWM H3flenneM flpoccennpyioiuHM oTBepcTneM 3 c ceneHneM, perynnpyeMbiM b npoqecce nuTbn, nnóo nofl6npaeMbiM 3a cneT BCTaBox c nonepenHbíM ceneHneM, opneHTHpoBaHHbíM ná KOHKpeTHbiň flnana3OH perynupoBaHHH naBneHHH, npuneM yxa3aHHoe ceneHne yMenbniaioT c yBennneHHeM naBneHHH nHTbH. KpoMe.Toro, ΒΟ3ΜΟ5ΚΗΟ nonynenne OTnHBKa 6e3 neHTpanbHoro h pa3Boflnmero ηητηηκοβ 3a cneT ňcnonb3OBaHHn ropHMeKaHanbHbix BnycKOB. ,Ha Φηγ. 1 npeflCTaBnena 3KcnepHMeHTanbHaH οτηΗΒΚΒ, nonynaeMan nnTbeM non AaBneHneM. OTnuBxa coctoht H3 ynponHeHHoro H3flennn 1, HanpnMep, neHTpanbHoro 6, paaBOflHinero 5 h BnycKHoro .buthhkob η BToporo nuTbeBoro H3nennH 2, coejjHHeHHoro c ynponHHeMWM H3flenneM flpoccennpyioiuHM oTBepcTneM 3 c ceneHneM. perynnpyeMbiM b npoqecce nuTbn, nnóo nofl6npaeMbiM 3a cneT BCTaBox c nonepenHbíM ceneHneM, opneHTHpoBaHHbíM ná KOHKpeTHbiň flnana3OH perynupoBaHHH naBneHHH, npuneM yxa3aHHoe ceneHne yMenbniaioT c yBennneHHeM naBneHHH nHTbH. KpoMe.Toro, ΒΟ3ΜΟ5ΚΗΟ nonynenne OTnHBKa 6e3 neHTpanbHoro h pa3Boflnmero ηητηηκοβ 3a cneT ňcnonb3OBaHHn ropHMeKaHanbHbix BnycKOB. ,

JlHTHHKoaan cncTeMa BbinonHHeTCH c pa3MepaMH, 6onbuiHMH ηπη ρββημμη τοηπρίHe η iuupHHe ynpoHHHeMoro H3flennH, TaKHM o6pa3OM, o6ecneHHBaioTCH ycnoBHH TeneHHH TepMonnacTa β ηκτΗΗκοΒοή cucTeMe h ynpouHHěMOM H3flenHH, npn κοτοροΜ MaTepnan npoTexaeT nepe3 jihthhk Bnycxa no τβχ nop, noxa coxpanHeTcn κηβοθ ceneHHe b ynpoqHaeMoM H3aenHH npn npoflaBnHBaHHH pacnnaBa.JlHTHHKoaan cncTeMa BbinonHHeTCH c pa3MepaMH, 6onbuiHMH ηπη ρββημμη τοηπρίHe η iuupHHe ynpoHHHeMoro H3flennH, TaKHM o6pa3OM, o6ecneHHBaioTCH ycnoBHH TeneHHH TepMonnacTa β ηκτΗΗκοΒοή cucTeMe h ynpouHHěMOM H3flenHH, npn κοτοροΜ MaTepnan npoTexaeT nepe3 jihthhk Bnycxa no τβχ nop, noxa coxpanHeTcn κηβοθ ceneHHe b ynpoqHaeMoM H3aenHH npn npoflaBnHBaHHH pacnnaBa.

IIofloSHbie nHTHHKOBbie CHCTeMbi oSecnenHBaioT OflHOBpeMeHHOe Φορμοββηηθ HecKonbKHX ynpon.HeHHWX n3flenHň, pacnono«eHHbjx b ηκτ&θΒΟΗ φορΜβ πη6ο nocnenoBaTenbHo, nn(5o napannenbHo.IIofloSHbie nHTHHKOBbie CHCTeMbi oSecnenHBaioT OflHOBpeMeHHOe Φορμοββηηθ HecKonbKHX ynpon.HeHHWX n3flenHň, pacnono«eHHbjx b ηκτ&θΒΟΗ φορΜβ πη6ο nocnenoBaTenbHo, nn(5o napannenbHo.

H3roTOBneHHe ynponHeHHbix H3fíennň tí3 TepMonnacTOB aaxníonaeTCH b cnenyiomeM.H3roTOBneHHe ynponHeHHbix H3fíennň tí3 TepMonnacTOB aaxníonaeTCH b cnenyiomeM.

HarpeTbiň h roMoreHH3HpoB3HHwň b MaTepHanbHOM iíHnmmpe pácnnaB TepMonnacτημηογο MaTepnana He Btnne 20-25°C TeMnepaTypw nnaBneHHH hhh TexynecTH h naBneHHH ηητ&η 90-300 Míla β TeneHne oflHoro xona niHexa HameTaioT, HanpHMepj nepe3 n%HTpanbHbiň ηητΗΗκ (Φηγ. 1), pa3BOflnnpíň KaHan h BnycxHoe oTBepcTne (hjih ropnneKaHanbHbiň Bnycx) b nepeyio nonocTb φορΜΜ, όφορΜΠΗίοιιΐθή ynponHneMoe H3p,enHe, flo ee 3anonHeHHH, xoHTponnpyeMoro flaTnnxoM TeMnepaTypw, npo/jaBnHBaioT nepe3 yxa3aHHyw nonocTb πρη οηΗΟΒρβΜβΗΗοΜ oxnaxneHHH nocneflHeň β τθμnepaTypHOM HHTepBane ot -20°C fío TeMnepaTypw Hanana nnaBneHHn hhh TexynecTH TepMonnacTa, h flpoccenHpyrowee oŤBepcTHe bo BTOpyio nonocTb φορΜΗ «ο aocth»θηηη TBepfloro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepnana no BceMy o6i>eMy ynponHHeMoro H3RenHH, κοτοροε KOHTponnpyeTCn, HanpuMep, no npeKpameHH» nocTynaTenbHoro nepeMemeHHH niHexa, nocne nero H3flenne (oTnHBxa) yflanneTCH H3 φορΜβί. KoHTponb nocTynaTenbHoro ΒΒΗΜβΗΗΗ niHexa ocymecTBnneTCH «aTHHKOM nepeMemeHHH, HanpHMep, peoxopflHoro THna.HarpeTbiň h roMoreHH3HpoB3HHwň b MaTepHanbHOM iíHnmmpe pácnnaB TepMonnactημηογο MaTepnana He Btnne 20-25°C TeMnepaTypw nnaBneHHH hhh TexynecTH h naBneHHH ηητ&η 90-300 Mila β TeneHne oflHoro xona niHexa HameTaioT, HanpHMepj nepe3 n%HTpanbHbiň ηητΗΗκ (Φηγ. 1), pa3BOflnnpíň KaHan h BnycxHoe oTBepcTne (hjih ropnneKaHanbHbiň Bnycx) b nepeyio nonocTb φορΜΜ, όφορΠΠΗίοιιΐθή ynponHneMoe H3p,enHe, flo ee 3anonHeHHH, xoHTponnpyeMoro flaTnnxoM TeMnepaTypw, npo/jaBnHBaioT nepe3 yxa3aHHyw nonocTb πρη οηΗΟΒρβΜβΗΗοΜ oxnaxneHHH nocneflHeň β τθμnepaTypHOM HHTepBane ot -20°C fío TeMnepaTypw Hanana nnaBneHHn hhh TexynecTH TepMonnacTa, h flpoccenHpyrowee oŤBepcTHe bo BTOpyio nonocTb φορΗH «ο aocth»θηηη TBepfloro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepnana no BceMy o6i>eMy ynponHHeMoro H3RenHH, κοτοροε KOHTponnpyeTCn, HanpuMep, no npeKpameHH» nocTynaTenbHoro nepeMemeHHH niHexa, nocne nero H3flenne (oTnHBxa) yflanneTCH H3 φορΜβί. KoHTponb nocTynaTenbHoro ΒΒΗΜβΗΗΗ niHexa ocymecTBnneTCH «aTHHKOM nepeMemeHHH, HanpMHep, peoxopflHoro THna.

-3ΠρΗ rmTbe ynpoHHeHHbix H3ftejiHň c flaBJíeHHeM jihti>h 90-140 Míla TeMnepaTypy οφορΜππιοηριχ nonocTeň Φορμη noflflepKHBaioT b HHTepsane no -20 no +6()°G.-3ΠρΗ rmTbe ynpoHHeHHbix H3ftejiHň c flaBJíeHHeM jihti>h 90-140 Mila TeMnepaTypes οφορΜππιοηριχ nonocTeň Τορμη noflflepKHBaioT b HHTepsane no -20 no +6()°G.

Ha CTaflHH nponaBnHBaHHH pacnnaBa Mewy ποποοτημη, οΦορμπηκμιημη Hanenna, čo3flaioT nepenaft naBneHHH, κοτορωίί noBbiuiaioT c yBejlHveHHeM flaBJíeHHH πϊιτβη 3a cqeT yMSHbmeHHH nonepenHoro ceneHHH npoccenHpyrantHx οτβθροτηη. flna toto,Ha CTaflHH nponaBnHBaHHH pacnnaBa Mewy ποποοτημη, οΦορμπηκμιημη Hanenna, čo3flaioT nepenaft naBneHHH, κοτορωίί noBbiuiaioT c yBejlHveHHeM flaBJíeHHH πϊιτβη 3a cqeT yMSHbmeHHH nonepenHoro ceneHHH npoccenHpyrantHx οτβθροτηη. flan this

HToGbi pacnnaB TepMonnacTa πρκ τθηθηηη nepea apoccenupyromee oTBepcTHe He nepemen B TBepfloe cocToHHHe paHbuie,neM no BceMy o6beMy ynponHHeMoro H3nenHH,npocceJwpyiomHe SJíeMeHTbi, HanpHMep CMeHHbie βοτηβκη, oSorpeBaiOT, HanpHMep, c noMombio TepMnnecKHX 3neKTpoHarpeBaTeneň no TeMnepaTypbi, He npeBbiiuatomeň TeMnepaTypy nanana nnaBneraia Ηπη TexynecTH κοΗκρβτΗοΓο TepMonnacTa.HToGbi pacnnaB TepMonnacTa πρκ τθηθηηη nepea apoccenupyromee oTBepcTHe He nepemen B TBepfloe cocToHHHe paHbuie,neM no BceMy o6beMy ynponHHeMoro H3nenHH,npocceJwpyiomHe SJíeMeHTbi, HanpHMep CMeHHbie βοτηβκη, oSorpeBaiOT, HanpHMep, c noMombio TepMnnecKHX 3neKTpoHarpeBaTeneň no TeMnepaTypbi, He npeBbiiuatomeň TeMnepaTypy nanana nnaBneraia Ηπη TexynecTH κοΗκρβτΗοΓο TepMonnacTa.

TaKHM o6pa3OM, Hcnonb3oBaHHe npn nponaBnHBaHHH nepee οφορΜηπιοπίγιο nonocTb pacnnaBa c TeMnepaTypoň He Bbnne 20-25° C TeMnepaTypbi nnaBneHHH ηπη τεκγηεοτκ H flaBJíeHHH JIHTbH 90-300 Míla πρη onHQBpeMeHHOM OXJiajKfleHHH JIHTbeBOH φορΜΜ B TeMnepaTypHOM HHTepBane ot -20°C no TeMnepaTypbt Hanana nnaBJíeHHH ηπη τβκγnecTH, yBemmeHHe nepena.ua naBneHHH Me»ny ποποοτημη 3a cneT υμθηβιιιθηηη nonepenHoro ceneHHH npoccennpyiomero oTBepcTHH πο3βοπηιοτ oSecnenHTb βηοοκηθ HanpjDKeHHH CflBHra πρκ τβηθΗΗΗ pacnnaBa, nocTWKeHHe HanpaBjíeHHo—opHeHTHpoBaHHoň CTpyKTypbi no BceMy očteMy ynponHHeMoro nuTbeBoro H3nenHH.TaKHM o6pa3OM, Hcnonb3oBaHHe npn nponaBnHBaHHH nepee οφορΜηπιοπίγιο nonocTb pacnnaBa c TeMnepaTypoň He Bbnne 20-25° C TeMnepaTypbi nnaBneHHH ηπη τεκγηεοτκ H flaBJíeHHH JIHTbH 90-300 Mile πη onHQBpeMeHHOM OXJiajKfleHHH JIHTbeBOH φορΜΜ B TeMnepaTypHOM HHTepBane ot -20°C no TeMnepaTypbt Hanana nnaBJíeHHH ηπη τβκγnecTH, yBemmeHHe nepena.ua naBneHHH Me»ny ποποοτημη 3a cneT υμθηβιιθηηη nonepenHoro ceneHHH npoccennpyiomer oTBepcTHH πο3βοπηιοτ oSecnenHTb βηοοκηθ HanpjDKeHHH CflBHra πρκ τβηθΗΗΗ pacnnaBa, nocTWKeHHe HanpaBjíeHHo—opHeHTHpoBaHHoň CTpyKTypbi no BceMy očteMy ynponHHeMoro nuTbeBoro H3nenHH.

ΠοΒΜΒίβΗΗΜβ npoHHocTHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH nHTbeBbix H3flenHň no npennaraeMOMy čnoco6y oSycnoBneHbí paBHOMepHbíM pacnpeneneHHeM βηθπιηθγο οηποβογο BO3neňcTBHH no φροΗτγ 3acTbiBiuero MaTepnana η Φορμηροββηηθμ ohhopoahoh no ceneHHio Η3ηθπΗΗ npeaejibno βμτηηυτοη b HanpaBneHHH πητβη MoneKynapHoň h HanMoneKynnpHoň cTpyKTypbi MaTepnana.ΠοΒΜΒίβΗΗΜβ npoHHocTHbie xapaKTepHCTHKH nHTbeBbix H3flenHň no npennaraeMOMy čnoco6y oSycnoBneHbí paBHOMepHbíM pacnpeneneHHeM βηθπιηθγο οηποβογο BO3neňcTBHH no φροΗτγ 3acTbiBiuero MaTepnana η Τορμηροβηθμ ohpoahoh no ceneHHio Η3ηθπΗΗ npeaejibno βμτηηυτοη b HanpaBneHHH πητβη MoneKynapHoň h HanMoneKynnpHoň cTpyKTypbi MaTepnana.

IIpeanaraeMbiM cnóco6oM β οη,ηοη φορΜε mohcho nonynaTb HecxonbKo pa3nHHHbix ynponHeHHbix nHTbeBbtx H3flenHň, κοΗκρετΗο.ε hx nncno onpeflenneTCH cooTHOiueHHeM cyMMbi oSbeMOB Φορμυθμμχ H3flenHíí h MomHocTbio y3Jia enpbicKa nHTbeBOň ManiHHbi.IIpeanaraeMbiM cnóco6oM β οη,ηοη φορΜε mohcho nonynaTb HecxonbKo pa3nHHHbix ynponHeHHbix nHTbeBbtx H3flenHň, κοΗκρετΗο.ε hx nncno onpeflenneTCH cooTHOiueHHeM cyMMbi oSbeMOB Τορμυθμχ H3flenHíí h MomHocTbio y3Jia enpbicKa nHTbeBOň ManiHHbi.

PacnnaB πρκ TeMnepaType He Bbíme 20-25°C TeMnepaTypbi nnaBneHHH ηπη TexynecTH H flaBJíeHHH πητβη 90-300 Míla HameTaioT 3a ο,π,ηη xon niHexa nepe3 μβΗΤpanbHbift 6 h pa3B0flHmHň 5 nHTHHxoBbie xaHanbi β οφορΜππιοιηγιο ynponHHeMoe H3nenne nonocTb 1 ηθ ee ποπηογο 3anonHeHHH (Φηγ. 2 h 3), nponaBnHšaioT nepe3 yxa3aHHyio nonocTb h oSorpeeaeMoe flpoecenupyromee OTBepcrae 3 β ποποοτη 2, οφορΜjiHKHneé Βτοροβ H3nenne, πρκηβΜ onuoBpeMeHHo c nponaBnHBaHHeM pacnnaeá ocymectbíihiot npHHyflHTenbHoe nepeMeineHHe οχιηογο H3 aneMeHTOB 7 οφορΜπήιοπίΗχ noeepxHócTeň β HanpaBneHHH TeneHHH MaTepnana, HanpHMep, c noMonibro rHflpoimnHHflpa 8, no flocTH»eHHH TBepfloro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepnana no BceMy oObeMy ýnpouHHeMoro H3nennH. IIpHHynHTenbHoe nepeMeineHHe oflHoro H3 aneMeHTos 7 οφορΜΠΗΜίιιβίί noBepxHocTH oflHOBpeMeHHo c npoflaBnHBaHHeM pacnnaBa πο3ΒοηΗβτ flononHHTenbHO cjiBHraTb h, cnenoBaTenbHo, opHeHTHpoBaTb TepMonnacTHHHbtň MaTepnan b neHTpanbHoň nacTH no ceneHHro ynponHHeMoro H3nenHH b HanpaBneHHH TeneHHH MaTepnana. KoHTponb nocTHateHHH TBepnoro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepnana no οδι,βΜγ ynponHHeMoro H3nenHH ocyinecTBnnwT nn6o no npexpameHHio abhHceHHH aneMeHTa 7 οφορΜΠΗίοπίθΐί noBepxHocTH, nn6o, ecnH βπθμθητ 7 ocTaHOBHncfl, a πΐΗβκ eme RBHHceTCH nocTynaTenbHo, nponaBnHBan pacnnaB nepe3 H3nenHe, no ocTaHOBKe ιπΗβκβ.PacnnaB πρκ TeMnepaType He Bbíme 20-25°C TeMnepaTypbi nnaBneHHH ηπη TexynecTH H flaBJíeHHH πητβη 90-300 Mila HameTaioT 3a ο,π,ηη xon niHexa nepe3 μβΗΤpanbHbift 6 h pa3B0flHmHň 5 nHTHHxoBbie xaHanbi β οφορΜππιοιηγιο ynponHHeMoe H3nenne nonocTb 1 ηθ ee ποπηογο 3anonHeHHH (Φηγ. 2 h 3), nponaBnHšaioT nepe3 yxa3aHHyio nonocTb h oSorpeeaeMoe flpoecenupyromee OTBepcrae 3 β ποποτη 2, οφορΜjiHKHneé Βτοροβ H3nenne, πρηβΜ onuoBpeMeHHo c nponaBnHBaHHeM pacnnaeá ocymectbíihiot npHHyflHTenbHoe nepeMeineHHe οχιηογο H3 aneMeHTOB 7 οφορΜπήιοπίΗχ noeepxHócTeň β HanpaBneHHH TeneHHH MaTepnana, HanpMHep, c noMonibro rHflpoimnHHflpa 8, no flocTH»eHHH TBepfloro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepnana no BceMy oObeMy ynpouHHeMoro H3nennH. IIpHHynHTenbHoe nepeMeineHHe oflHoro H3 aneMeHTos 7 οφορΜπΗΜίιιβίί noBepxHocTH oflHOBpeMeHHo c npoflaBnHBaHHeM pacnnaBa πο3ΒοηΗβτ flononHHTenbHO cjiBHraTb h, cnenoBaTenbHo, opHeHTHpoBaTb TepMonnacTHHHbtň MaTepnan b neHTpanbHoň nacTH no ceneHHro ynponHHeMoro H3nenHH b HanpaBneHHH TeneHHH MaTepnana. KoHTponb nocTHateHHH TBepnoro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepnana no οδι,βΜγ ynponHHeMoro H3nenHH ocyinecTBnnwT nn6o no npexpameHHio abhHceHHH aneMeHTa 7 οφορΠΠΗίοπίθΐί noBepxHocTH, nn6o, ecnH βπθμθητ 7 ocTaHOBHncfl, a πΐΗβκ eme RBHHceTCH nocTynaTenbHo, nponaBnHBan pacnnaB nepe3 H3nenHe, no ocTaHOBKe ιπΗβκβ.

Ha Φηγ. 3 noxa3aH BapnaHT ocymecTsneHHH· cnocoóa flnn H3nejlHH THna Tena BpaiueHHH, HanpHMep, nnnnHnpa (BTynxa, Μγφτα η τ.β.). 3a o^hh xoa mněna pacnnaB πρκ yKa3aHfibix pe>KHMax HarHeTaioT nepe3 ropHneKaHanbHbiH neHTpanbHbiíí 6 h pa3BonHiHHň 5 ηπτΗΗΚΗ β nepByio οφορΜΠΗίοιηγιο ynponHHeMoe H3oenHe 1 nonocTb ho ee ποπηογο 3.a.nonHeHHH, KOHTponnpyeMoro, HanpHMep, TepMonapoň, ycTaHOBnenHoň b KOHue nonocTH φορΜΒΐ, npoflasnHBaioT nepe3 yKa3aHHyio nonocTb h oSorpeBaeMoe npoccenupyiomee oTBepeTHe 3 bo BTopyio, οΦορμπημμυκ) HeynponHfeHHóe H3«enwe 2 nonocTb. OflHOBpeMeHHo c nponeccoM nponaBnHBaHHH pacnnaBa ocymecTBnHfOTHa Φηγ. 3 noxa3aH BapnaHT ocymecTsneHHH· cnocoóa flnn H3nejlHH THna Tena BpaiueHHH, HanpMHep, nnnnHnpa (BTynxa, Μγφτα η τ.β.). 3a o^hh xoa méná pacnnaB πρκ yKa3aHfibix pe>KHMax HarHeTaioT nepe3 ropHneKaHanbHbiH neHTpanbHbiíí 6 h pa3BonHiHHň 5 ηπτΗΗΚΗ β nepByio οφορΠΠΗίοιηγιο ynponHHeMoe H3oenHe 1 nonocTb ho ee ποπηογο 3.a.nonHeHHH KOHTponnpyeMoro, HanpMHep, TepMonapoň, ycTaHOBnenHoň b KOHue nonocTH φορΜΒΐ, npoflasnHBaioT nepe3 yKa3aHHyio nonocTb h oSorpeBaeMoe npoccenupyiomee oTBepeTHe 3 bo BTopyio, οΦορμπημμυκ) HeynponHfeHHóe H3«enwe 2 nonocTb. OflHOBpeMeHHo c nponeccoM nponaBnHBaHHH pacnnaBa ocymecTBnHfOT

-4BpameHHe οαηογο hs sneMéHTOB ((JjopMyromero 3MKa) 7 οφορκππιοιιιεΗ noBepxHocTH, HanpHMep c noMombio rHflpoflBHraTeJiH 8, no flocTmeHHH TBepfloro arperaTHoro eoctohhhh MaTepHana no BceMy o6teMy ynpoHHHeMoro H3flenHH 1, KoHTponb KOHpa npo-uecca oBecnenHBaioT jih6o nú npeKpaqeHHH BpaqeHHH oýopMnaromero 3HaKa 7, jih6o, ecjra BpameHHe 3HaKa npeKpaTHjiocb, a ιπΗβκ eme flBraeTca, - no οοτβΗΟΒκβ uiHexa,-4BpameHHe οαηογο hs sneMéHTOB ((JjopMyromero 3MKa) 7 οφορκππιοιιιεΗ noBepxHocTH, HanpMHep c noMombio rHflpoflBHraTeJiH 8, no flocTmeHHH TBepfloro arperaTHoro eoctohhhh MaTepHana no BceMy o6teMy ynpoHHHeMoro H3flenHH 1, KoHTponb KOHpa npo-uecca oBecnenHBaioT jih6o nú npeKpaqeHHH BpaqeHHH oýopMnaromero 3HaKa 7, jih6o, ecjra BpameHHe 3HaKa npeKpaTHjiocb, a ιπΗβκ eme flBraeTca, - no οοτβΗΟΒκβ uiHexa,

IIonynaioT ynponHeHHbie nHTbeBbie H3flenHH 1 TeKCTypupoBaHHbie xaK b nanpaBJíehhh τβηεΗΗΗ, τηκ η b TaHreHixuanbHOM HanpaBJíeHHH, hto BecbMa BascHO ajih H3aejihh, paóoTaioqHx no,q BHyTpeHHHM naBneHHeM, HanpHMep My<i>Tbi λπη TpySonpoBOflOB. IIpHHyaHTenbHoe BpaqeHHe ocjjopMJiHiomero 3HaKa 7 no3BonneT cflBHraTb η ορηθητηpoBaTb Marepnan b HanpaBJíeHHH, nepneH^HKyjiHpHOM HanpaBjíeHwo TeneHHH TepMOnnacTa.IIonynaioT ynponHeHHbie nHTbeBbie H3flenHH 1 TeKCTypupoBaHHbie xaK b nanpaBJíehhh τβηεΗΗΗ, τηκ η b TaHreHixuanbHOM HanpaBJíeHHH, hto BecbMa BascHO ajih H3aejihh, paóoTaioqHx no,q BHyTpeHHM naBneHHeM, HanpHMep My<i>Tbi λπη TpySonpoBOflOB. IIpHHyaHTenbHoe BpaqeHHe ocjjopMJiHiomero 3HaKa 7 no3BonneT cflBHraTb η ορηθητηpoBaTb Marepnan b HanpaBJíeHHH, nepneH^HKyjiHpHOM HanpaBjíeHwo TeneHHH TepMONnacTa.

Ha Φηγ. 4 h 5 npeflCTaBneHfai BapnaHTbi peaJiH3aipin cnocoča, cornacHo kotopmm pacnnaB npn yKa3aHHbix pe)KHMax .HarHeTaioT qepe3 ropHneKaHanbHMň jihthhk 5, 060rpeBaeMoe npoccenHpyioqee OTBepcTHe 6 β οφορΜππκ^ιο nonocTb č očqHM ο6ί>θμομ, npeBbímarcmHM ofíteM ynpoHHHeMoro H3,n;enHH b 1,5-3 pa3a, 3aTeM nepeMemaioT OflHy H3 ΟφορΜΠΗΙΟΠξΗΧ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤβΗ φορΜΜ K flpyrOH, HanpHMep, C nOMOIUhK) rHflpOUHJIHHflpa 4 flojicaTHH, cMOHTHposaHHoro Me»fly οπορηοη πηκτοή h xpeneacHbíM φπβΗΐχβΜ, flo flocTHjKeHHH TBepfloro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepHana no BceMy očteMy h 3anaHHoň TOJHUHHbl H3fleJIHH.Ha Phi. 4 h 5 npeflCTaBneHfai BapnaHTbi peaJiH3aipin cnocoča, cornacHo kotopmm pacnnaB npn yKa3aHHbix pe)KHMax .HarHeTaioT qepe3 ropHneKaHanbHMň jihthhk 5, 060rpeBaeMoe npoccenHpyioqee OTBepcTHe 6 β οφορΜππκ^ιο nonocTb č očqHM ο6ί>θμομ, npeBbímarcmHM ofíteM ynpoHHHeMoro H3,n;enHH b 1,5-3 pa3a, 3aTeM nepeMemaioT OflHy H3 ΟφορΜπΗΙΟΠξΗΧ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤβΗ φορΜΜ K flpyrOH, HanpHMep, C nOMOIUhK) rHflpOUHJIHHflpa 4 flojicaTHH, cMOHTHposaHHoro Me»fly οπορηοη πηκτοή h xpeneacHbíM φπβΗΐχβΜ, flo flocTHjKeHHH TBepfloro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepHana no BceMy očteMy h 3anaHHoň TOJHUHHbl H3fleJIHH.

ΠρΗ 3tom H3óbiTOK MaTepHana BbiflaBnHBaioT nepe3 oSorpeBaeMbie ropaneKaHanbHbiň πητηηκ 5 h npoccenupyioqee OTBepcTHe 6 jih6o β MaTepnanbHMň yHjiHHflp 14 (Φηγ. 4), jihďo oTKpbiBaioT KJianaH 10 πρηβοαομ 9 (Φηγ. 5) h pacnnaB nepe3 060rpeeaeMoe npoccenHpyroqee OTBepcTHe 8 BbiflaBnHBaioT b nonocTb, φopMyκM^ylo btopoe HeynpoHHHeMoe H3fi;enHe. KoHTponb nocTHaceHHH 3anaHHoň TonmHHbí ynpoHHneMOro H3nenHH h TBepfloro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepnana no BceMy oSteMy H3fleπηη ocyinecTBnHioT naTHHKOM nepeMemeHHH peoxop«Horo THna. Λπη cnynaeB, Korná 3anaHHaH TonqnHa ynponHHeMoro H3nenHH 1 (Φηγ. 4 h 5) yace nonyneHa b pe3ynbTaTe c6nH»eHHH οφορΜΠΗΚΜίΐΗχ noBepxHocTeň, a Teepnoe arperaTHoe cocTOHHHe MaTepHana He flocTHrHyTO, to oflHOBpeMeHHOcTb nonyneHHH 3anaHHoň TonqHHM h flocTHHteHHH TBepxtoro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepHana no BceMy oĎteMy ynponHneMO” ro H3flenHH oSecnenHBaeTcn perynnpoBaHHeM ckopocth nepeMeqeHHH noflBHJKHoň φορMyromeň noBepxHocTH η ββρβηροβηηηθμ ycHnnň BO3fleHCTBHH Ha pacnnaB 3a cneT H3MeHeHHH pacxona h «aBneHHH rHnpaBnHnecKoň mh/jkocth, noflaBaeMoň β γηαρορηnHHflp 4 floacaTHH.ΠρΗ 3tom H3óbiTOK MaTepHana BbiflaBnHBaioT nepe3 oSorpeBaeMbie ropaneKaHanbHbiň πητηηκ 5 h npoccenupyioqee OTBepcTHe 6 jih6o β MaTepnanbHMň yHjiHHflp 14 (Φηγ. 4), jihďo oTKpbiBaioT KJianaH 10 πρηβοαομ 9 (Φηγ. 5) h pacnnaB nepe3 060rpeeaeMoe npoccenHpyroqee OTBepcTHe 8 BbiflaBnHBaioT b nonocTb, φopMyκM^ylo btopoe HeynpoHHHeMoe H3fi;enHe. KoHTponb nocTHaceHHH 3anaHHoň TonmHHbí ynpoHHneMOro H3nenHH h TBepfloro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepnana no BceMy oSteMy H3fleπηη ocyinecTBnHioT naTHHKOM nepeMemeHHH peoxop«Horo THna. Λπη cnynaeB, Korná 3anaHHaH TonqnHa ynponHHeMoro H3nenHH 1 (Φηγ. 4 h 5) yace nonyneHa b pe3ynbTaTe c6nH»eHHH οφορΠΠΗΚΜίΐΗχ noBepxHocTeň, a Teepnoe arperaTHoe cocTOHHHe MaTepHana He flocTHrHyTO, to oflHOBpeMeHHOcTb nonyneHHH 3anaHHoň TonqHHM h flocTHHteHHH TBepxtoro arperaTHoro coctohhhh MaTepHana no BceMy oĎteMy ynponHneMO” ro H3flenHH oSecnenHBaeTcn perynnpoBaHHeM ckopocth nepeMeqeHHH noflBHJKHoň φorMyromen noBepxHocTH η ββρβηροβηηηθμ ycHnnň BO3fleHCTBHH Ha pacnnaB 3a cneT H3MeHeHHH pacxona h «aBneHHH rHnpaBnHnecKoň mh/jkocth, noflaBaeMoň β γηαρορηnHHflp 4 floacaTHH.

B TaBnHpax 1-4 npeflCTaBneHM naHHbie nponHocTHbix ηοπμτθηηη no pa3pymatoqHM HanpnweHHHM nHTbeBhix H3nenHň, nonyneHHbix npennaraeMMM cnoCo6oM H3 ρ33Πηηημχ TepMonnacTOB, Ha npHMepe cTaifflapTHMx o6pa3yoB nonaTKa (τηπ Y, POCT 11262— 68) : nonH3THneH BbicoKoň ihiothocth (TaSnHpa 1), nonnnponHneH (Ta6nHÚa 2), nonnaMHfl 12 (ΠΑ-12) (Ta6nHua 3), conoňHMep φορΜβπΒΛβΓΗηβ (C<Pfl) ÍTaCnnya 4).B TaBnHpax 1-4 npeflCTaBneHM naHHbie nponHocTHbix ηοπμτθηηη no pa3pymatoqHM HanpnweHHHM nHTbeBhix H3nenHň, nonyneHHbix npennaraeMMM cnoCo6oM H3 ρ33Πηηημχ TepMonnacTOB, Ha npHMepe cTaifflapTHMx o6pa3yoB nonaTKa (τηπ Y, POCT 11262— 68) : nonH3THneH BbicoKoň ihiothocth (TaSnHpa 1), nonnnponHneH (Ta6nHÚa 2), nonnaMHfl 12 (ΠΑ-12) (Ta6nHua 3), conoňHMep φορΜβπΒΛβΓΗηβ (C<Pfl) ÍTaCnnya 4).

Hcnonb3OBaHHe cnoco6a πο3βοπητ ποβμοητβ nponHocTb TepMonnacTa b H3flenHH b 2-3 h“Sonee pa3 3a cneT co3p;aHHH HanpaBneHHO—opHeHTHpoBaHHoň cTpyKTypw MaTepnana; pacmHpHTb áccopTHMeT ynponHneMbix πητβθβηχ H3flenHň 3a cneT yBenHnehhh TeMnepaTypHoro HHTepeana oxnaaweHHH (Harpeea) φορΜΜ c ποΒΜίπβΗΗβΜ flaBnehhh nHTbH npH o6ecneneHHH TpeSyeMoň nponHOCTHoň xapaKTépncTHKH MaTepHana b H3flenHH; ποβμοητβ προηηοοτβ nHTbeBMX H3flenHň 3a cneT nononHHTenhHoro cflBHra pacnnaea πρκ TeneHHH nepe3 οφορΜΠΗΚΜίεε ynponHHeMoe H3nenHe ποποοτβ; pacmHpHTb flHana3OH Φη3ηκο-MexaHHnecKHX CBoňcTB h, cneffOBaTenbHo, oSnacTeň Hcnonb3οβ3ηηη TepMonnacTOB, 3aMeHHTb noporocTOHqne ηβφΗΐριΤΗΜθ nonHMepHbie MaTepHanbi Ha nemeBbie h KpynHOTOHHastHbie, HanpHMep, ποπηοτηπθη, cononHMepbi crapona h T.fl.; ΗΗτβΗΟΗφΗηΗροΒΗΤΒ npopecc nHTbH nofl flaBneHHeM 3a cneT bo3mojkhocthHcnonb3OBaHHe cnoco6a πο3βοπητ ποβμοητβ nponHocTb TepMonnacTa b H3flenHH b 2-3 h“Sonee pa3 3a cneT co3p;aHHH HanpaBneHHO—opHeHTHpoBaHHoň cTpyKTypw MaTepnana; pacmHpHTb áccopTHMeT ynponHneMbix πητβθβηχ H3flenHň 3a cneT yBenHnehhh TeMnepaTypHoro HHTepeana oxnaaweHHH (Harpeea) φορΜΜ c ποΒΜίπβΗβΜ flaBnehhh nHTbH npH o6ecneneHHH TpeSyeMoň nponHOCTHoň xapaKTépncTHKH MaTepHana b H3flenHH; ποβμοητβ ποηοοτβ nHTbeBMX H3flenHň 3a cneT nononHHTenhHoro cflBHra pacnnaea πρκ TeneHHH nepe3 οφορΜπΗΚΜίεε ynponHHeMoe H3nenHe ποποοτβ; pacmHpHTb flHana3OH Φη3ηκο-MexaHHnecKHX CBoňcTB h, cneffOBaTenbHo, oSnacTeň Hcnonb3οβ3ηηη TepMonnacTOB, 3aMeHHTb noporocTOHqne ηβφΗΐριΗΜθ nonHMepHbie MaTepHanbi Ha nemeBbie h KpynHOTOHHastHbie, HanpHMep. ποπηοτηπθη, cononHMepbi crapona h T.fl.; ΗΗτβΗΟΗφΗηΗροΒΗΤΒ npopecc nHTbH nofl flaBneHHeM 3a cneT bo3mojkhocth

-5φορΜΟΒύΗΗΗ Β OflHOft φορΜβ γπρΟΜΗβΉΗΜΧ KĎHCTpyKAHOHHblX H3fleJIHň Η ΗβΟΤΒΘΤϋΤBeHHblX H3AejIttň, HanpHMep TOBapOB HapOflHOrO ΠΟΤρββΠβΗΗΗ.-5φορΜΟΒύΗΗΗ Β OflHOft φορΜβ γπρΟΜΗβΉΗΜΧ KĎHCTpyKAHOHHblX H3fleJIHň Η ΗβΟΤΒΘΤϋΤBeHHblX H3AejIttň, HanpMHep TOBapOB HapOflHOrO ΠΟΤρββΗΗΗ.

ΦΟΡΜΥΝΑ H30EPETEHHH . Cnoco6 Η3ΓΟΤΟΒΠΘΗΗΗ H3fleJIHň H3 TepMOIUiaCTOB JIHTbeM ΠΟΑ flaBJíeHHeM, BKJitowaKHUHň ganoJiHeHHe pacnnasoM nojiHMepa οφορΜΠΗκηιριχ rionocTeň řípu oflHOBpeΜβΗΗΟΜ hx oxjiaxflenHH, BbwepjKxy ποα flaBJíeHHeM h oxjiaameHHe, OTjiHMaiomHňcHΤΟΡΜΥΝΑ H30EPETEHHH . Cnoco6 Η3ΓΟΤΟΒΠΘΗΗΗ H3fleJIHň H3 TepMOIUiaCTOB JIHTbeM ΠΟΑ flaBJíeHHeM, BKJitowaKHUHň ganoJiHeHHe pacnnasoM nojiHMepa οφορΜπΗκηιριχ rionocTeň rip oflHOBpeΜβΗΗΟΜ hx oxjiaxflenHH, BbwepjKxy ποα flaBJíeHHeM h oxjiaameHHe, OTjiHMaiomHňcH

ΤβΜ, HTO, C uejlbio nOBbniieHHH npOHHOCTH HSflejIHft, nOCJie 3ΒΠΟΠΗ6ΗΗΗ οφορΜΠΗΚΗΐχΗΧ nonocreň pacraiaB nojiHMepa npoflaBJíHBaioT npH TeMnepaType He Bbiuie TeMnepaTypw nnaBJíeHHfl hjih TeKynecTH TepMonnacTa Ha 20-25° C : h αηβπθημη 90-300 Míla nepe3 οφορΜΠΗίοιηΗβ ποποοτη, oxnaxAaeMbie ot -20°C no TeMnepaTypbi Hanana nnaBjíeHHH hjih TeKyqecTH TepMonnacTa ao αοοτηχθηηη TsepAoro arperaTHoro coctohhhh nojiHMepa no o6i»eMy H3fleJiHň.ΤβΜ, HTO, C uejlbio nOBbniieHHH npOHHOCTH HSflejIHft, nOCJie 3ΒΠΟΠΗ6ΗΗΗ οφορΠΠΗΚΗΐχΗΧ nonocreň pacraiaB nojiHMepa npoflaBJíHBaioT npH TeMnepaType He Bbiuie TeMnepaTypw nnaBJíeHHfl hjih TeKynecTH TepMonnacTa Ha 20-25° C : h αηβπθημη 90-300 Mila nepe3 οφορΠΠΗίοιηΗβ ποποοτη, oxnaxAaeMbie ot -20°C no TeMnepaTypbi Hanana nnaBjíeHHH hjih TeKyqecTH TepMonnacTa ao αοοτηχθηηη TsepAoro arperaTHoro coctohhhh nojiHMepa no o6i»eMy H3fleJiHň.

2. Cnoco6 no n. 1, oTJiHnaiomHňcfl tom, ητο npn npoAaBJíHBaHHH ποα AaBJíeHHeM 90-140 Míla οφορΜΠΗΚΜφίε ποποοτη oxjiaxAaioT ot -20° C ao +60°C.2. Cnoco6 no n. 1, oTJiHnaiomHňcfl tom, ητο npn npoAaBJíHBaHHH ποα AaBJíeHHeM 90-140 Mile οφορΠΠΗΚΜφίε ποποτη oxjiaxAaioT ot -20° C and +60°C.

3. CnocoS no nn. 1-2, OTjiHMaiomHňcH τθμ, hto npH προα3βπηβαηηη pacruiaBa nepe3 οφορΜΠίΗοπρίβ nonocTH ocymecTBjíHioT npHHyAHTenbHoe nocTynaTenbHoe nepeΜβηχβΗΗβ ΟΛΗΟΓΟ H3 nOflBHJKHblX 3ΠβΜβΗΤ0Β θφθρΜίΙΗΚ>Ν[ΗΧ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤβή B HanpaBJíeηηη τεηβΗΗΗ MaTepnana, a απη nojibix τβη BpanjeHHH - npHHyAHTenbHoe BpameHHe ÓflHOň.H3 nOflBHMHblX θφθρΜΠΗΚ)ΠχΗΧ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤεΗ OTHOCHTejlbHO flpyroft.3. CnocoS no nn. 1-2. θφθρΜίΙΗΚ>Ν[ΗΧ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤβή B HanpaBJíeηηη τεηβΗΗΗ MaTepnana, a απη nojibix τβη BpanjeHHH - npHHyAHTenbHoe BpameHHe ÓflHOň.H3 nOflBHMHblX θφθρΜΠΗΚ)ΠχΗΧ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤεΗ OTHOHTejlbHO flpyroft.

4. Cnoco6 no nn. 1-2, oTnHnaioiuHňcH τθμ, hto npoflaBjíHBaHHe nojiHMepa ocymecTBJíHioT nyTeM cfínHxeHHH noBepxHocTeň οφορΜππιοπχΗχ nonocTeň, 3anonHHeMbix β oĎteMe, β 1,5-3 pa3a npeBbnuaiomeM o6beM H3flenHň, h βμα3βπηβηηηη H36biTxa MaTepnana.4. Cnoco6 no nn. 1-2. βμα3βπηβηηηη H36biTxa MaTepnana.

UCTOMHHKH ΗΗφθΡΜΒΙ]ΗΗ npHHHTbie BO ΒΗΗΜΗΗΗβ ΠρΗ 3Κ0ΠβρΤΗ3β:^- UCTOMHHKH ΗΗφθΡΜΒΙ]ΗΗ npHHHTbie BO ΒΗΗΗΗΗΗβ ΠρΗ 3Κ0ΠβρΤΗ3β: ^-

1.. IlareHT C1I1A IP 3374304, κπ. 264-231, ony6jiHKOBaHHbiň 1969.1.. IlareHT C1I1A IP 3374304, κπ. 264-231, ony6jiHKOBaHHbiň 1969.

2. IlaTeHT <t>paHU,HH (P 1165678, kji. B 29 C, ony6nHKOBaHHbiň 1968 (npoτοτηπ).2. IlaTeHT <t>paHU,HH (P 1165678, kji. B 29 C, ony6nHKOBaHHbiň 1968 (npoτοτηπ).

AHHOTAUHHAHHOTAUHH

Η3θ6ρετβΗΗβ othochtch κ oÓnacTH nepepaSoTKH nnacTMacc, b nacTHocTH κ cnopo6y η3Γοτοβπθηηη H3AenHň H3 TepMonnacTOB πητβθμ ποα AáBneHHeM.Η3θ6ρετβΗΗβ othochtch κ oÓnacTH nepepaSoTKH nnacTMacc, b nacTHocTH κ cnopo6y η3Γοτοβπθηηη H3AenHň H3 TepMonnacTOB πητβθμ ποα AáBneHHeM.

IíeJIb Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗΗ - nOBblCHTb npOHHOCTb H3AÓHHň.IíeJIb Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗΗ - nOBblCHTb npOHHOCTb H3AÓHHň.

IIpeAnaraeMbift cnoco6 H3roTOBneHHH H3A®nHň H3 TepMonnacTOB JIHTbeM ποα asb neHHeM BKraonaeT panonneHne pacnnaBOM nojiHMepa οφορΜππιοπ(ΗΧ nonocTeň npH oaΗΟΒρβΜβΗΗΟΜ HX ΟΧΑΒΧΑθΗΗΗ, BbfflepWKy ΠΟΑ ΑύΒΠθΗΗβΜ Η ΟΧΠβΧΑβΗΗβ. ComaCHO Η3θ6ρβτβΗΗΐο, nocne 3anonHeHHH οΦορμπημπχηχ nonocTeň pacnnae nonHMepa npoAaB HHBaioT npH TeMnepaType He Bbnue TeMnepaTypbi nnaBneHHH hjih TeKynecTH TepMO— nnacTa Ha 20-25° C h AasjíeHHH 90-300 Míla nepe3 οφορΜηπιοπξΗε ποποοτη, oxnaxAaeMbie ao TeMnepaTypu b HHTepBane ot -20°C ao ŤeMnepaTypbi Hanana nnaBJíeHHH hjih TexyHecTH TepMonjiacTa ao αοοτηχθηηη τβθραογο arperaTHoro coctohhhh nojiHMepa no oSteMy H3rtennň.IIpeAnaraeMbift cnoco6 H3roTOBneHHH H3A®nHň H3 TepMonnacTOB JIHTbeM ποα asb neHHeM BKraonaeT panonneHne pacnnaBOM nojiHMepa οφορΜππιοπ(ΗΧ nonocTeň npH oaΗΟΒρβΜβΗΗΟΜ HX ΟΧΑΒΧΑθΗΗΗ, BbfflepWKy ΠΟΑ ΑύΒΠθΗΗβΜ Η ΟΧΠβΧΑβΗΗβ. ComaCHO Η3θ6ρβτβΗΗΐο, nocne 3anonHeHHH οΦορμπημπχηχ nonocTeň pacnnae nonHMepa npoAaB HHBaioT npH TeMnepaType He Bbnue TeMnepaTypbi nnaBneHHH hjih TeKynecTH TepMO— nnacTa Ha 20-25° C h AasjíeHHH 90-300 Mila nepe3 οφορΜηπιοπξΗε ποποοτη, oxnaxAaeMbie ao TeMnepaTypu b HHTepBane ot -20°C ao ŤeMnepaTypbi Hanana nnaBJíeHHH hjih TexyHecTH TepMonjiacTa ao αοοτηχθηηη τβθραογο arperaTHoro coctohhhh nojiHMepa no oSteMy H3rtennň.

ÍIpH3HaHo Η3ο6ρβτβΗΗβΜ no peaynbraTaM 3KcnepTH3bi, ocymecTBJíeHHoft TocyAapcTBéHHblM ΚΟΜΗΤβΤΟΜ CCCP ΠΟ ΑβΠβΜ Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗή H OTKpbITHň.ÍIpH3HaHo Η3ο6ρβτβΗΗβΜ no peaynbraTaM 3KcnepTH3bi, ocymecTBJíeHHoft TocyAapcTBéHHblM ΚΟΗΗΤβΤΟΜ CCCP ΠΟ ΑβΠβΜ Η3θ6ρβΤβΗΗή H OTKpbITHň.

nepTexanepTexa

-6T a 6 ji η n a 1-6T a 6 ji η n a 1

flaBJIG- HHe JIHTbH, Míla flaBJIG- HHe JIHTbH, Mila TeMnepaTypa pacnnaBa, Theme of the day, °C °C CeneHne Prices 125 125 1 __ 1 __ 135 135 145 145 /ípUCCfci“ .jiHpyiome“ /ípUCCfci“ .jiHpyiome“ TeMnepaTypa CTěHKH TeMnepaTypa CTĚHKH οφορΜΠΗΜίηβή nOJlOCTH,⁰ οφορΜπΗΜίηβή nOJlOCTH, ⁰ c c ro oTBep— CTHH, MM²(Tonmnua 3 mm) ro oTBep— CTHH, MM ² (Tonmnua 3 mm) 15 15 20 20 30 30 1 '· 1 '· 20 20 25 25 20 20 235 235 240 240 238 238 225 225 230 230 '228 '228 220 220 0 0 720 720 850 850 720 720 690 690 790 790 680 680 670 670 0,7 0.7 90 90 730 730 960 960 725 725 680 680 950 950 680 680 780 780 0,9 0.9 730 730 1000 1000 730 730 690 690 980 980 690 690 850 850 1,2 1.2 720 720 820 820 720 720 690 690 800 800 690 690 750 750 8,0 8.0 — 15 — 15 20 20 45 45 -10 -10 20 20 40 40 15 15 20 20 25 25 255 255 260 260 250 250 ²⁴⁵²⁴⁵ 250 250 240 240 235 235 245 245 235 235 o about 780 780 880 880 790 790 750 750 850 850 750 750 730 730 780 780 730 730 0,5 0.5 120 120 780 780 1250 1250 790 790 750 750 1150 1150 750 750 735 735 990 990 740 740 0,9 0.9 800 800 1280 1280 800 800 760 760 1230 1230 760 760 . 735 . 735 1080 1080 735 735 1,0 1.0 780 780 1020 1020 780 780 760 760 1010 1010 750 750 740 740 780 780 730 730 8,0 8.0

ΠρΟΑΟΠΧβΗΗβ TaCjlHUbl 1ΠρΟΑΟΠΧβΗΗβ TaCjlHUbl 1

flaBJíe- ΗΗβ flaBJíe- ΗΗβ TeMnepaTypa TeMnepaTypa pacnnaBa, pacnnaBa, °C °C CeneHHe flpoccejiH- Prices flpoccejiH- » 1 » 1 1 1 JIHTbfl , JIHTbfl , 125 125 135 135 145 145 pyiomero pyiomero Míla Dear J.......- J.......- oTBepc- oTBepc- TeMnepaTypa οτθηκη TheMnepaTypa οτθηκη οφορΜπηιοιιιεϋ nonocTH, οφορΜπηιοιιιεϋ nonocTH, °c °c THfl, MM² THfl, MM ² (Tóninu na (Tone on -201 20 -201 20 M M -20 -20 í” l í” l 60 60 V” In” 20 20 50 50 3 mm) 3mm) 300 300 305 305 290 290 280 280 300 300 295 295 260 260 270 270 250 250 0 0 915 915 1150 1150 920 920 890 890 1080 1080 900 900 800 800 850 850 800 800 0,4 0.4 140 140 920 920 1550 1550 920 920 .900 .900 1500 1500 900 900 880 880 1200 1200 880 880 0,9 0.9 910 910 1220 1220 920 920 900 900 1200 1200 900 900 800 800 1010 1010 800 800 8,0 8.0 -20 -20 20 20 105 105 -20 -20 20 20 115 115 -20 -20 20 20 125 125 4.50 4.50 610 610 430 430 420 420 600 600 410 410 390 390 540 540 370 370 0 0 1830 1830 2300 2300 1840 1840 1780 1780 2160 2160 1800 1800 1600 · 1600 · 1700 1700 1600 1600 . 0,2 . 0.2 300 300 1840 1840 3100 3100 1840 1840 1800 1800 3000 3000 1800 1800 1760 1760 2400 2400 1760 1760 0,5 0.5 1820 1820 2440 2440 1840 1840 1800 1800 2400 2400 1800 1800 1600 1600 2020 2020 1600 1600 0,8 0.8

-8T a 6 ji η iv a 2-8T a 6 ji η iv a 2

flaejie- HHG JIHTbH, Míla flaejie- HHG JIHTbH, Mila TeMnepaTypa pacnnaBa, Theme of the day, °C °C CeneHHe Prices 160 160 ___ ___ 170 170 180 180 npocee- jiupyiome- npocee- jiupyiome- TeMnepaTypa CTetncH οφορΜΠΗίοηιβή ποηοετη, °C TeMnepaTypa CTetncH οφορΠΠΗίοηιβή ποηοετη, °C ro ot— BepCTHH, MM² (TOJIiHHHa 3 mm) ro ot— BepCTHH, MM ² (TOJIiHHHa 3 mm) 20 20 20 20 25 25 10 10 20 20 35 35 15 15 20 20 25 25 260 260 280 280 300 300 240 240 250 250 260 260 235 235 240 240 235 235 0 0 800 800 1100 1100 810 810 780 780 1000 1000 780 780 700 700 800 800 705 705 0,7 0.7 90 90 780 780 1200 1200 900 900 720 720 1150 1150 780 780 710 710 850 850 710 710 0,9 0.9 810 810 1500 1500 915 915 725 725 1350 1350 790 790 720 720 1120 1120 720 720 1,2 1.2 780 780 1300 1300 910 910 720 720 1200 1200 770 770 700 700 880 880 705 705 8,0 8.0 -15 -15 20 20 45 45 -10 -10 20 20 40 40 10 10 20 20 30 30 280 280 310 310 350 . 350 . 260 260 290 290 320 320 250 250 260 260 270 270 0 0 840 840 1200 1200 1050 1050 780 780 1100 1100 970 970 760 760 960 960 810 810 0,5 0.5 120 120 850 850 1500 1500 1060 1060 1050 1050 1400 1400 960 960 750 750 1100 1100 820 820 0,9 0.9 860 860 1700 1700 1070 1070 1150 1150 1600 1600 970 970 770 770 1300 1300 830 830 1,0 1.0 850 850 1400 1400 1040 1040 1095 1095 1300 1300 960 960 750 750 1150 1150 810 810 8,0 8.0

ΠροηΟΠΜβΗΗβ TaBjIHlíbl 2ΠροηΟΠΜβΗΗβ TaBjIHlíbl 2

flaBjíe- HHe JIHThH, MTÍa flaBjíe- HHe JIHThH, MTÍa TeMnepaTypa pacnnaea TeMnepaTypa pacnnaea . *c Γ . *c Γ Cenerine flpoccenn pywqero Cenerine flpoccenn pywqero 160 160 170 170 Mua Mua OTsepc- OTsepc- TeMnepaTypa cTeHKtt οφορΜπβΗΗΗ TeMnepaTypa cTeHKtt οφορΜπβΗΗΗ nonocTH, nocTH, ”c ”c ΤΗΗ,ΜΜ² TH,MM ² (ταππ<Η“ (ταππ<Η“ Ί Ί I I r—i r—i ‘Ί ‘Ί 'Ί 'Ί 60 60 |·” 1 |·” 1 ,0 ,0 60 60 M M 20 20 r r Ha 3 mm) Ha 3 mm) 350 350 380 380 400 400 370 370 400 400 290 290 310 310 350 350 290 290 0 0 1040 1040 14()0. 14()0. 1200 1200 1020 1020 1350 1350 1200 1200 870 870 1200 1200 1000 1000 0,4 0.4 140 140 1100 1100 1900 1900 1250 1250 1050 1050 1800 1800 1250 1250 900 900 1400 1400 1150 1150 0.9 0.9 1050 . 1050 . 1550 1550 1200 1200 1010 . 1010 . 1500 1500 1200 1200 880 880 1300 1300 1050 1050 8,0 8.0 -20 -20 20 20 140 140 -20 -20 20 20 150 150 -20 -20 20 20 60 60 5,30 5.30 760 760 600 600 510 510 740 740 600 600 440 440 620 620 520 520 0 0 2100 2100 2800 2800 2400 2400 2400 2400 2700 2700 2400 2400 1740 1740 2400 2400 2000 2000 . 0.2 . 0.2 300 300 2200 . 2200 . 3200 3200 2500 2500 2Í00 2Í00 3000 3000 2500 2500 1800 1800 2800 2800 2300 2300 0,5 0.5 2100 2100 3000 3000 2400 2400 2000 2000 2800 2800 2400 2400 1760 1760 2800 2800 2100 2100 0,8 0.8

-10Ta6jiHiia3 flaBJíeHHe-10Ta6jiHiia3 flaBJíeHHe

JIHTbH,JIHTbH,

MílaMila

120120

TeMnepaTypa pacnnaea/c TeMnepaTypa pacnnaea/c CetreHne flPOCceflHb pyranero oTBepc- THH, MM²! (ταππρίΗβ 3 mm) CetreHne flPOCceflHb pyranero oTBepc- THH, MM ² ! (ταππρίΗβ 3 mm) 180 180 | ¹⁹⁰ | ¹⁹⁰ í í 2000 2000 TeMnepaTypa TeMnepaTypa CTeHKH οφορΜΠΗίοηβϋ CTeHKH οφορΜπΗίοηβϋ nOJIOCTH, nOJIOCTH, °C °C 5 5 I²⁰ I ²⁰ ³⁵³⁵ 1¹⁰ 1 ¹⁰ | 20 | 20 30 30 1¹⁵ 1 ¹⁵ | 20 | 20 25 25 310 310 300 300 290 290 320 320 350 350 300 300 330 330 360 360 320 320 0 0 900 900 1530 1530 870 870 860 860 1420 1420 830 830 700 700 1200 1200 680 680 0 0,7 0 0.7 1050 1050 1670 1670 940 940 980 980 1500 1500 920 920 810 810 1330 1330 790 790 0,9 0.9 840 840 1440 1440 810 810 840 840 1380 1380 800 800 670 670 1190 1190 630 630 1,2 1.2 800 800 1300 1300 750 750 760 760 1200 1200 730 730 640 640 1050 1050 600 600 8,0 8.0 0 0 20 20 40 40 5 5 20 20 35 35 Ίο Ίο 20 20 ³⁰³⁰ 320 320 340 340 300 300 340 340 360 360 310 310 350 350 380 380 330 330 0 0 1190 1190 1840 1840 1130 1130 1100 1100 1710 1710 1010 1010 980 980 1530 1530 870 870 0,5 0.5 1110 1110 1720 1720 1050 1050 1000 1000 1600 1600 950 950 880 880 1440 1440 850 850 0,9 0.9 1000 1000 1640 1640 970 970 980 980 1550 1550 900 900 760 760 1320 1320 720 720 1,0 1.0 920 920 1510 1510 840 840 850 850 1430 1430 710 710 690 690 1180 1180 630 630 8,0 8.0

-11ΠροΑοιυκβΗΗβ TaSjíHnú 3-11ΠροΑοιυκβΗΗβ TaSjíHnú 3

flaane- HHe flaane- HHe TeMnepaTypa pacnjiaea, °C Temperature, °C CeneHHe Prices — — — — 2000 2000 flpocce-. flpocce-. JIHTbH , JIHTbH , 180 180 190 190 jrapyiome*· jrapyiome*· Míla Mila .... .... ro OT- ro OT- TeMnepaTypa. TeMnepaTypa. CTěHKH CTěHKH θφθρΜΠΗΚ)Π|εΗ θφθρΜΠΗΚ)Π|εΗ nOJIOCTH, °C nOJIOCTH, °C BepCTHH, BepCTHH, MM* MM* -10 -10 20 20 50 50 0 0 20 20 40 40 5 5 20 20 ³⁵³⁵ (TOJIIUHHa 3 mm) (TOJIIUHHa 3 mm) 330 330 350 350 310 310 350 350 380 380 320 320 370 370 400 400 310 310 0 0 1300 1300 2100 2100 1250 1250 1200 1200 2000 2000 1200 1200 1100 1100 1740 1740 1000 1000 0,4 0.4 140 140 1150 ^Z 1150 ^Z 1250 1250 2000 2000 1180 1180 1800 1800 1150 1150 1000 1000 1500 1500 ' 950 ' 950 0,9 0.9 1200 1200 1800 1800 1130 1130 1080 1080 1600 1600 1060 1060 980 980 1300 1300 830 830 8,0 8.0 -20 -20 20 20 160 160 -20 -20 20 20 170 170 -20 -20 20 20 180 180 360 360 400 400 340 340 380 380 430 430 350 350 400 400 450 450 340 340 0 0 1650 1650 2900 2900 1600. 1600. 1540 1540 2700 2700 1500 1500 1400 1400 1860 1860 1390 1390 0,2 . 0.2 . 300 300 1530 1530 2700 2700 1440 1440 1400 1400 2500 2500 1430 1430 1390 1390 1700 1700 1280 1280 0,5 0.5 1500 1500 2200 2200 1370 1370 1300 1300 2000 2000 1260 1260 1200 1200 1680 1680 1200 1200 0,8 0.8

-12T a 6 π η q a 4-12T a 6 π η q a 4

flaBjíe- HHe . JIHTbH, MTIa flaBjíe- HHe . JIHTbH, MTIa TeMnepaTypa pacnnaBa, °C Temperature, °C Ceuenne Ceuenne 170 170 180 180 190 190 flpoccejin pyioqero flpoccejin pyioqero TeMnepaTypa CTeHKH οφορΜπηιοηβή nonocTH, °C TeMnepaTypa CTeHKH οφορΜπηιοηβή nonocTH, °C oTBepcTHH, MM²(TOJimHHa 3 mm) oTBepcTHH, MM ² (TOJimHHa 3 mm) 15 15 35 35 45 45 | 20 | 20 35 35 ⁴⁵⁴⁵ 25 25 35 35 40 40 600 600 620 620 640 640 600 600 630 630 640 - 640 - 610 610 630 630 650 650 0 0 1070 1070 1610 1610 1150 1150 1050 1050 1600 1600 1100 1100 1000 1000 1560 1560 1070 1070 0,7 0.7 115 115 1040 1040 1530 1530 1100 1100 1040 1040 1510 1510 1050 1050 980 980 1500 1500 1050 1050 0,9 0.9 990 990 1500 1500 1000 1000 1030 1030 1480 1480 1030 1030 980 980 1450 1450 1030 1030 1,2 1.2 970 970 1000 1000 980 980 970 970 1300 1300 970 970 970 970 1200 1200 970 970 8,0 8.0 10 10 35 35 50 50 15 15 35 35 50 50 zo from 35 35 ⁵⁰⁵⁰ 600 600 630 630 650 650 610 610 640 640 650 650 620 620 650 650 670 670 0 0 1100 1100 1950 1200 1950 1200 1100 1100 1930 1930 1100 1100 1050 1050 1800 1800 1100 1100 0,5 0.5 30 30 1050 1050 1710 1100 1710 1100 1050 1050 1680 1680 1050 1050 1020 1020 1650 1650 1030 1030 0,9 0.9 1000 1000 1650 1050 1650 1050 990 990 1610 1610 1050 1050 980 980 1610 1610 1020 1020 1,0 1.0 980 980 1600 1600 990 990 970 970 1540 1540 980 980 970 970 1500 1500 980 980 8,0 8.0

IIpofloJixeHHe Ta6jinuj>i 4IIpofloJixeHHe Ta6jinuj>i 4

flaene- HHe flaene- HHe TeMnepaTypa pacnnaBa,°C Temperature Type,°C CeueHHe flpocce- CeueHHe flpocce- • • JIHTbH , JIHTbH , 170 170 180 180 • • 190 190 jiHpyioine- jiHpyioine- Míla Dear ........ ........ ... ... ro ot- ro ot- TeMnepaTypa οτθηκη οφορΜΠΗίοπιβή ποποοτη, TeMnepaTypa οτθηκη οφορΠΠΗίοπιβή ποποοτη, C C BepCTHH, MM² BepCTHH, MM ² 0 0 35 35 ⁶⁰⁶⁰ 10 10 35 35 60 60 15 15 35 35 ⁶⁰⁶⁰ (tojiiuhHa 3 mm) (tojiiuhHa 3 mm) 610 610 630 630 660 660 615 615 640 640 680 680 620 620 650 650 690 690 0 0 1100 1100 2300 2300 1600 1600 1200 1200 .2230 .2230 1400 1400 1150 1150 2100 2100 1.400 1,400 0,4 0.4 140 140 1050 1050 2200 2200 1400 1400 1100 1100 2150 2150 1350 1350 1100 1100 1850 1850 1330 1330 0,9 0.9 1000 1000 1970 1970 1150 1150 1050 1050 1950 1950 1100 1100 990 990 1520 1520 1100 1100 8,0 8.0 -10 -10 20 20 150 150 -10 -10 20 20 160 160 -10 -10 20 20 170 170 700 700 790 790 730 730 680 680 780 780 720 720 670 670 . 760 . 760 700 700 0 0 2400 2400 2800 2800 2500 2500 2340 2340 2750 2750 2470 2470 2010 2010 2320 . 2320 . 2370 2370 0,2 0.2 300 300 2600 2600 3000 3000 2820 2820 2500 2500 2940 2940 2600 2600 1800 1800 2140 2140 2200 2200 0,5 0.5 2570 2570 2940 2940 2780 2780 2450 2450 2900 2900 2550 2550 1770 1770 2100 2100 2150 2150 0,8 0.8

Claims

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION

CLAIMS 1. A process for the manufacture of injection molded thermoplastics products comprising filling the mold cavities with a polymer melt while cooling said mold cavities, placing the molding agent under pressure and cooling, characterized in that after the mold cavities are filled, the polymer melt is forced through the mold cavities. at a temperature which is at most 20 to 25 ° C higher than the melting or creep temperature and at a pressure of 9 to 300 MPa, with the mold cavities being cooled from -20 ° C to the start temperature of the melting or creep of the thermoplastic; all this until the solid state of the polymer is achieved in the entire product volume.

2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the extrusion at a pressure of 90 to 140 MPa cools the mold cavities from -20 [deg.] C to + 60 [deg.] C.

3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during the extrusion of the melt to the mold cavities artificially ¹ gradually shifts one of the movable members of the mold surface in the direction of material flow in the hollow rotating body is performed forced rotation of one of the moving mold surface against the second forming surface.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion of the polymer is carried out by bringing together the surfaces of the mold cavities which are filled by the melt in a volume of 1.5 to 3 times the volume of the finished products, and excess material is extruded.