CS227591A3 - Process for breaking emulsions - Google Patents

Description

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Emulsion splitting method

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for splitting oil-in-water emulsions or water-in-oil using an electric field that is generated in the space between electrically insulated electrodes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A number of compounds are known for flocculation, precipitation, agglomeration or coagulation of dissolved, colloidal, suspended, or emulsified components. u. For example, the use of ultrasonic waves in a baffle board has been proposed in AT-PS 38 > 235. U3-IJS 582029 discloses the use of microwaves for cleavage of emulsions. Also, the use of electrical energy for the disintegration of emulsions has been proposed in various embodiments. In various forms, liquid-liquid coalescence accelerating systems of electric fields have been used. When using such fields, isolated electrodes are used to suppress side effects, especially electrolytic effects, and when using "electric fields, there is a" critical "message field, over which immediate coalescence occurs, However, the usable field strength is limited by the inherent nature of the emulsion used, and it is known that DC fields have, in addition to less coalescence, efficacy and undesirable electrolytic phenomena may occur. ^ SKwSiHíWírJř * ''

[0005] DE-OS 3709-56 has been proposed to use high-voltage fields with a rectangular pulse waveform. it was observed at low frequencies of 60 Hz, and in the alternating electric fields the water droplets enclosed in the oil were highly polarized and therefore strongly deformed, and where the oil-water droplets are close to, lightning discharges may occur; the temperature is considerably increased and the use of alternating electric fields is again coupled by a series of undesirable side effects which result in the cleavage yield not being reproducible, and additional chemical or chemical-physical reactions that lead to loss of activity and / or interfering by-products, In cases of effective phase separation, when using alternating field energy, it is mostly fissile, v těžnost-v..porovnání. used rela - tively small-in-the electric-AC-to-poiem-and-polarization "by _-------- also deformation. particles still. and the breakdown of the emulsion prevents overlapping phenomena. The relatively high energy used leads to heating and risks breaking the breakdown voltage.

The essence and the invention

The above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by the process of breaking water-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions using an electric method according to the invention, wherein the application of the DC voltage field polarizes the emulsion and the alternating field is superimposed on the continuous DC voltage field. - ýif> ·. · -

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a process in which reproducibly low energy is obtained by deploying relatively low energy, not only oil-in-water emulsions, but also water-in-oil emulsions and mixed forms.

Embodiment of the Invention By providing a DC pole field throughout the reaction, a basic polarization state is created in which the downstream droplets orient in a predetermined manner, but still hold the surface tension together. Since not one of the electrodes is used as insulated, there is no current flowing in the liquid, and thus, a woman's uniform field of field is superimposed on an alternating field, the necessary kinetic energy can be supplied which leads to the unification of one of the phases by overcoming the surface tension and finally cleaving the emulsion. The alternating field energy does not have to do like this; in known methods to change polarization or deformation; so that the loss of efficacy does not occur when the polarization changes. Significantly fewer alternating energy fields can be used so that the temperature is considerably smaller and cannot exceed the breakdown voltage. The superposition or overlapping of the alternating field can produce a standing wave in the cleavage cell, the disintegrating droplets of the emulsion being pushed into the standing wave nodes where the individual phases are collected and the process proceeds according to their density. 3 advantageously proceeds in the frame according to the invention in such a way that the alternating field is

face by applying an AC voltage of between 200 Hza to 15 kHz, especially 250 Hz. up to 12 kHz, whereby at an alternating voltage frequency, it is possible to achieve a simple single electrode distance and thus optimum phase separation. ', ·

The lowest energy consumption can be achieved by using the method of the invention in that the distance of the electrodes and the frequency of the alternating field is selected so as to form a standing wave between the electrodes, with the input polarity 'soul' of the core being In the alternating field, one can achieve that the maximum AC field force is selected to have a smaller non-DC voltage field.

The formation of standing waves using a DC voltage field with a superimposed alternating field can be accomplished by empirically determined electrode distances, wherein the distance of the electrodes must always correspond to a multiple of the half-life of the mechanical vibration in emulsion. The superimposed alternating field is formed by simply applying a periodic alternating voltage. When using alternating voltage fields without the simultaneous use of a DC voltage field, the formation of favorable standing waves for breaking up the emulsions was not observed and at the same time significantly higher vyšší energy was needed to achieve a coalescing accelerating effect. - 5 -

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By means of the process according to the invention, it is possible to reproducibly separate the individual phases at a relatively short delay in the fission apparatus. An embodiment of the invention

The water-in-oil emulsion with a volume ratio of about 2: 10 and a water content of about 22 weight was exposed to a DC voltage field and a superimposed 10 kHz AC field within 1 minute at an electrode gap of 5 mm.

On the exit side, water in oil was found to be 0.5 weight. as the upper limit, 12 liters of emulsion flowing per hour through the fission reactor. .... r .. * --Ίι · «11 ^ 1»

Claims (4)

Between the electrodes electrically insulated with each other, the DC voltage field / polarizes the emulsion and an alternating field is superimposed on the continuous DC voltage field. Method ___of_the_production_. characterized in that ... the field is generated by applying an AC voltage of between 200 Hz and 15 kHz, in particular of £ 50 Hz to 12 kHz. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrode spacing and the alternating frequency of the field are selected such that a standing electrode is formed between the electrodes. 4. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the maximum intensity of the alternating field is chosen to be less than the intensities of the DC voltage field. -W .. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the alternating field is formed by applying a periodic alternating voltage. . '' Y "3 Oy ^ iZ 3212