CS209231B1

CS209231B1 - Fire resistant suspended brick

Info

Publication number: CS209231B1
Application number: CS190579A
Authority: CS
Inventors: Ladislav Kollar; Anton Chromek
Original assignee: Ladislav Kollar; Anton Chromek
Priority date: 1979-03-22
Filing date: 1979-03-22
Publication date: 1981-11-30

Description

Vynález rieši zvýšenie chladenia a tým i zvýšenie životnosti vysokonamáhaných klenieb, alebo horizontálnych uzlov oceliarenských a iných pecí použitím tvaru závěsných žiaruvzdomých tehál, ktorých úkos zvýši odvod tepla.The invention solves the increased cooling and thus the service life of high-stressed vaults, or horizontal knots of steel and other furnaces by using the shape of suspension refractory bricks whose bevel increases heat dissipation.

Dosiaf sa všetky typy klenieb a uvedené uzly zhotovujú zo závěsných tehál tak, aby medzery medzi tehlami boli minimálně. Tehly klenby sú jednostranné tepelne namáhané v spodnej časti, t. j. od pecného priestoru a ich chladenie sa deje len z homej malej plochy tehly, bud samovolným sáláním, obvykle však i umělým chladením ventilátorovým vzduchom. Pri plnej výške tehly, t. j. pri maximálně j hrúbke klenby je však chladiaci účinok malý. Chladenie samovolné, alebo umělé je účinnejŠie až pri menšej hrúbke klenby. Vplyv chladenia na opotrebenie klenby je nesporný, dokazuje to nelineámy priebeh opotrebovania klenby, t. j. s klesajúcou hrúbkou klenby sa opotrebovanie klenby podstatné znižuje.To date, all types of vaults and said nodes are made of suspension bricks so that the gaps between the bricks are minimal. The bricks of the arch are unilaterally thermally stressed in the lower part, i. j. from the furnace space and their cooling is done only from the upper small area of the brick, either by spontaneous radiation, but usually also by artificial cooling by fan air. At full brick height, t. j. however, at a maximum v-thickness, the cooling effect is low. Cooling spontaneously or artificial is more effective only at a smaller vault thickness. The influence of cooling on vault wear is indisputable, as evidenced by the non-linear course of vault wear, i. j. as the thickness of the arch decreases, the wear of the arch decreases substantially.

Uvedené nevýhody odstraňuje žiaruvzdomá závěsná tehla prevažne pre oceliarske pece, opatřená na bočných stěnách jednak styčnou plochou rovinnou, jednak úkosovou plochou a u chladného konca distančným výstupom alebo distančnou vložkou, podlá vynálezu. Podstata vynálezu spočívá v tom, že osový prierez pracovnej plochy a súbežnej plochy na chladnom konci tehly sú rovnaké.The above-mentioned disadvantages are overcome by a refractory pendant brick, predominantly for steel furnaces, provided on the side walls with a planar contact surface and a bevel surface and, at the cold end, with a spacer or spacer according to the invention. The essence of the invention is that the axial cross-section of the working surface and the parallel surface at the cold end of the brick are the same.

Výhodou žiaruvzdomej tehly podlá vynálezu je predovšetkým podstatné zváčšenie chladiacej plochy. Pre zhotovenie klenby oceliarenskej pece sa použijú závěsné tehly s úkosom na jednej, dvoch, troch, alebo štyroch stranách v homej časti tehly. Po žavesení klenby úkosy vytvoria pozdížne, alebo priečne medzery, ktoré zaistia zváčšenie chladiacej plochy a chladenie závěsných tehál do váčšej híbky klenby. Pravidelnost’ medzier zaistí distančný výstupok tehly. Distančný výstupok je bud súčasťou tehly, připadne je vložený ako distančná vložka až pri zostavovaní závěsných tehál do klenby.The advantage of the refractory brick according to the invention is in particular a substantial increase in the cooling surface. Hanging bricks with a bevel on one, two, three or four sides in the upper part of the brick are used to make the steel furnace vault. When the vault is heated, the bevels create longitudinal or transverse gaps to ensure that the cooling surface is enlarged and the suspension bricks are cooled to a greater depth of the vault. The spacing of the brick ensures the regularity of the gaps. The spacer is either part of the brick, or is inserted as a spacer only when the suspension bricks are assembled into the arch.

Intenzita chladenia a hlbka prechladenia klenby v súlade s přípustnou stratou tepla sáláním sa optimalizuje uhlom úkosu, híbkou úkosu a použitím alternativ jednostranného, dvojstranného, trojstranného, alebo štvorstranného úkosu závesnej tehly. Klenba s medzerami jetiež odolná proti miestnemu narastaniu, t. j. vzniku vypuklin, bombirovaniu klenby. Použitím klenby zo závěsných tehál podlá vynálezu sa predíži životnost’ klenby, alebo pri normálnej životnosti sa zníži potřebná dížka závěsných tehál.Cooling intensity and depth of cooling of the vault in accordance with the allowable heat loss by radiation is optimized by the bevel angle, bevel depth and the use of alternatives of one, two, three or four sides bevel of the suspension brick. The vault with gaps is also resistant to local growth, i. j. formation of bulges, bombirovaniu vault. The use of the suspension bricks of the invention will extend the service life of the bricks or reduce the required length of the suspension bricks at normal service life.

Na priloženom výkrese sú znázorněné rózne druhy závěsných tehál a časť klenby zostavenej podlá vynálezu.The attached drawing shows various types of suspension bricks and a part of a vault constructed according to the invention.

Na obr. 1 je celkový pohlad na závesnú tehlu s úkosom na jednej bočnej stene a na obr. 2 tá istá tehla v pódorysnom řeze. Na obr. 3 závěsná tehla s úkosom na dvoch protiležiaách bočných stěnách a na obr. 4 tá istá tehla v pódorysnom řeze. Na obr. 5 je celkový pohlad na závesnú tehlu s úkosmi na troch bočných stěnách tehly a na obr. 6 půdorysný rez touto tehlou. Na obr. 7 je tehla s úkosom na všetkých štyroch bočných stěnách a na obr. 8 půdorysný rez touto tehlou. Na obr. 9 je znázorněná časť řezu klenby zostavenej zo závěsných tehál pódia' obr. 1, t. j. s úkosom na jednej bočnej stene.In FIG. 1 is an overall view of a tapered brick on one side wall; and FIG. 2 shows the same brick in plan view. In FIG. 3 shows a tapered brick on two opposing side walls and FIG. 4 shows the same brick in plan view. In FIG. 5 is an overall view of a pendant brick with bevels on the three side walls of the brick; and FIG. 6 is a plan view through this brick. In FIG. 7 is a tapered brick on all four side walls; and FIG. 8 shows a plan view through this brick. In FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a vault made of suspension bricks of the stage of FIG. 1, t. j. with a bevel on one side wall.

Žiaruvzdomá závěsná tehla podlá vynálezu pozostáva z pracovnej plochy 1, ktorá je vystavená žiaru pece a na opačnom chladnom konci súbežnou plochou 2. Bočné steny 3 sú rovinné. Minimálně jedna bočná stená 3 je opatřená u pracovného konca závesnej tehly nielen styčnou rovinnou plochou 4, ale i úkosovou plochou 5 přikloněnou k pozdížnej ose tehly smerom ku chladnému konců a v mieste najváčšieho úkosu je na úkosovej ploché vytvořený distančný výstupok 6. Tento výstupok může byť tiež vložený až pri budovaní klenby a úkosová plocha 5 je v tomto prípadeplynulá, t. j. nepřerušená. Půdorysné obrázky ukazujú, že najvačšie rozměry súbežnej plochy 2 v dvoch na seba kolmých smeroch rovnoběžných s bočnými stěnami 3, alebo ohraničených distančnými výstupkami 6 sú rovnaké ako rozměry pracovnej plochy 1, t. j. šířka a dížka tejto plochy. Na chladnom konci závesnej tehly je umiestnený závěsný element 7.The refractory suspension brick according to the invention consists of a working surface 1 which is exposed to the furnace heat and at the opposite cold end a parallel surface 2. The side walls 3 are planar. At least one side wall 3 is provided at the working end of the pendant brick not only with a flat plane 4 but also with a bevel surface 5 inclined to the longitudinal axis of the brick towards the cold ends. inserted in the construction of the vault and the bevel surface 5 in this case is continuous, i. j. uninterrupted. The plan drawings show that the largest dimensions of the parallel surface 2 in two perpendicular directions parallel to the side walls 3 or bounded by the spacers 6 are the same as the dimensions of the working surface 1, t. j. width and length of this area. A suspension element 7 is located at the cold end of the suspension brick.

Po žostavení tehál s jednostranným úkosom, obr. 1 a 2, sa v klenbe vytvoria medzery po dvoch radoch zavěšených tehál a chladenie každej tehly je z jednej strany. U tehál s úkosovou plochou naAfter erecting bricks with a one-sided bevel, fig. 1 and 2, gaps are formed in the vault of two rows of suspended bricks and cooling of each brick is from one side. For bricks with a bevel on

Claims

SUBJECT

Heat-resistant pendant brick, especially for steel furnaces, provided on the side walls with a flat contact surface and a bevel surface on the side and a spacer at the cold end

9 shows two opposing side walls, FIG. 3 and 4, gaps are formed in the vault after each row of bricks, and the cooling of each pendant is from two sides. Bricks with a bevel on the three side walls, fig.

5 and 6, in the form of gaps in each second row and transversely in each row, each suspension brick is cooled from three sides. In the case of a pendant brick with a bevel of all four side walls, FIG.

7 and 8, the joints form transverse and longitudinally around each body.

With the bricks according to the invention it is possible to make the vaults of steel furnaces and others horizontally. heat-stressed furnace nodes. By means of the hinged element 7, the bricks are hung on a construction furnace, FIG. 9, so that the interface 4 tightly closes the furnace space and the spacers

6 created regular and continuous gaps between individual rows of suspension bricks. The tightness of the joint bricks in the styrofoam 4 can be increased by the use of asbestos and other sealing materials. After the suspension bricks are worn, the gaps of the bricks are closed by automatically scaling and thus increasing the volume of the sheet metal. For non-plated suspension bricks, a sheet metal insert is inserted into the gap. The gaps can also be closed by intermittent spraying of fine-refractory refractory material into the gaps.

Cooling efficiency can be increased by local or central cooling, which is particularly effective in this type of vault. However, care should be taken to permanently close the gaps in contact of suspension bricks.

The invention can be used for steel furnaces as well as for heat-stressed horizontal nodes of other furnaces. Changing the monolithic vault to a gaped vault - more effectively cooled, reduces the need for artificial vault cooling and thus energy savings.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A projection or spacers, characterized in that the axial cross-section of the working surface (1) and the parallel surface (2) at the cold end of the brick are the same.