CS217602B1 - Bone processing method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method of treating bone.

Institutions designed for the disposal, disposal and processing of fallen stock and inedible animal substances utilize whole bodies of dead, premature and stillbirth or killed animals, inedible meat, decayed raw materials and foodstuffs of animal origin, animal body waste during slaughter and further processing, for example. eyes, ear sagging, cartilaginous parts of external ear canals, umbilical cord in pigs, genital organs, gall bladders, aortic parts, gastric scraps, unusable intestines, fat pieces, waste bones, unused blood, fish waste, egg shells, dairy sludge, glue , i.e. trimmings of hides, ears and tails, tannins from tanneries and the like, wherein destructors heated indirectly by steam are used for the treatment of these rendering waste.

The original method of processing rendering material, the so-called wet system, was carried out by welding and sterilizing the material by direct steam supply. With the condensation of steam, so-called glue waters were formed with extractive substances, which together with the fat were discharged to the recipient in which the fat was separated from the glue waters by cessation. The fat was discharged into the drums, possibly in advance to the cleaner. Glue waters containing large amounts (about 1/3 of the protein of the starting material) were discharged unused to the sewer. This meant a loss in meal yield. Or they were pumped back to the destructor where they were dried with superheated steam with the remaining material, increasing production costs and creating an unwelcome product. The processing time was prolonged, the steam consumption increased disproportionately, and the greater percentage of fat remained in the meal (15 to 25%).

Because of these disadvantages (high operating costs and lower product yield), the wet process is no longer used. It moved to a so-called dry system with mechanical fat separation. The basic device of this system is a destructor. It is a horizontal cylindrical vessel with a double jacket. A stirrer shaft extends horizontally in the center of the vessel. The machine is equipped with a filler neck and, on the opposite side, an outlet neck extending into the trough of the meat-bone slurry. Upon filling and sealing of the destructor filler neck, steam is introduced into the jacket, the material is boiled, and then dried to release the steam formed. The meat-bone slurry obtained is conveyed by a screw conveyor to a hydraulic press or centrifuges where excess fat is separated.

Another modern way of processing rendering material is the so-called extraction system. The material is placed in destructors equipped with indirect steam heating without releasing odorous gases. The weight of individual pieces must not exceed approximately 20 kg. After the destruction is complete, the workpiece is discharged into a downstream extraction machine, to which the extractant is pumped and the material is washed with the extraction liquid. The fat solution, the so-called grinder, is pumped into a distillation column. The solvent and water vapors are discharged to the condenser. The condensed solvent and water are separated based on specific weights. Modern system allows working on one destructor.

Recently, a so-called continuous extraction has been constructed, in which the material that is cooked and dried in duplicator destructors is introduced into a continuous exitraktor. Petrol is used as an extractant. Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as perchlorethylene may also be used for the extraction. They have the advantage of explosion-proofness. However, in the presence of metals, especially in the light, perchlorethylene decomposes and at higher temperatures poisonous phosgene is formed.

There was a great deal of difficulty in processing bones without other rendering material. Wet system destructors equipped with direct steam supply do not allow wet steam to dry boiled bones. It is necessary to use superheated steam, and the coefficient of utilization of caloric effect is very insufficient. However, many plants cannot dry in this way because they do not have a device for producing superheated steam and are therefore forced to dry the bones in a separate apparatus.

In the treatment of bones with a dry system, in turn, difficult glue-like broths arise, which squeeze on the interior of the destructor shell and which are very difficult to separate from the boiled bones. This deficiency is partially remedied.

The addition of urea has proven to work best with the effect of coagulating agents on glue waters. However, the above-mentioned failures were not fully eliminated, disproportionate to the cost of difficult handling.

The aforementioned drawbacks of the so-called wet and dry method of bone treatment are eliminated by the method according to the invention, which consists in the fact that bovine, pork, mutton and other bones, to which render materials can also be added, are treated with direct steam at 0 3 to 0.7 MPa (2 to 6 atp) for 2 to 4 h; the resulting broth is drained and the bones are removed from the broth by re-introducing direct steam at 2 to 6 MPa for 5 to 30 minutes, after which the broth is also drained and the bones are dried indirect steam of 0.3 to 0.7 MPa (2-6 etc.) up to _100/0 of water content, while the discharge of the vapors, then dried overcooked bone roll up and ground.

A destructor device for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawing.

The destructor is filled with bones of any provenance, such as beef, pork, mutton and others, to which can also be added rendering materials. Direct steam is then introduced at a pressure of 0.3 to 0.7 MPa (2 to 6 atp). After boiling the bones, which takes 2 to 4 hours (time depends on the quality of the bones to be processed), direct steam is discharged. Then the resulting stock broth is also drained. Thereafter, the destructor is exposed to indirect steam introduced into, for example, the jacket and the stirrers, while discharging the vapors produced by drying the bones. The escaping vapors are fed to the condenser or to the prior heating of the process water. Dried, cooked bones are rolled up and ground after drying. A high-nutritional bone meal is obtained. The stock is divided into a water and lipoid phase in a separating vessel. The separated fat is washed and the aqueous phase is treated either directly by feeding or in a known manner, e.g.

In the drawing, a destructor for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown. It is a horizontal destructor of known construction provided with indirect steam heating, for example in the form of a duplicator 1 or a heated stirrer 2. Furthermore, it is equipped with condensation 3, a filling opening 4, a steam discharge opening 5 and a duplicator emptying opening 6. This system is complemented by new elements of the device, namely a direct steam inlet 7, an opening 8 for draining the broth, which is covered by a protective net 9 which does not leak solid bone parts, and possibly supplemented with a collecting vessel 10 for leaving the broth.

The advantage of this device is that it eliminates the use of superheated steam, which is necessary for drying the bones in the so-called wet process, allows drying of the material - bones and radically reduces the placement of glue broths on the inside of the duplicator sheath. . The most important advantage of the above-mentioned device is that working in this type of destructor makes it possible to process bones in a single phase with the addition of rendered materials, which is of great importance for individual agricultural plants.

Claims (1)

Process for the treatment of bones, optionally with the addition of rendered materials, characterized in that beef, pork, mutton and other bones to which the rendered materials can also be added are treated with direct steam at a pressure of 0.3 to 0.7 MPa for a period of time. After 2 to 4 hours, the resulting broth is drained and the bones are freed from the remainder of the invention by re-introducing direct steam at 0.3 to 0.7 MPa for 5 to 30 minutes, after which the broth is also drained and the bones are dried. indirect vapors with a pressure of 0.3 to 0.7 MPa up to 10% of the water content while discharging the resulting vapors, whereupon the dried molten bones are rolled up and ground.