CS219586B1 - A method for determining the extent of boundary propagation of kinetic non-stationary flame - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for determining the extent of the limit propagation of a kinetic non-stationary flame, which can be used in the analysis of flammable materials by measuring the explosiveness. The purpose of the invention is to obtain accurate complex data with good reproducibility and to save costs on the registration technique. The stated purpose is achieved by a simple differential connection of temperature sensors, which are at two differently situated places in the direction of propagation of the kinetic non-stationary flame.

Description

Method for determining the extent of the limit propagation of kinetic non-stationary flame, which can be used in the analysis of flammable materials by measuring explosives It is an object of the invention to obtain accurate, complex data with good reproducibility and to save the cost of the registration technique. This is achieved by a simple differential connection of the temperature sensors, which are located at two differently situated locations in the direction of kinetic non-stationary flame propagation.

219 586

219 586 (54) Method for determining the extent of the limit propagation of kinetic non-stationary flame

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for determining the extent of the limiting propagation of a kinetic non-stationary flame in combustibles or mixtures of combustibles with air, oxygen and other oxidizing agents by temperature indication, wherein conditions are chosen such that in which some adverse effects are suppressed.

Obtaining accurate comprehensive data with good reproducibility regarding the extent of the boundary propagation of kinetic non-stationary flame in relation to the issues of potential explosion hazard as well as the efficiency of phlegmatizers

(a) or explosion-suppressing inhibitors is of great importance due to the ever-increasing scientific and technological progress associated with the increase in the intensification of production processes in the various industries, in particular mining, chemical, petrochemical, gas, petroleum and others of which. show many dangerous explosions. This requires addressing, elaborating and introducing new processes and implementing reliable explosion measuring devices, and thus ensuring greater safety in working conditions in industrial companies.

Existing procedures, methodologies a) or devices known from the literature, which have not been largely standardized, are described in a research manner on the basis of the results of a self-constructed apparatus. As can be seen from these washing machines, the metering devices comprise various sources of initiation, have different dimensions and shapes of the explosive containers, which affects the measured values between the explosives.

The most widespread is the visual observation of flame propagation in glass containers, e.g. Coward, H. F., Jones, G. W., Bulletin 503, 10, Bureau of Mines Washington (1952);

* Osipov SN: Raising his own and the most traditional paro-gazo-blend mixtures 36, "Technique" Kiev (1977). Methods are known which include bursting of a surfactant-forming, bursting, or balloon-bursting, e.g. pat. file no. 41 578. Some works use a piston indicator fitted with a cock to detect overpressures to identify an explosion, e.g. MS. pat. no. 99 073, another uses an indicator capable of recording the time course of an explosion, e.g. MS, pat. file no. 113 224. The next work states we capture the explosive course with a speed film camera, eg. owls. autorské certifik. no. 347 646, the authors indicate an explosion of $ 8 in the light control, see ¹ . Guyer A., Guyer P., Frank H .: Helv. Chim. Acta, 38, No. 2505 (1955). A number of times the thermocouple is used in combination with a pressure sensor, cf. Sello H .: Ind. Eng. Chem. 50, No 10, 1561 (1958), a pressure transducer and a thermocouple located in the lower portion of the exploded mines are used. A thermocouple and a diaphragm-protected pressure sensor are also used. Gaube J., Grasse H., Simroch K .: Chem. Ing. Tech, 40, No 13, 660 (1968) and a membrane monomer with an optical device is used to control the pressure. Teramishi H .: Rev. Phys. Chem. Japan 28, 9, (1958). The explosion can be indicated by a chromelalumine thermocouple and an inductive pressure sensor. Moskovic FB, Zakaznov VF, Roďnov SK: (Gian) Bezop. Tr. Prom. 11, 46-47 (1975). The disadvantages of the above methods and measuring devices are in some cases inaccuracy and inadequate reproducibility. Some procedures, on the other hand, require additional devices that are difficult to access and may not be suitable for various types of indication. A number of drawbacks are overcome by the invention which addresses the method of determining the extent of the explosive conversion spread by suitably arranging the temperature sensors. The disadvantage of this solution is the higher demands on the registration technique and the manifestation of some undesirable effects on the results.

All of the above drawbacks are solved by the process of the present invention, wherein the method of determining the extent of the limit propagation of kinetic non-stationary flame in combustibles or mixtures of combustibles with> air, oxygen a) or other oxidant is indicated by sensing temperature difference . concentration of two differently situated places in the direction of its propagation.

Advantages of the invention include reducing the cost of the registration technique, obtaining accurate, comprehensive results with good reproducibility, which are suitable for undemanding processing and making correct conclusions.

From the course of the dependence of the temperature difference (AT) on the flammable concentration, the determination of AT _max , which is characteristic of the given flammable, is significant. Various temperature sensors can be used to measure the temperature, e.g. expansion solid thermometers, expansion liquid thermometers, vapor pressure thermometers, optical or radiation pyrometers, electrical resistance thermometers, thermoelectric cells, etc. However, thermoelectric cells have proved to be the most successful. Measurements of the range of kinetic non-stationary flame propagation after initiation can be done over a wide range of temperatures, most commonly from -60 ° C to 600 ° G and pressures up to 60 MPa.

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The method of the determination and according to the invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

To the explosion chamber of the form of balls made of stainless steel with a capacity of 5.58 1 provided with a thermocouple at the top and at the bottom of Ti thermocouple _T2 of NiCr - Ni with a diameter of 0.5 mm with a differential connection and the conditions of the specific ends are both 1 / 4 diameters from the wall of the chamber and a spiral-type indication source consisting of one thread (3 mm) made of 0.6 mm kaintal; / o obj. of inert, 0.18 vol. ethanol and 99,79% vol. methane, the analysis of which was performed chromatographically, followed by aeration of the explosive space.

After closing, the mixture is initiated by an incandescent spiral through which a current of 1 = 16 A passes for 4 s. The temperature change AT is indicated by differential thermocouples and recorded by the recorder. The measured values in the lower and upper explosion limits of methane are given in Table no. 1 and no. Second

As can be seen from the tables no. 1 and 2, AT _max corresponds to a methane concentration of 5% v / v. and

14,8% vol.

Table no. 2

attempt no. Conc. methane (% vol) Registered temperature difference ra 1 16.5 0.3 2 16.2 0.4 3 16.0 0.4 4 15.8 0.5 5 15.6 0.5 6 15.4 0.6 7 15.2 0.7 8 15.0 0.8 9 14.9 0.9 10 14.8 1.1 11 14.7 0.0 12 14.6 0.0

Example 2

In the explosive bomb, as in Example 1, the limits of the kinetics of the kinetic non-stationary flame of different combustibles are measured, mixed with air. Corresponding concentrations with respect to the AT _max p-re lower explosion limit (DMV) region are given in Table 1. 3 and for the upper explosive range (HMV) are shown in Table 3. 4th

Table no. 1

attempt no. Conc. methane (% vol) Registered temperature difference (° C) 1 4.2 0.6 2 4.3 0.9 3 4.4 1.0 4 4.5 1.1 5 4.6 1.5 6 4.7 2.4 7 4.8 3.8 8 4.9 5.8 6 5.0 14.2 10 5.1 14.1 11 5.2 14.0 12 5.3 6.0 13 5.4 2.2 14 5.5 0.0

Table no. 3

attempt no. combustible liquids guilt Conc. (% by volume) Registered temperature difference AT _max in * DMV area (° C) 1 ethylene 2.9 14.1 2 hydrogen 7.5 14.4 3 acetone 2.6 0.5 4 ether 1.65 1.8

Table no. 4

attempt no. combustible liquids guilt Conc. (Vol. (% Registered temperature difference AT _max in HMV (° C) 1 ethylene 26.0 14.1 2 hydrogen 74.1 1.2 3 acietón 10.5 11.5 4 ether 36.0 14.5

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Claims (1)

219 586 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION A method of locating a range of boundary propagation of a kinetic unsteady flame in combustibles or mixtures of minerals by air, oxygen a) or other oxygenator by indicating the temperature, indicating that the difference in temperature changes is dependent on the concentration at two different locations in the direction of propagation.