CS212066B1 - Reactive elastomerous pasting binder for pasting the tiling plates - Google Patents

Description

Tiles, wall tiles, insulating or ornamental slabs are still most often glued to plasters, brick, stone, glass or other substrates with mortars made of special high quality cements, mastics based on coal or brown coal pitches or bitumens or petroleum distillation residues

To a lesser extent, adhesives and adhesives based on carboxymethylcellulose, starch, glue, polyvinyl alcohol and the like are used for gluing.

At present, there is no universal adhesive sealant that would enable the widest possible range of boards to be attached to different substrates. The aforementioned methods have a number of drawbacks consisting in the difficult availability of special high-quality cements, limited life of the tiles due to insufficient adhesion, often very different values of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate and tile, low resistance to thermal cycles, low resistance to long-term exposure to water. These drawbacks are overcome by the use of synthetic resin based sealants, in particular epoxy and polyurethane. Polyurethane resins provide sealants with very good performance, but are highly sensitive to processing as well as to moisture in the substrate and cladding. In some cases aggravated aging has been observed, manifested by dropping of the sheets, especially from stone and glass substrates. For these reasons, the use of polyurethane sealants has not achieved any widespread use and is limited to very special cases. Adhesion of boards and other cladding with epoxy resin based sealants yielded a number of very positive indicators (adhesion, water resistance), but the poor resistance to alternating temperatures has not been satisfactorily solved, leading to the development of considerable internal tensile stresses gradually Attempts to use known flexible epoxy adhesive sealants have not resulted in a substantial improvement in general for inadequate aging, and therefore the use of epoxy adhesive sealants is limited to those cases where the tiles are not exposed to alternating surfaces. temperatures, and in particular the excellent water resistance of these sealants can be applied, with the exception of silicone rubber adhesive sealants, the use of rubber sealants has also not Silicone elastomer-based sealants have reached a certain extent especially due to their good water resistance and alternating temperatures, but widespread use is hampered by high cost, low tensile strength and relatively low adhesion to some surfaces. Thus, the present state of the art does not make it possible to solve the problem of gluing tiles, tiles, etc. on various substrates using a universal adhesive sealant which would lack the above drawbacks. Since tile technology is essentially due to the properties of the sealant and the nature or composition of the tile material, the development tends to use a universal adhesive sealant with sufficient adhesion even in the uncured state that would allow all operations to be carried out immediately and without undue delay. It is therefore a method of execution (quality cladding functions primarily of adhesive sealant parameters.

It has now been found that the above-mentioned drawbacks can be avoided by reactive elastomeric adhesive sealant for bonding cladding boards to substrates such as plaster, concrete, brick, stone, glass, wood or synthetic materials, the cladding boards or substrate being preferably provided (with an anchor coating based on cured epoxy resins or epoxy rubbers, consisting of 100 parts by weight of liquid epoxy elastomers having a mean molecular weight of 400 to 4000 and an epoxy group content of 0,05 to 0,40 mol / 100 g, 3,5 to 100 parts by weight of an amine vulcanizer having an average molecular weight of 56 to 1500, containing at least two nitrogen atoms and at least three active hydrogen atoms, 10 to 400 parts by weight of fillers, grinders, pigments or dyes, and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight. reinforcing agents.

An adhesive sealant layer is applied to the backing or back of the cladding board, the cladding board is fitted, the joints are filled with adhesive sealant of the composition described above, the cladding board is optionally fixed against displacement, in particular against loosening itself, and vulcanized.

In most cases, it is preferred that the substrate and / or the reverse side of the cladding sheets are coated with an epoxy coating prior to applying the adhesive sealant layer to the backing or backing of the cladding board. The epoxy anchor coating is preferably a 10-80% (w / w) solution of a medium molecular weight molecular weight epoxy resin composition of 340 to 1000 with an amino acid content of 56 to 1500 containing at least two nitrogen atoms per molecule and at least 3 active hydrogens in an amount of 90 to 120% of theory, based on the content of epoxy groups, in volatile aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene. Also preferably, an epoxy anchor coating consisting of a 10 to 80% (by weight) solution of a mixture of liquid epoxy elastomer having a mean molecular weight of 400 to 4000 and an epoxy group content of 0.05 to 0.40 mol / 100 g with an average molecular weight amino acid vulcanizer can be used. % to 1500, containing at least two nitrogen atoms per molecule and at least three active hydrogens in an amount of 90 to 200% of theory, based on the epoxide group content, in volatile aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene. The advantage of the sealant for gluing the cladding boards according to the invention over the prior art is its versatility, which is particularly important when a non-uniform substrate is clad or when several types of cladding boards are used for cladding. Moreover, the process itself is very simple and the cladding is durable. The parameters of the cured adhesive sealant are unattainable by the prior art.

Preferably, the adhesive is prepared immediately prior to bonding and it is advisable to add vulcanization rate control agents, surface tension, flow, etc. as required. Epoxy elastomers are based on low molecular weight epoxide adducts modified with mono- or multifunctional reactive diluents. capable of reacting with amino vulcanizers or on diglycidyl esters of dicarboxylic polymers and mixtures thereof with low molecular weight epoxides, diglycidyl polyurethanes, diglycidyl polysulfides and the like. The reactive diluents are, in particular, mono-diepoxide derivatives, such as glycidyl ethers of aliphatic polyols, diphenols, glycidyl esters of mono-dicarboxylic acids, diglycidylamines, diglycidylurethanes, etc. In addition, mono- or polyfunctional aliphatic esters of acrylic acid may be used as effective reactive diluents.

The vulcanization of the epoxy liquid elastomers is carried out in the range of 10 to 60 ° C with amine compounds having an average molecular weight of 56 to 1500, having at least three active hydrogens capable of reacting with an epoxy or acrylic group and at least two nitrogen atoms per molecule. These are, for example, polyethylene polyamines, polypropylene polyamines, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,6-diaminohexane, trimethylhexamethylenedlamine, isophorone diamine, menthandiamine, xylylenediamines, cyclohexanediamines, diaminodicyclohexylmethane, diaminodicyclohexyl polyamides or polyamino-dicamino or polyamides, of acids. The amount of vulcanizer used may range from 90 to 200% of theory, based on the total content of epoxy and possibly acrylic groups in the epoxy elastomer as desired. The vulcanization can be accelerated as desired by phenolic compounds, boric acid chelates with polyhydroxy compounds and the like.

After vulcanization, epoxy rubbers having a tensile strength of 0.3 to 30 MPa and an elongation of 30 to 400% are obtained. However, for gluing of tiles and tiles it is necessary to achieve a number of partial effects that neither the elastomer nor the rubber fulfills. It is especially the improvement of thermal conductivity, achieving better spreadability, avoiding run-off etc. For this reason, in addition to the vulcanizer, other substances such as fillers, grinders, pigments, dyes, reinforcing agents, surface tension control agents and the like are added to the epoxy liquid elastomer.

By using the reactive elastomeric sealant according to the invention, it is possible to successfully bond internal and external cladding which, after vulcanization of the sealant, also holds onto vertical substrates without auxiliary screws or other fasteners. It is also possible to glue in particular tiles of bleach, terracotta, earthenware, porcelain, glass, polystyrene, but also cladding with stone slabs, ceramic slabs, concrete slabs, terrazzo slabs and slabs of other material such as sandstone, marl, slate, conglomerated stone, granitoid, marble, travertine and more. The invention can also be advantageously used in the implementation of mosaic tiles. Tiles have excellent resistance to alternating temperatures, different thermal expansion of the base and tiling is eliminated, the tiles are impermeable to water, resist the effects of oils and fuels.

Since most substrates, but also tiles and tiles have a very absorbent surface (especially the back), it is advisable to first apply a coating with anchor solution. This results in both the filling of the pores of the substrate and the anchoring of the adhesive sealant. The anchor coatings are carried out using a solution of unfilled epoxy resin with an average molecular weight of 340 to 1000 with an amine hardener or a solution of unfilled epoxy elastomer with an amine vulcanizer, usually in volatile aromatics (toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene etc.), exceptionally in chlorinated hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof Depending on the absorbency of the substrate, tiles or tiles, the anchoring solution may be completely cross-linked prior to the application of the adhesive elastomeric sealant, but in some cases it may be possible to apply tiling or paving on partially cross-linked anchors. (lower ambient temperature).

Example 1

The brick wall, provided with lime-cement mortar, is sprayed with an anchor coat so that it penetrates to a depth of at least 5 mm, then left to ventilate and crosslink for 24 hours. An anchor coat is prepared by mixing 100 parts of a low molecular weight epoxy resin having an average molecular weight of 392 with 11 wt. parts of diethylenetriamine and diluting the mixture with toluene to a 10% solution. The reverse side of the glazed porcelain tiles (glazed, facing side) is also painted. An adhesive sealant is prepared by mixing 100 wt. parts of a liquid epoxy elastomer consisting of 70 wt. dimer fatty acid diglycidyl ester and 30 wt. low molecular weight epoxy resins with an average molecular weight of 392.4.9 wt. parts of ethylenediamine and homogenized. 40 wt. parts of quartz sand grain 0.2 to 0.8 mm, 350 wt. parts of ground barite and 1.5 wt. parts of siloxide. Thixotropic adhesive sealant is applied in a layer of 2 to 3 mm on a cement-lime plaster coated with anchored (crosslinked) and placed in a leveled layer of adhesive sealant with the back side of the tiles, leveled according to the ruler and joints are filled with the same sealant. . parts of ferrous ocher. It is not necessary to fix glued tiles in unvulcanised sealant unless their thickness is greater than 10 mm. The sealant is allowed to cure, which is finished at room temperature after three days, but after only 24 hours the adhesive sealant is solidified and achieves 70 to 75% tensile strength (approximately

6,5 MPaj.

Example 2

The floor of the leveled smoothed concrete room is provided with an anchor coat consisting of 20 wt. parts of xylene, 80 wt. parts of a blend consisting of 50% low molecular weight epoxy resin with a mean molecular weight of 420 and 50% polyaminoamide resin prepared from dimer fatty acids and triethylenetetramine. After 24 hours the conglomerated stone tiles are laid.

First the adhesive sealant is prepared:

100 wt. parts of a liquid epoxy elastomer having an average molecular weight of 1380, formed by mixing 80 wt. parts of an adduct of 1 mole of dimeric fatty acids with two moles of low molecular weight epoxy resin having an average molecular weight of 342 and 20 wt. parts of a low molecular weight aliphatic epoxy resin based on ethylene glycol (epoxy group content 0.710 mol / 100 g) are homogenized with 100 wt. parts by weight of polyaminoamine of dimer fatty acids and trimethylhexamethylenediamine (average molecular weight 910) are added, followed by the addition of 10 wt. parts of powdered rubber and 10 wt. parts of quaternized bentonite (reinforcing agent). Thorough mixing creates an elastomeric adhesive sealant, which is applied to the reverse wall of the tile in a layer of 4 to 5 mm, according to twine or ruler the tile is set, leveled and grouted. After curing for 24 hours at a temperature of 15 ° C, the adhesive sealant is solidified and already has a tensile strength of approximately 2 to 2.5 MPa.

Example 3

The dry, smoothed and balanced cement-concrete facade was coated with the anchoring coating of Example 1. An elastomeric epoxy adhesive sealant was prepared by mixing 80 wt. parts of an adduct having an average molecular weight of 1450, 1 mole of dimeric fatty acids with 2 moles of low molecular weight epoxy resin having an average molecular weight of 400, 20 wt. parts of 1,8-octanediol diacrylate, 20.5 wt. parts of isophorone diamine, 10 wt. parts of aluminum dust ALBC-40 and 0.15 wt. parts of siloxide. The thixotropic elastomeric sealant is applied to the reverse side of the assembled mosaic, glued with glue or carboxymethylcellulose onto the kraft paper. The mosaic part is placed on the facade and aligned according to the ruler or the cord. After 36 hours at 25 ° C, the curing of the sealant is 85-90% complete so that the paper can be moistened and torn off. The fully cured adhesive has a tensile strength of 10.5 MPa.

Claims (2)

SUBJECT A reactive elastomeric adhesive for bonding cladding boards to substrates such as plasters, concrete, brick, stone, glass, wood or synthetic-based surfaces, the cladding boards or substrate preferably being anchored with cured epoxy resins or epoxy rubbers, characterized in that it consists of 100 wt. parts by weight of an average molecular weight epoxy elastomer VYNALEZU 400 to 4000 and an epoxide content of 0.05 to 0.40 mol / 100 g, 3.5 to 100 wt. parts of an amine vulcanizer of an average molecular weight of 56 to 1500, containing at least two nitrogen atoms per molecule and at least three active hydrogens, 10 to 400 wt. parts of fillers, grogs, pigments and / or dyes and 0.1 to 10 wt. reinforcing parts.