CS243520B1 - Supercharging engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Turbocharging of an internal combustion engine using a pressure exchanger using pressure waves from the exhaust of the internal combustion engine. By connecting the exhaust pipe to the intake pipe using a fixed pressure exchange tube, a pressure pulse comes from the exhaust through this tube, which follows the column of exhaust gases, pushing the column of air through the automatic discharge valve, the pressure equalization tank into the carburetor and further into the engine intake pipe. After the kinetic energy has been completely converted into pressure energy, the automatic discharge valve closes. The compressed gas in this tube changes its direction of movement and escapes sharply into the exhaust gas discharge pipe. A vacuum is created in the closed pressure exchange tube and at a certain value, an automatic suction valve opens, through which new air is sucked into this tube through the air cleaner, and the whole cycle is repeated.

Description

(54) Turbocharging engine

Turbocharging of an internal combustion engine using a pressure exchanger using the pressure waves of the internal combustion engine exhaust. Connecting the exhaust pipe to the charge line using a stationary pressure transfer tube,. a pressure pulse comes from the exhaust pipe through this tube, followed by a flue gas column, a pressure air column through a self-discharge valve, a pressure equalization vessel to the carburetor and further to the engine charge line. After the kinetic energy is completely converted into pressure energy, the automatic discharge valve closes. The compressed gas in this tube changes its sense of movement and escapes sharply into the flue gas discharge pipe. A vacuum valve is created in a closed pressure-exchange tube and, at a certain value, an automatic suction valve opens, through which new air is sucked into the tube through the air cleaner, thus repeating the entire cycle.

Giant. 1

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine supercharged by means of a pressure exchanger utilizing the exhaust wave of an internal combustion engine.

Up to now, turbochargers have been used for supercharging internal combustion engines using exhaust energy. In this way, difficulties arise in the complexity of the system and its regulation. The system temporarily decreases the excess air and increases the temperature of the duty cycle, thereby deteriorating the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle.

A pressure exchanger that delivers the exhaust gas energy directly to the charge air satisfies the requirement of a suitable torque characteristic and a rapid load response of the engine.

In this case, the engine exhaust manifold deflects into straight ducts in the rotor driven from the crankshaft, most often by a belt.

The gas pressure upstream of the rotor is approximately constant. Expansion of the gases into the channels will cause a pressure wave, which will advance through the channel and compress the air in front of the wave front. The channel is connected to the feed line as the pressure wave front approaches the end of the channel.

At this point, discharge takes place into the engine charge line. The duct connects to the outside atmosphere after the exhaust outlet is complete. The reflected pressure wave travels back through the channel and sucks air into it, simultaneously pushing the exhaust gases into the atmosphere.

If the reflected pressure wave reaches the end of the channel, the whole run is repeated. The rotor has a plurality of channels so that the air is compressed continuously. The rotor has a plurality of channels so that the air is compressed continuously.

The rotor consumes about 1% of the engine power to drive it. The disadvantage of this type of supercharging is the high technological demands, and thus the purchase price and noise problems (the rotor turns over 10,000 rpm). Furthermore, a crankshaft transmission and an increased stopping space are required.

The above drawbacks are overcome by supercharging the internal combustion engines with a pressure exchanger according to the invention, which is based on a fixed pressure-exchange tube of circular cross section directly connected to the exhaust manifold of the engine with an exhaust valve on the one side. the stationary pressure transfer tube is connected directly to the engine charge line through the automatic discharge valve and is fitted with an automatic suction valve in the same section.

By using a stationary pressure exchange tube, the turbocharging of internal combustion engines is considerably simplified in terms of both labor and material, and the overall manufacturing requirements are also reduced.

This simplification retains advantageous properties such as an instantaneous increase in torque when the throttle is opened, a high boost pressure at low speeds and thus a favorable torque profile in these modes.

This arrangement allows direct exchange of the exhaust gas pressure energy to the fill medium. Without moving parts. The simplicity of this design assumes less maintenance and higher reliability and durability. All second piston engines can be supercharged with this device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the accompanying drawings, two examples of supercharging of internal combustion engines according to the invention are shown, wherein FIG. 1 is a diagram of gasoline turbocharging and FIG.

In the gasoline engine of FIG. 1, a pressure pulse comes from the exhaust valve 6, which follows a stack of flue gases moving at high speed into a stationary pressure exchange tube.

The flue gas column first compresses the air column before self and then pushes it out with a self-discharge valve. 5, via a pressure equalization vessel 8 to the carburetor ¹⁶ and further into the engine charge line 3. ·

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After the kinetic energy of the flue gas column has been completely converted into a pressure, the column in the stationary pressure exchanger tube 8 is stopped and the air displacement ends. At this point, the automatic discharge valve 5 closes. The compressed gas in the stationary pressure exchange tube 8 changes its sense of movement and escapes sharply into the exhaust gas pipe into the free exhaust 2.

Since the stationary pressure tube 6 remains closed on the engine charge pipe side, a vacuum is created in this part and at a certain value an auto-inlet valve opens to draw new air through the air purifier 6 into the stationary pressure tube 6 and repeats the cycle opening the exhaust valve 6.

Since the pressure pulses from the exhaust valve 2 at the four-cylinder engine come after 180 ° rotation of the crankshaft (overlapping), the four-cylinder engine must have two stationary pressure-exchange tubes 2 to achieve the correct timing.

The two stationary pressure transfer tubes 2 open into the common equalization vessel 8 and via the carburetor 6 into the engine charge line 2.

Figure 2 shows a diesel engine turbocharging diagram.

A pressure pulse from the stationary pressure tube 2 goes directly to the open intake valve 10 of the engine. In the cylinder of the engine, air is compressed, after closing the engine intake valve 10, the compressed air in the feed line 3 and in the stationary pressure tube 8 changes the direction of movement and the flue gases flow therefrom into the exhaust flue tube into the free exhaust.

A vacuum occurs in the stationary pressure exchange tube 6 and a new air column is sucked into it by means of an inlet valve 6 or a rotary slide. For four-cylinder engines, it is necessary to use two stationary pressure-exchange tubes which open into the feed line 6 of the respective pair of cylinders. The exhaust stroke of the engine is connected in time to the respective intake stroke of one or the other branch of the engine.

The proposed device can also be similarly arranged for engines with every other number of cylinders.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Internal combustion engine with pressure exchanger utilizing exhaust gas pressure energy, characterized in that the stationary pressure tube (1) of circular cross section is directly connected on one side to. the engine exhaust pipe with an exhaust valve (7) and on the same side provided with an oppositely oriented exhaust pipe (2), while the other side of the stationary pressure exchange pipe (1) is connected directly to the engine charge line via the self-discharge valve (5) (3) and provided with an automatic suction valve (4) in the same part.