CS228244B1 - Process for the production of tough polyvinyl chloride - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, the filler is treated with solutions or dispersions of elastomers before being added to the polyvinyl chloride mixture and after removing the liquid components, the filler, which contains 0.001 to 20% by weight of elastomer, based on the weight of the polymer mixture, is mixed with polyvinyl chloride. The filler is preferably mixed with a solution or dispersion of elastomer and a crosslinking system and after removing the liquid components, the elastomer is crosslinked. As an elastomer, butadiene-styrene rubber, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer is used.

Description

The invention relates to the production of a tough polymer mixture based on polyvinyl chloride.

From an economic point of view, the development of new materials is mainly focused on the modification of existing mass-produced polymers. Polyvinyl chloride has wide applications due to its good properties, such as tensile strength, high modulus, chemical resistance, etc. However, its low notch toughness is not satisfactory for many applications. When polyvinyl chloride is modified with inorganic fillers, the notch toughness is usually not improved and in many cases the notch toughness is even reduced.

This deficiency is currently partially solved by treating the surface of the fillers using binders based on titanates, silanes, chromium coordination complexes and substances based on stearic acid and its salts. The above-mentioned processes have the disadvantages that binders based on titanates, silanes and chromium coordination complexes are relatively expensive and substances based on stearic acid and its salts improve the notch toughness of filled polyvinyl chloride mixtures relatively little. The above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated by the method for producing tough polyvinyl chloride according to the invention. ,

Polyvinyl chloride is plasticized by conventional methods and 0.5 to 50 wt. % of filler (ground CaCO3, precipitated CaCO4, chalk, talc, kaolin, TiO4, MgO, diatomaceous earth, SiO2, AlO3, BaO,

SnOg and others), based on the weight of the mixture used.

Before being mixed into polyvinyl chloride according to the invention, the filler is mixed with a solution or dispersion of an elastomer, such as butadiene styrene rubber, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfone polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, and after removing the liquid components, the filler thus treated is mixed with polyvinyl chloride.

The amount of elastomer that adheres to the filler ranges from 0.001 to 20 wt. %, based on the weight of the mixture used. A conventional reinforcing system for the respective elastomer can be mixed into the elastomer solution or dispersion. After removal of the liquid components, the filler is subjected to thermal stress at the vulcanization temperature in a drying oven, where the elastomer is crosslinked on the filler surface. The following operation is the conventional plasticization of the modified filler with polyvinyl chloride.

The notch toughness of polyvinyl chloride mixtures with fillers modified by the above-mentioned procedures ranges from 10 to 35 kJ.m depending on the elastomer used, its concentration, type and concentration of the filler.

The method of producing tough polyvinyl chloride is documented in the following examples.

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Composition of the mixture: polyvinyl chloride, calcium carbonate, precipitated butadiene styrene rubber, calcium stearate (lubricant), heat stabilizer.

100 parts by weight parts by weight part

0.5 parts by weight parts by weight

Preparation of the mixture:

Butadiene styrene rubber is dissolved in a solvent (toluene) and precipitated CaCO^ is mixed into the solution. After evaporation of the solvent (freely in the air or in a dryer at elevated temperature), the resulting mixture is mixed into a polyvinyl chloride mixture and plasticized by conventional methods. This mixture has a notch toughness of 17 kJ.m ^-2 .

Example 2

Mixture composition

polyvinyl chloride 100 parts weight ground calcium carbonate butadiene acrylonitrile 20 parts weight rubber 2 mass parts calcium stearate (lubricant) 0.5 part weight heat stabilizer 2 mass parts Composition of the reinforcement system for elastomer

sulfur 2 parts no 100 parts elastomer cadmium stearate 12 parts no 100 parts elastomer 2-mercaptobenzothiazole accelerator 1 work on 100 parts elastomer

Preparation of the mixture:

Butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and a reinforcing system, ground calcium carbonate, is added to the solution. This mixture, after evaporation of the solvent (as in Example 1), is thermally stressed in a drying oven for a period of time suitable for vulcanization of the elastomer present. The mixture thus obtained is mixed into a polyvinyl chloride mixture and plasticized by conventional methods. This mixture has a notch toughness of 19 kJ.m.

Example 3

Mixture composition polyvinyl chloride talc chlorinated polyethylene calcium stearate (lubricant) heat stabilizer

100 parts by weight parts by weight

0.02 parts by weight 0.5 parts by weight parts by weight

Preparation of the mixture:

Chlorinated polyethylene is dissolved in toluene and talc is mixed into the solution. After evaporation of the solvent, the resulting mixture is mixed into the polyvinyl chloride mixture and plasticized by conventional methods. This mixture has a notch toughness of 11 kJ.m.

Example 4

Mixture composition polyvinyl chloride chalk ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer calcium stearate (lubricant) heat stabilizer

100 parts by weight 5 parts by weight 0.02 parts by weight 0.5 parts by weight 2 parts by weight

Preparation of the mixture:

Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is dissolved in a solvent (toluene) and chalk is mixed into the solution. After evaporation of the solvent, the resulting mixture is mixed into a polyvinyl chloride mixture and plasticized by conventional methods. This mixture has a notch toughness of 15 kJ.m“ ² .

Example 5

Mixture composition

polyvinyl chloride 100 parts weight precipitated calcium carbonate 5 parts weight chloroprene rubber 0.02 part weight calcium stearate /lubricant) 0.5 part weight heat stabilizer 2 mass parts

Preparation of the mixture:

Chloroprene rubber is dissolved in toluene and precipitated calcium carbonate is mixed into the solution. After evaporation of the solvent, the resulting mixture is mixed into polyvinyl chloride.

mixture and plasticized by conventional methods. This mixture has a notch toughness of 20 kj.m.

Example

Composition of the mixture polyvinyl chloride magnesium oxide butadiene-acrylonitrile latex calcium stearate (lubricant) heat stabilizer ,00 parts by weight 5 parts by weight 0.5 parts by weight 0.5 parts by weight 2 parts by weight

Preparation of the mixture:

Magnesium oxide is mixed into the butadiene-acrylonitrile latex. After evaporation of the water, the resulting mixture is mixed with the polyvinyl chloride mixture and plasticized by conventional methods.

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This mixture has a notch toughness of 11 kJ.m.

The given examples of mixtures were processed in the following way. The mixtures were plasticized on a double roller for 0 min at 170 °C. The films pulled from the double roller were pressed in a press under a pressure of 30 MPa and a temperature of 180 °C. The preheating time was 5 min, the pressing time was also 5 min. The notch toughness of the mixtures was determined by the Charpy method.

Claims (4)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION A process for the manufacture of a polyvinyl chloride-based tough material with an addition of 0.5 to 50 wt. The filler, based on the weight of the polymer mixture, is characterized in that before the filler is fed into the polyvinyl chloride mixture, the filler is treated with solutions of elastomer dispersions and after the liquid components have been removed, the filler contains 0.001 to 20% by weight. The elastomers, based on the weight of the polymer mixture, are mixed with polyvinyl chloride. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the filler is mixed with the elastomer solution or dispersion and the crosslinking system before being metered into the polyvinyl chloride mixture, and after removal of the liquid components, the elastomer is crosslinked. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the elastomer is butadiene-ethylene rubber, natural rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, butadiene rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer. 4. A process according to claim 1, wherein the filler is calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, magnesium, silica, aluminum, bernet, tin, ferric, chalk, talc, kaolin, diatomaceous earth.