CS237728B1 - Liquid starter fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the invention was to develop a highly effective, complete starter fertilizer. This goal is met by a solution-type starter fertilizer containing N, P, Mg, Ca and optionally K. All nitrogen is present in the form of NO, phosphorus predominantly in the form of N2P0. The molar ratio N + P : K + Mg/2 + + Ca/2 = 1.2 to 1.8 and the molar ratio P:N is greater than 1. The specific gravity of the liquid starter fertilizer is above 1,400 kg/m^.

Description

The invention relates to a liquid starter fertilizer.

In industrially developed seed drills, small doses of liquid multi-component fertilizers of the solution type are used during sowing. These fertilizers are intended to be applied in close proximity to the seed during sowing. For this purpose, seed drills are supplemented with a reservoir and a liquid fertilizer distribution system to the seeding coulters. The technology based on fertilizing close to the grain during sowing is known as row or placed fertilizer application (placemsnt). This technology allows achieving the same or higher yields per hectare with half to one third of the phosphorus doses compared to the technology of broad application (broadcasting).

Multi-component solution-type fertilizers, which are used abroad for spot application, are called starter fertilizers, and contain ammonium phosphates, possibly with potassium chloride. From their composition, for example 7-21-7, 6-18-6, 7-22-5, 8-25-3 % N - P ₂ O ₅ - KgO, it can be seen that the predominant nutrient in these fertilizers is phosphorus in a fast-acting water-soluble form. This is because phosphorus in a fast-soluble form, as part of the biochemical system that transfers energy, is needed by young plants as a priority.

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It is desirable that the starter fertilizer, in addition to phosphorus as the main component, also contains nitrogen, as well as magnesium, calcium and possibly potassium. According to the findings of dynamic plant nutrition management, a balanced supply of the entire set of microbiological nutrients is a basic prerequisite for the development of healthy and optimally performing plants.

Liquid fertilizers of the solution type, containing a set of macronutrient elements, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, cannot be prepared on the basis of ammonium and potassium orthophosphates, because calcium and magnesium phosphates form water-insoluble phosphates in an aqueous solution with a neutral chemical reaction, while the solubility of ammonium and potassium phosphates, on the contrary, is maximum in a neutral chemical reaction. Liquid fertilizers based on ammonium and potassium phosphates are, of course, produced under conditions of maximum solubility in water, i.e. with a pH of 6 to 8, measured in a 1% aqueous solution.

More preferred is a liquid starter fertilizer of the solution type according to the invention, the essence of which is that it contains phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and possibly drailik, nitrogen is present in the form of NOj, phosphorus is present mainly in the form of HgPO^, the molar ratio (N + P):(K + Mg/2 + Ca/2) is 1.2 to 1.8, the molar ratio P:N is greater than 1 and the specific gravity of the starter fertilizer is greater than 1,400 kg/m^.

The invention is based on the finding that the set of macrobiogenic elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium is retained in a concentrated aqueous solution in a water-soluble state if it contains ions HjPO^, NOj, Mg* ⁺ , Ca ⁺⁺ and K ⁺ . In such an aqueous solution, a complex dissociation equilibrium is established, primarily due to the presence of H^PO^, the result of which is an acidic chemical reaction of the system with a pH of 1 to 3, measured in a 10% aqueous solution. These acidic chemical reactions and the absence of ammonium and sulfate ions make it possible to simultaneously retain the main macrobiogenic elements in a concentrated aqueous solution.

The liquid starter fertilizer according to the invention essentially constitutes an aqueous solution of salts of magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium and magnesium. It can be prepared from various raw materials by various processes. For example, magnesium oxide and nitrates of potassium, magnesium and calcium can be dissolved in phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid contaminated with various impurities can also be used for dissolution, such as phosphoric acid obtained by the freezing process. Magnesium oxide of various purity can be used to neutralize phosphoric acid, for example burnt magnesite.

Multi-component fertilizers usually show increased efficiency compared to single-component ones, mainly due to the synergism of nutrients, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In the liquid starter fertilizer according to the invention, this phenomenon is significantly enhanced due to the presence of water-soluble magnesium and active calcium.

The presence of the latter elements means significant limitations on the uptake of harmful metals such as mercury and cadmium by plants. The presence of magnesium and calcium creates a physiologically alkaline reaction of the fertilizer, which is of fundamental importance when applying it to acidic soils. Also on light soils, where magnesium deficiency is regular, the presence of this element is of fundamental importance at the beginning of plant growth.

Design examples

Example 1

In 100 kg of a solution of phosphoric acid, nitric acid and calcium nitrate, 5.5 kg of burnt magnesite were dissolved. The solution contained 25.6% PgO^ and 4.3% N. The burnt magnesite contained 80% MgO. The obtained separated solution contained 4% H, 24% ^P , 2.5% MgO and 4% CaO. The molar ratio (N + P):(Mg/2 + Ca/2) in the obtained fertilizer was 1.8%. The specific gravity was 1.57 kg/l, the crystallization point was below -18 °C. After diluting the fertilizer with water in a ratio of 1:10, the fertilizer had a pH of 1.5.

The liquid starter fertilizer prepared in this way was applied to the rows when sowing corn at a dose of 5 g/a, i.e. 100 kg/ha. Young plants treated in this way showed a 35% increased ^P 2°5 ⁷ dry matter content in comparison with the untreated control.

Example 2

In 1,000 kg of frozen phosphoric acid containing 20 ¥ Ρ ₂ θ5 ^e 55 N, 54 kg of steel flour (burnt magnesite) containing 80 ¥ MgO was dissolved. Phosphoric acid was obtained by decomposing Kola apatite with nitric acid, freezing the solution and separating the precipitated crystals of Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ 4 HgO. After separating the precipitate and the undissolved residue, a solution was obtained containing 4 ¥ N, 18 ¥ P ₂ O^, ⁴ * Μβθ and 5 ¥ CaO. The molar ratio (N + P):(Mg/2 + Ca/2) in the obtained fertilizer was 1.4. After diluting the fertilizer with water in a ratio of 1:10, the fertilizer had a pH = 1.5. The specific gravity of the fertilizer was 1,510 kg/m^. The fertilizer was labeled START 1.

The effect of START 1 on the nutritional status of young spring barley plants was compared with the effect of solid and liquid fertilizers commonly used in our country. The methodology of the agrochemical test is in Table I, the findings of the plant analyses are in Table 2 and the evaluation of the test is in Table 3.

The test results show that young plants fertilized with START t applied at sowing show the most increased uptake of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, which confirms the expected significant synergistic effect of the newly discovered fertilizer. As a result, they show the fastest initial development of all tested variants.

Table 1

Agrochemically tested variants of phosphorus fertilization of spring barley

Plot Variant no.

Type and doses in kg/ha Month Method of fertilizer application N ^P 2®5 ^2° MgO

1 NK (without F) LAV 175 DS 127 LV 200 48 30 - 76 - 3 3 5 Rš RS RŠ 2 NPK 1 NPK 1,400 48 76 76 - 3 Russia KIES 300 - - - 51 3 RŠ LV 200 30 - - 5 RŠ 3 MgN MgN salt 60 5 - - 6 3 UA SFgr 422 - 76 - - 3 RŠ DS 127 - - 76 - 3 RŠ LAV 156 43 - - - 3 RŠ LV 200 30 - - - 5 RŠ 4 START 1 START 1 4 ,8 - 4 3 UA 100 LAV 160 44 - - - 3 RŠ DS 127 - ** 76 - 3 RŠ LV 200 30 - - - 5 RŠ 5 ' NP NP salt 100 8 24 - - 3 UA LAV ,45 40 - - - 3 Russia DS ,27 - - 76 - 3 RŠ LV 200 30 - - • 5 RŠ

RŠ.... spread on Wide UA.... placed application during sowing

Table 2

Findings of plant analyses

Plot No. Dry matter weight of .00 plants in g % content in 100% dry matter N P To About Mg 1 23.60 3.98 0.50 4.17 1 .06 0.18 2 17.60 4.10 0.64 3.78 0.77 0.12 3 22.20 4.09 0.63 4.27 0.89 0.14 4 42.57 4.66 0.68 4.55 0.82 0.15 5 29.04 3.95 0.58 4.59 0.81 0.15

Claims (1)

Liquid starter fertilizer of the solution type, characterized in that it contains phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and optionally potassium, nitrogen is present in the form of NO 2, phosphorus is present mainly in the form of HgPO 3, molar ratio (N + P) :( K + Mg (2 and Ca / 2) is 1.2 to 1.8, the molar ratio P: N is greater than 1 and the specific gravity of the liquid starter fertilizer is greater than 1400 kg / m ³ .