CS242532B1 - A process for preparing hydrated semipermeable membranes based on polyvinyl chloride - Google Patents

A process for preparing hydrated semipermeable membranes based on polyvinyl chloride Download PDF

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CS242532B1
CS242532B1 CS846409A CS640984A CS242532B1 CS 242532 B1 CS242532 B1 CS 242532B1 CS 846409 A CS846409 A CS 846409A CS 640984 A CS640984 A CS 640984A CS 242532 B1 CS242532 B1 CS 242532B1
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water
polyvinyl chloride
hydrated
membranes
solution
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CS846409A
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Czech (cs)
Slovak (sk)
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CS640984A1 (en
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Peter Brokes
Viliam Visacky
Pavol Pava
Stefan Klempa
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Peter Brokes
Viliam Visacky
Pavol Pava
Stefan Klempa
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Priority to CS846409A priority Critical patent/CS242532B1/en
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Publication of CS242532B1 publication Critical patent/CS242532B1/en

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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Vynález rieši přípravu hyďrátových semipermeabiliných membrán odlievaním z roztoku polyvinylchloridu v rozpúšaidle miešatelnam s vodou tak, že teinto roztok sa navršiv!, nechá sa stať na vzduchu a napotko,n sa ponoří do vody, kde sa želatinizuje a vytvoří sa z něho semipermeabilná membrána. Tieto membrány možno použiť pre roikroíiltráciu, ulitrafiltráciu, dialýzu, csmiózu a reverznú osmózu. Vynikajú výbornými fuinkčnými vlastnosťami — selektivita a priepustnoeí — a hlavně značnou odolnosťou voči chemicko-fyzikálnym vplyvom, vysokej teploto, kyselinám, zásadám a oxidačným činidlám. Preto sa s výhodou možu použit pri membránovej separácii srvátky, mlieka, iroiztokov enzýmov, horanónov, ovocných štiav, různých druhov odpadových vůd, vaječného bielka i melanže, želatiny a podobmeThe invention solves the preparation of hydrated semipermeable membranes by casting from a solution of polyvinyl chloride in a water-miscible solvent so that this solution is poured, allowed to stand in the air and then immersed in water, where it gelatinizes and a semipermeable membrane is formed from it. These membranes can be used for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, osmosis and reverse osmosis. They are distinguished by excellent functional properties - selectivity and permeability - and mainly by significant resistance to chemical and physical influences, high temperatures, acids, alkalis and oxidizing agents. Therefore, they can be advantageously used in membrane separation of whey, milk, enzyme solutions, horanones, fruit juices, various types of wastewater, egg white and melange, gelatin and the like.

Description

Predmetom tohto vynálezu je sposob přípravy hydrátovaných semipermeabilných membrán, z polyvinylchloridu, vhodných pre praktická realizáciu viacerých membránových procesor ako mlkrofiltrácla, ultrafiltrácia, dialýza, osmózam reverzná osmóza. Týmto spósobom je možné vyrobit sernipermeabilné .membrány s výbornými fumkčnými vlastnoisťami, teda selektivitou a priepustnostou s vysokou fyzikálno-chemickou odolnosťou. Hlavniou výhodou ich použitia v praxi je možnost ich energicky čistit roztokmi kyselin, zásad ,a oxidačných činidiel, a to i pri vyšších teplotách v praxi bez změny ich funkčných vlastností.It is an object of the present invention to provide hydrated semipermeable membranes from polyvinyl chloride suitable for the practical implementation of multiple membrane processors such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, osmosis reverse osmosis. In this way it is possible to produce sernipermeable membranes with excellent fumigation properties, i.e. selectivity and permeability with high physicochemical resistance. The main advantage of their use in practice is the ability to clean them vigorously with solutions of acids, bases, and oxidizing agents, even at higher temperatures in practice without changing their functional properties.

Membránové separačné procesy sa používaljú v poislednej době stále v širšom meraidle prakticky vo všetkých odvetviach priemyslu. Ich výhodou je priebeh separácie bez změny teploty separovaného' roztoku a energetická nenáročnost. Najvačšieho rozšiř,enia dosiahli z membránových procesoví miikroíiltrácia, ultrafiltrácia, reverzná oisimóza, elektrodialýza a dialýza, Základnou častou akéhokotvek membránového zariadeinia je semipermeabilná membrána. Táto semipermeabilná membrána musí mať dobré funkčně vlastnosti, teda selektivitu a priepusťnosť, mechanické vlastnosti a tiež vysokú chemická a fyzikálnu odolnost. Spočiaiťku sa, v praxi používali hlavně ester celu lóžové membrány, ktoré sice majú výborné funkčně a mechanické vlastnosti, ale nie je s nimi možné pracovat pri teplotách vyšších, než 35 °C a tiež leh chemická odolnost hlavně v zásaditom prostředí je poměrně nízké. Preto sa v poislednej dotoe venuje zvýšená pozornost membránám připraveným z různých palymérov, ktoré majú pri výborných funkčných vlastnostiach tiež vysokú chemickú a fyzikálnu odolnost. Odskúšané doslal' bolí zosiefované, vo vodě rozpustné polyméry, hydrofilno-hydrofóbine kopolyméry, homopolyméry z polárných monamérov, aromatické a heiterocyklické kondenzačné polymery.Membrane separation processes have been used in the wider period of time in wider measuring instruments in practically all branches of industry. Their advantage is the course of separation without changing the temperature of the separated solution and energy saving. The most widespread of the membrane process micro-filtration, ultrafiltration, reverse oisimosis, electrodialysis and dialysis have been achieved. A semipermeable membrane is an essential part of any membrane device. This semipermeable membrane must have good functional properties, i.e. selectivity and permeability, mechanical properties as well as high chemical and physical resistance. Initially, mainly cell-ester ester membranes have been used which, although they have excellent functional and mechanical properties, but cannot be operated at temperatures above 35 ° C, and also their low chemical resistance, especially in alkaline environments, is relatively low. Therefore, in the subsequent reaction, increased attention is paid to membranes prepared from different polymers, which also have high chemical and physical resistance with excellent functional properties. The cross-linked, water-soluble polymers, hydrophilic-hydrophobic copolymers, polar monamers homopolymers, aromatic and heiterocyclic condensation polymers have been tested.

Podstatou vynálezu je příprava hydrátovej semlpermeabilnej membrány z polyvinylchloridu. Táto membrána má široké využitie hlavně pri ulfrafiltrácii a dialýze, pričom jej výhodou je, že je použitelná pri teplotách až do 60 °C, pri hodnotách pH 1 až 13 i v přítomnosti oxidačných činidiel.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydrated semipermeable membrane from polyvinyl chloride. This membrane has a wide application mainly in ulfrafiltration and dialysis, the advantage being that it can be used at temperatures up to 60 ° C, at pH values of 1 to 13 even in the presence of oxidizing agents.

Polyvinylchlorid je polymér 1'ahko dostupný, vyrábaný i v typech vhodných pre použitie v potraviinárskom priemysle.Polyvinyl chloride is a polymer readily available, manufactured in types suitable for use in the food industry.

Tieto membrány sa pripravujú odlievaním z roztoku polyvinylchloridu v dlmetylformamide, N-metylpyrolidóne, alebo v inom vbodnom vo, vodě rozpustnom rozpúšťadle. Tento roztok sa, připraví rozpúšťainím polyvlnylchloridu za, zvýšenej teploty pod spatným chladičem'. Pri odlievaním, sa navrství do výšky 0,1 až 0,5 mm, nechá sa stát 3 až 5 minút na vzduchu a ponoří sa do vody, kde sa z něho vytvoří polopriepustná hydrátovaná membrána. Celé odlievanie je možné s výhodou realizovat na povrchu otáčajúcehio sa valca* z nehrdzavejúcej ocele, čiastočne ponořeného' do vody.These membranes are prepared by casting from a solution of polyvinyl chloride in dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, or another water-soluble solvent. This solution is prepared by dissolving poly (vinyl chloride) at an elevated temperature under reflux. During casting, it is sandwiched to a height of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, allowed to stand for 3 to 5 minutes in air, and immersed in water to form a semi-permeable hydrated membrane. The entire casting can advantageously be carried out on the surface of a rotating stainless steel cylinder partially immersed in water.

Membrány vyrobené popísaným spósobom sú široko* použitelné pri ultraflltrácii mlieka a srvátky, krvi jaitočných zvieraf, ovocných štiav, roztokov enzýmoiv, cukrovarníckych extraktov, roztok želatiny, vaječného bielka a melanže. Mimo potravinářského priemyslu sa s výhodou dajú použit pri záskavaní latexu z odpadových vůd pri regenerácii oplachových vod z elektroforézneho inainášania lakov, regenerácii brusných emulzií, odšlichtovacích odpadových vod a podobme.The membranes produced by the method described are widely applicable in the ultrafiltration of milk and whey, blood of slaughter animals, fruit juices, enzyme solutions, sugar extracts, gelatin solution, egg white and melange. Outside the food industry, they can advantageously be used in the recovery of latex from waste lines in the regeneration of rinse water from electrophoretic coating of lacquers, regeneration of abrasive emulsions, desiccation waste water and the like.

Příklad 1 diely polyvinylchloridu sa rozpustia v 9 dieloch N-metylpyrolidónu za varu pri sústavnom miešaní pod spatným chladičom. Tento roztok sa ochladí na 35 °C a navrství do výšky 0,5 mm, nechá sa stát na vzduchu 3 s a ponoří sa do vody 15 °C teplej na 3 minúty. Vo vodě roztok želatinizuje a vytvoří sa membrána, z ktorej do vody unikne N-metylpyrolidón. Táto membrána v, hydrátoivanom· stave sa s výhodou použije na ultrafiltráciu a dialýzu.Example 1 parts of polyvinyl chloride are dissolved in 9 parts of N-methylpyrrolidone while boiling under constant stirring under reflux. This solution is cooled to 35 ° C and layered to a height of 0.5 mm, allowed to stand in air for 3 seconds and immersed in 15 ° C water for 3 minutes. In water, the solution gels and a membrane is formed from which N-methylpyrrolidone escapes into the water. This membrane in the hydrated state is preferably used for ultrafiltration and dialysis.

P r í k1 ad 2 diel polyvinylchloridu sa rozpustí v 6 dieloch dimetylform,amidu za teploty okolia pri sústavnom miešaní. Tento roztok s,a, navrš,tví do výšky 0,5 mm a ponoří sa do* vody 5 °C teplej na 15 minut. Vo vodě roztok želatiinizuje a vytvoří sa membrána, z ktorej do vody unikne dimetylformamid. Táto membrána je použitelná na ultrafiltráciu, mikrofilitráciu, dialýzu a reverzná osmozu.EXAMPLE 2 parts of polyvinyl chloride are dissolved in 6 parts of dimethylformamide, at ambient temperature with continuous stirring. This solution with a height of 0.5 mm is immersed in 5 ° C water for 15 minutes. In water, the solution gelatinizes and forms a membrane from which dimethylformamide escapes into the water. This membrane is useful for ultrafiltration, microfiltration, dialysis and reverse osmosis.

Claims (2)

PREDMETOBJECT 1. Sposob přípravy hydrátovaných semipermeabilných membrán z polyvinylchloridu vyznačujúci sa tým, že 1 až 4 hmotnostně dlely polyvinylchloridu sa, rozpustia v 5 až 10 hmntnostných dieloch s vodou miešateltaého rozpúšťadla, s výhodou dimeitylformamidu, N-metylpyrolidúinu, N-metylkaprolaktamu, popřípadě v kombinácii týchto rozpúšťadiel pri teplote 20 až 180 °C, potom sa zmes ochladí na teplotu okolia a navrství sa do výšky 0,1 až 0,5 mm, nechá sa stát na vzduchu 3 s až 5 minút a, ponoří sa do vody 5 až 50 °C teplej na 1 až 20 minút.A process for preparing hydrated semipermeable polyvinyl chloride membranes, characterized in that 1 to 4 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride are dissolved in 5 to 10 parts by weight of a water-miscible solvent, preferably dimeitylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylcaprolactam, optionally in combination thereof. solvent at 20 to 180 ° C, then the mixture is cooled to ambient temperature and stacked at a height of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, allowed to stand in air for 3 seconds to 5 minutes and immersed in water at 5 to 50 ° C C warm for 1 to 20 minutes. 2. Sposob podía bodu 1 vyznačujúci sa tým, že mavrstvemie zmesi, státie na vzduchu a pomoremie do* vody sa uskuteční na povrchu otáčajiúcehoi sa valca, čiastočne ponořeného do vody, z kterého* sa kontinuálně odvíja hydrátovaná semipermeabilná membrána.2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the coating of the mixture, standing in air and water in the water is carried out on the surface of the rotating roll, partially immersed in water, from which the hydrated semipermeable membrane is continuously unwound.
CS846409A 1984-08-24 1984-08-24 A process for preparing hydrated semipermeable membranes based on polyvinyl chloride CS242532B1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220106502A1 (en) * 2018-12-10 2022-04-07 Advansix Resins & Chemicals Llc Compositions including pvc or cpvc

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220106502A1 (en) * 2018-12-10 2022-04-07 Advansix Resins & Chemicals Llc Compositions including pvc or cpvc
US12134711B2 (en) * 2018-12-10 2024-11-05 Advansix Resins & Chemicals Llc Compositions including PVC or CPVC

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