CS209293B1 - A preparation that prevents freezing of powdery, granular and low-temperature materials - Google Patents

Abstract

A preparation consisting of hydrogenolysates of mono-, di-, tri- or polysaccharides and surfactants, which can be applied to loose, powdery to lumpy materials such as coal, ores, sand, gravel, etc. Its effectiveness is very high, it has no corrosive effects, has a low freezing point and is non-toxic.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a composition for preventing the freezing of powdery, granular and particulate materials at low temperatures consisting of carbohydrate hydrogenolysates, wetting agents for the surface of the materials to be treated and water.

Most raw materials, fuels, building materials as well as some products or wastes are in powder, granular or fragmentary form and contain less or more water. , During handling in the freezing winter period, there is a compact freezing of materials, which makes transport (loading and unloading) and removal from landfills more difficult before direct use. This is the case, for example, in the transport of coal, ores, sand, gravel, soil (brick clay, coal), and the like, where the freeze-up compact loads are usually thawed by heat input (steam, hot air, hot water, direct flame). Due to the relatively high latent heat of ice melting, the required heat input is considerable, as a rule, the degree of energy utilization is low, so the process is costly, time consuming and in many cases accompanied by the destruction of the fleet using the most radical method. The degree of danger is also considerable for the operators of the de-icing equipment. The main disadvantage of these processes, however, is the re-freezing of thawed masses in the event of free storage - as is the case, for example, in coal-fired power plants, heating plants, ironworks, concrete plants and the like. Repeated defrosting becomes almost unbearable economically due to the price of raw materials.

Attempts to replace energy-intensive processes by physicochemical defrosting processes, such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride or some organic suppressants to freeze the materials, have caused corrosion problems (not only rolling stock but railway or road superstructure) washing out the additives under eventual rainfall. Also toxicological problems made it difficult to apply these - principally promising - procedures because the applied products not only had to show contact toxicity (guaranteeing harmlessness to the operator), but the ingredients should not contain in their composition elements that would cause harmful combustion emissions (eg nitrous gases, SO ₂ , HCl). These stringent criteria have not allowed a wider spread of these otherwise elegant processes.

According to the present invention, the freezing of powdery, granular and particulate materials at low temperatures can be prevented by a composition consisting of 80 to 99.5% by weight. 0.5 parts by weight of mono-, di-, trine or polysaccharide hydrogenolysates; 0 to 18.5 wt. parts of water.

The defined composition is liquid, contains polyhydric alcohols as the main constituent, and is applied to the surface of the materials, for example by spraying, preferably after heating (reducing viscosity and improving dispersion). Consumption ranges from 0.2 to 15 kg per tonne of material to be treated, and the optimum amount depends on the relative surface area of the bulk materials and the moisture content; in the case of powdery and fine-grained materials with a higher water content, the consumption of the preparation will approach the upper limit for coarse-grained materials and in the case of lumps with low moisture the consumption will approach the lower limit. The effect of the preparation is based on the chemical properties of sugar hydrogenolysates, which by virtue of the hydroxyl content show practically unlimited miscibility with water, lower the solidification point of the mixture and, if possible, .

The required hydrogenolysates of saccharides are obtained, for example, from monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose or disaccharides such as sucrose, maltose, lactose or trisaccharides (raffinose) and polysaccharides such as starch, dextrin, cellulose and the like by hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenation; pressures and pressures by any of the known techniques; for ditri- and polysaccharides, hydrogenolysis can prevent the cleavage of polymers either by chemical treatment or by fermentation.

Of the surfactants that facilitate the wetting of the surfaces of the materials to be treated are _; suitable surfactants of the anionic, cationic ionic ion 1, wherein the protected preparation allows the use of technical surfactant mixtures or waste mixtures ^. containing active ingredients. F

In many cases anti-freeze treatments with! For example, the wetting properties of carbohydrate hydrogenolysates can utilize the wetting properties of the C ₄ to C ₆ polyalcohols contained in the hydrogenolysates. Their effect is not so intense but in many cases sufficient, so that special additives of auxiliary surfactants can be dispensed with.

The compositions of the present invention form viscous liquids and their viscosity decreases considerably when heated; Thus, it is preferable to apply them by heating, dispersed dispersed onto the material to be treated, where, by cooling, they form a viscous coating on the solid material surface. Hydrogenolysates show hygroscopic properties and this allows to a certain extent! moisture migration in the treated materials, which improves the antifreeze action. The major advantages of the new formulation are: non-toxic _(it does not cause harmful emissions to the exhalations, practically does not flow and therefore does not smell, it is easily soluble in water and without corrosive effects, it is hardly inflammable, has low freezing point) starting materials such as sucrose, starch, cellulose are available in almost unlimited quantities and are affordable.

It is also economically advantageous that the hydrogenolysates without prior refining may also be suitable for the compositions according to the invention, which may be prepared from crude carbohydrates or from carbohydrate-containing technical mixtures, such as, for example, aqueous sugar extracts or molasses. This leads to further possibilities of economic advantage of the composition obtained according to the invention. The process of mixing the components of the formulation can be easily carried out either in a batch or continuous manner.

The examples below illustrate embodiments of the invention.

Examples.

Example 1

100 g of water were sprayed onto a 1000 g granular brown coal, dried at 150 DEG C. and spread over a 1 cm thick layer, and the treated coal left in a desiccator for 24 hours. 3 ml of sucrose hydrogenolysates are sprayed onto the moistened coal spread over a 1 cm thick layer at 20 ° C and the treated coal sample is mixed and left in a cooling box at -5 ° C for 10 hours together with a sample prepared from 1000 g of coal and 100 g of water without any additives.

While wet coal frozen in the campus mass of considerable cohesion, the sample treated with hydrogenolysates was easily crumbled to loose.

Example 2

98 parts by weight of sucrose hydrogenolysate, containing 2.8 parts by weight of synthesis water and 2 parts by weight of dodecylbenzenesulfonate Na, are mixed in an open stirrer reactor. The mixture was stirred for 1/2 hour at room temperature to obtain 100 parts by weight of the solid-freeze treatment composition.

Claims (2)

SUBJECT 1. A preparation preventing freezing of powdered, granular and lumpy materials at low temperatures, characterized in that it consists of 80 to 99.5 parts by weight of hydrogenolysates of mono-, di-, tri- or Example 3 A trough-type, cross-stirred, flow-through mixing reactor is continuously fed with hydrogenolysate (obtained from starch cleavage products) containing 5% water at a rate of 99 parts by weight/hour and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate at a rate of 1 part by weight/hour; the residence time of the mixture in the reactor is 25 minutes, with a production of 100 parts by weight/hour of a preparation used to prevent compact freezing of solid materials. The following table shows, for illustration purposes, a number of surfactants which can be mixed into the hydrogenolysates according to Example 2 in an amount of two parts by weight instead of 2 parts by weight of dodecylbenzenesulfones. Texisid example 4 example 5 sodium lauryl sulfate sodium alkyl glycol ether sulfate Tld.pi. C„H-,(OCH- ₂ CH ₂ ) ₂ ÓSO ₃ Na Example 6 sodium dodecylthioate Example 7 stearyldimethyl- benzylammonium chloride example 8 N-laurylaminop- sodium ropionate OF THE INVENTION polysaccharides and 1 to 18.5 parts by weight of water. 2. The preparation according to item 1, characterized in that it further contains 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of surfactants.