CS210348B1 - Wiring of the circuit for connecting the carcinotrone anode current by the ordered range of its value only - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a circuit for connecting an anode voltage of a carcinotron only within a specified range of its value. The circuitry according to the invention is part of a comprehensive protection against damage or even destruction of a carcinotron or similar vacuum tube of high economic value.

The carcinotron or similar tube requires a controlled handling during commissioning, in which the first anode circuit, which has not yet been energized, is only switched on after the ignition has been completed, the anode voltage has been switched on and the carcinotron has been thermally saturated.

It is known that the controlled handling of the carcinotron is mostly manual, in which the glow circuit is switched on manually, then the anode voltage circuit, and finally the first anode circuit, ie the acceleration electrodes, at the intervals and voltage levels prescribed by the manufacturer. of the carcinotron in question, or similar tubes. However, in manual handling, it is not always possible to ensure its reliability due to a more complex procedure in the case of a carcinotron which can only be connected with an anode voltage whose value is closely tolerated, for example 1000 V - 50 Ϊ.

After the anode voltage is connected, the first anode circuit is connected, without voltage, which is then set. Only then, by adjusting the anode voltage, the desired frequency is set to a precise value. Serious damage or even destruction of the carcinotron may occur if the anode voltage is accidentally connected to the carcinotron by manual handling. There is no possibility of avoiding the described mistake during manual handling. This fact, ie the influence of the human factor, is the main disadvantage of manual manipulation.

In addition to manual handling, known manipulations are provided electrically using relays and delay circuits of various designs. They are usually designed to meet special requirements and therefore the comparison of their structure with that of the solution according to the invention cannot be unequivocally positive or negative. Only in terms of sensitivity, reliability and voltage selectivity can these circuits be described as less perfect, or if the same effects were achieved as in the invention, the solution would be more complex and consequently less reliable, or even more expensive.

The object of the invention is to connect a circuit for connecting an anode voltage of a carcinotron only within a specified range of its value, which is formed from a relay whose first winding output is connected via an external control switch and via a first relay controlled relay to the positive terminal an emitter of a first switching transistor of the npn type is connected, the collector of which is connected to a common terminal of an external control switch and a first switch controlled by a relay.

The base of a first switching transistor via a first resistor connected to the collector of the first comparator transistor of the PNP type whose emitter is connected to the ground terminal and whose base is connected both via a third resistor to the negative terminal of the source of the anode voltage U _A and via the second resistor to the positive terminal of the source voltage Ug and at the same time through the fifth resistor with the base of the second comparative transistor type npn, which is connected through the sixth resistor to the negative terminal of the anode voltage source U _A ·

The emitter of the second comparative transistor of the npn type is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source Uj, the negative terminal of which is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage source Ug and to the ground terminal. The collector of the second comparator npn is connected via a fourth resistor to the base of the second pnp switching transistor, the emitter of which is connected both to the ground terminal and to the emitter of the second pnp switching transistor through the second switch. A third relay controlled relay is wired in the control circuit for connecting the first carcinotron anode to a voltage source.

The main advantages of the circuit according to the invention are: high technical efficiency, totally reliable operation, achievable and inexpensive components and reasonable purchase costs. In addition, the wiring allows programmatic control of the operation of the carcinotron - or a tube similar to it - without the risk of accident and consequent damage if the anode voltage disappears for any reason. In this case, it is not possible to supply the carcinotron with an anode voltage other than the prescribed values and the associated tolerances, nor is it possible to connect the first anode circuit, which itself can be provided with the circuit according to the invention and protected similarly to the anode circuit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit for connecting an anode voltage of the carcinotron only at a specified value; and FIG. 2 is a schematic of an example of the particular circuit shown in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 1, the first winding terminal of relay g is connected via an external control switch 2 to the collector of the first switching transistor g of the npn type, the emitter of which is connected to the positive terminal 20 of the power supply U1. The collector and emitter of the first switching transistor g of the npn type are connected to the contacts of the first switch g controlled by the relay g. The base of the first switching transistor g is connected via the first resistor 6 to the collector of the first comparative transistor 2 of the pnp type whose emitter is connected to the ground terminal 2g. the base is connected both via a third resistor 10 to the negative terminal 22 of the source of the anode voltage U _a, partly through the second resistor 8 to the positive terminal of the source g overvoltages + i Ug and also through a fifth resistor GG base of the second comparator transistor 16 of NPN type, which is connected via a sixth resistor 18 is connected to the negative terminal 22 of the anode voltage source U _A <.

The emitter of the second comparative transistor 16 of the npn type is coupled to the positive terminal of the voltage source 12, the negative terminal of which is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage source g of the voltage Ug and to the ground terminal 21. The collector of the second comparative transistor 16 of the npn type is connected via a fourth resistor 11 to the base of the second switching transistor 13 of the pnp type, whose emitter is connected to the ground terminal 21, on the one hand. on the other hand, via the second switch 14 controlled by the relay 1 with the collector of the second pnp switching transistor 13 and at the same time with the second relay winding terminal 1. The third relay 19 controlled by the relay 1 is connected in the control circuit for connecting the first carcinotron anode to voltage.

In FIG. 2, the first winding terminal of the relay 1 is connected via an external control switch 6 to the collector of the first switching transistor J of the type npn, whose emitter is connected to the positive terminal 20 of the power supply U1. The collector and emitter of the first switching transistor J of the npn type are connected to the contacts of the first switch 1 controlled by the relay 1. The base of the first switching transistor J is connected via the seventh resistor 23 to the positive terminal 20 of the power supply U _N ; a first comparative transistor 2 of the pnp type, the emitter of which is connected to the ground terminal 21 and whose base is connected to the cathode of the first diode 28. whose anode is connected to the first connected terminals of the second adjustable resistor 8 and the third resistor JJ; the second terminal of the sixth resistor 18 is connected to the negative terminal 22 of the anode voltage source U1, the positive terminal of which is connected to the ground terminal 21.

The second terminal of the fifth, adjustable resistor 17, together with the second terminal of the second, adjustable resistor 8, is connected via the ninth resistor 25 to the positive terminal 20 of the power supply U _N and simultaneously to the cathode of the first Zener diode 26. 27. secondly, an emitter of a second comparative transistor 16 of the npn type, the base of which is connected to the anode of the second diode 29, the cathode of which is connected to the first terminals of the sixth resistor 18 and the fifth adjustable resistor 17.

The cathode of the second Zener diode 27 is connected to the ground terminal 21. The collector of the second comparative transistor 17p of the npn type is connected via the fourth resistor 15 to the base of the second switching transistor 13 of the pnp type and to the ground terminal 21 via the eighth resistor 24. to which the emitter of the second pnp switching transistor 13 is also connected, while its collector is connected to the second relay winding terminal 1. The collector and the emitter of the second pnp switching transistor 13 are connected to the contacts of the second relay 14 controlled relay 1. 1 is wired in a control circuit for connecting the first carcinotron anode to a voltage source.

Operation of the circuit connected in accordance with FIG. 1 is based on the state where the external control switch 2 is open and the absolute value of the anode voltage of the source increases from zero. The first comparator transistor 2 ^e j current flowing from source 2 voltage U across the resistor 8 and through the base-emitter to ground. At the same time, the first switching transistor 2 is opened by a current flowing from the voltage source Uj, which first flows through the emitter-base transistor J transistor, resistor 6 and transistor 2 into ground. - At the moment when the anode voltage reaches -U _A + Δ11, that is, when its absolute value is equal to (U _A -AU), ie at the lower tolerance limit, the current from the voltage source 12 begins to pass through the emitter-base transition. a second comparative transistor 16 and a resistor 18 to the negative terminal 22 of the anode voltage source U1.

The second comparative transistor 16 opens and its collector current flowing from the voltage source Uj through the resistor 11 opens the second switching transistor 11. At the moment when the anode voltage reaches the value -U _A - £> U, that is, when its absolute value is equal to (U _A + AU), ie it is at the upper tolerance limit, the value of the voltage U ^ of the resistive divider resistors 8 and 11, which causes the first comparative transistor 2 and the first switching transistor J to close. Relay 1 can only be switched on by actuating external control switch 2 if the anode voltage U has a value lying in the range -U _A - 4 U < U -U _A + / SU, where - Δ U stands for anode voltage tolerance U _A ·

Once relay 1 begins to flow, the operation of the two switching transistors 2, 13 by switches 2 and 13As that are actuated, i.e. closed, relay 2 is blocked. Switch 22, also controlled by relay 2, and connected in the control circuit to connect the first anode, i.e. The accelerator electrodes of the carcinotron to the voltage source remain permanently on even when the anode voltage source voltage deviates from the -U _A - Δ U range.

If the external control switch 2 is open and the absolute value of the anode voltage U _{A of the} source decreases from a certain value higher than (U _A + Δ U) towards zero, with relay 2 not switched on, that is, 1, the second comparative transistor 16 and the second switching transistor 13 are nonconductive.

When the anode voltage U _A becomes -U _A - 2 ^u > ^t0 means when its absolute value is equal to (UA + Δ U), ie it is at the upper tolerance limit, the first comparative transistor 2 opens and opens the first switching transistor J. - At the moment when the anode voltage reaches -UA + Δυ, that is, when its absolute value is equal to (UA -AU), that is, at the lower tolerance limit, the second comparative transistor 16 and the second switching transistor 12 they close, that is, they become nonconductive. - Relay 2 ^e j can be switched by switching the external control switch 2 only in the case if the anode voltage UA value lying within the range -U _A - AU.

As soon as relay 2 begins to flow, the operation of the two switching transistors 13, 13 is switched again by switches 2 ^and 21 which are actuated, i.e. closed, relay 2. Switch 22, also controlled by relay 2 and connected in the control circuit for connecting the first carcinotron anode. to the voltage source, it remains permanently closed even if the anode voltage source voltage deviates from the -U _A ί Δ U range.

Operation of the circuit of FIG. 2: the circuit of FIG. 2 is the same as that of FIG. 1, since components such as resistors 6 and 22, 23 and 24, diodes 28 and 29 do not alter the structure or operation of the circuit of FIG. 2 in comparison with the circuit of FIG. 1, but either merely provide protection for the switching transistors J and 22, which are applicable to resistors 6, 22, 22, 22 and diodes 28, 29, or replace the voltage source 12 | 2 and the source voltage U _2, which applies to the Zener diodes 26 including 27th 25th resistor which is included in the parametric stabilizer composed of Zener diodes 26, 22- operation of the circuit of FIG. 2 is therefore the same as the previously described operation of the circuit of FIG. 1.

Operation and purpose of circuit elements:

relay 1 controls a switch 19 which is connected to a control circuit for connecting the first carcinotron anode to a voltage source;

the external control switch 2 via relay 2 allows the first carotid tube anode to be connected to a voltage source only if the anode voltage U satisfies the relation:

-U _A - Δ U <U <-U _A + Δ U;

the switching transistors 3 and 13 close the current supply circuit of the relay winding;

the switches 2, 14, which are controlled by the relay 2, block the automatic operation generated by the switching transistors J, 13 when the switch 22, which is connected in the control circuit for connecting the first carcinotron anode to the voltage source, i.e. a wide frequency tuning is possible to the voltage source without the action of the automatics formed by transistors J, 22 to disconnect the voltage from the first anode. However, such detachment may be effected by another carcinotron protection circuit;

the limiting resistors 6, 22 protect the bases of the switching transistors J, 13 from excessive current in their conductive state; /

Comparative transistors 2, 16 close or open the switching transistors J, 22 ™ of the -U _A + AU, -U _A - AU tolerance band interfaces;

the voltage divider of resistors 8, 10 forms a dividing ratio which determines the comparative voltage U1 and the voltage divider of resistors 17, 18 forms a dividing ratio that determines the comparative voltage U1 of resistors 23. 24 are intended to limit the residual current of the switching transistors J, 13:

The two Zener diodes 26, 27 form a parametric stabilizer, powered from the supply voltage U _N via a stabilizing resistor 25. This parametric stabilizer generates two voltages against the ground terminal 21, namely: diode 27 of voltage U ₁ and diode 26 of voltage. circuit of Fig. 1 using two sources 12 and one of the voltage U, and U ^_2: 2§ resistance. defines the current flowing through the Zener diodes 26 and 27. ' the separating diodes 28, 29 protect the bases of the comparator transistors 2, 16 from the breakdown by excessive reverse voltage;

the blocking diode 10 protects the switching transistor 13 against the voltage induced by the winding of the relay 11 when the external control switch 2 is opened.

The operation of the circuit according to the invention can be illustrated by the following formulas: if the current flowing to the base of transistor 7 is zero,

U = I + _2. (resistance 8 + resistance 10) and U ₂ = I. resistor 8 + U, where I is the current flowing through resistors 8 and 10.

^U 2 ^{+ U} A

Current I = ^U 2 ^U 3 resistor 8 + resistor 10 resistor 8 it follows that the voltage resistor 8 u ₃ - U „resistor 8 + resistor 10

Similarly, the voltage is calculated assuming that the current flowing to the base of transistor 16 is zero:

resistor 12 ^U 4 ^{= U} 2 resistor 17 + resistor 18.

. (U ₂ here _A ).

The voltage value is valid until transistor 2 opens, for U U. O ^ -AU.

The voltage value is valid until transistor 1 6 is opened. For U á - + Δ U.

The values of Iu and for silicon transistors are about 1.2 V.

A prerequisite for fulfilling the effects is a high value of the current amplifier beta of the pair of transistors 3 and 1, 16 and 12, as well as low values of the resistors 15 and 16

Since the current amplifier beta is large, the current flowing through the resistors 10 and 8, determined predominantly by the resistance value 10, is relatively small, and the desired anode voltage tolerance of 4 U is set by the resistance value 8. Similarly is small and the required anode voltage tolerance + Δ U is set by resistance value 17.

Retaining voltage U ^, U ₂ are formed parametric stabilizer formed from two Zener diodes 26th 2.2, supplied from the supply voltage source via a stabilization resistor

ŽŽ210348

The circuit according to the invention was implemented in case of anode voltage of 1000 V - 100 V, while the anode voltage source was adjustable in the range of 200 to 2600 V. Stability of the set range - - The anode voltage is given by temperature dependence of Zener diodes 26, 27 at a working point that is small enough for the application.

The use of the circuit according to the invention is possible not only in the carcinotrone itself, but in all tubes belonging to the group of return wave tubes with a speed-modulated electron beam, in which the interaction of the electromagnetic wave and the electronic tube gives the microwave energy to the electromagnetic field. The frequency of this microwave energy can be varied by the magnitude of the anode voltage U 2, approximately linearly, and over a wide range of frequencies of 1: 2 to 1: 3. By varying the voltage of the first anode, the microwave power can be controlled.

The circuit according to the invention can be modified in various ways. The switch 19 controlled by relay 3 may be supplemented by additional switches, synchronously operated relay 3 and connected to other protective or control circuits; alternatively, a single switch 19 may be wired to a circuit that includes power switches connected and controlling the purpose circuits of the one or more wiring.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Circuit connection of an anode voltage of the carcinotron only at a specified value range, which is part of a comprehensive protection against damage or even destruction of the carcinotron or similar high economic value tube, characterized in that it consists of a relay (1) a control switch (2) and via a first switch (4) controlled by a relay (1) connected to the positive terminal (20) of the power supply U1, to which the emitter of the first switching transistor (3) of the npn type is connected; a common terminal of the external control switch (2) and the first switch (4) controlled by the relay (1) and the base of which is connected via a first resistor (6) to the collector of the first pnp comparative transistor (7), the emitter being connected to the ground terminal (21) ) and whose base is connected via the third resistor (10) to the negative terminal (22) of the anode voltage source U ^, and secondly a resistor (8) with a positive terminal of the voltage source (9) and at the same time via a fifth resistor (17) with the base of the second comparative transistor (16) of the npn type, which is connected to the negative terminal (22) of the anode source the voltage U1, while the emitter of the second comparative transistor (16) of the npn type is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source U1 | the negative terminal of which is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage source (9) Ug and the ground terminal (21), and the collector of the second comparator (16) of the npn type is connected via the fourth resistor (10o) to the base of the second switch transistor (13). a pnp type, the emitter of which is connected both to the ground terminal (21) and to the emitter of the second pnp switching transistor (13) via a second switch (14) and a second winding terminal of the relay (1); a third switch (19) controlled by the relay (1) is connected in a control circuit for connecting the first carcinotron anode to a voltage source.