CS200358B1 - Method of determination of chemical element content in the atmosphere - Google Patents

Description

(54) Spdaob determination of the content of chemical elements in the atmosphere

The invention aa relates to apdaob and the determination of the circulation of chemical elements in the atmosphere by reductuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis.

X-ray fluorescence analysis allows non-destructive analysis of the analyte without disturbing the sample directly on the filters of the suction device after washing a defined volume of air, compared to other analytical methods. The sample can still be used to test other components, reap. postponed for any possible inspection. Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis uses radionuclide as a source of radiation. Its advantage over the X-ray tube used as a source lies in its substantially smaller size, great stability, independence from external influences, and the fact that it does not require complex electronic equipment for powering and stabilization.

Because of the need for the high resolution of the detector needed to aeparate the lines of the determined component of the remaining lines of the specimen fluorescence spectrum, it was necessary to use semiconductor detectors, effectively only in conjunction with a multi-channel analyzer. Such devices are very expensive, technically demanding to operate, and in terms of volume and weight are unusable for portable devices.

These drawbacks are eliminated by the method of determining the circulation of chemical elements in the atmosphere after the air has been pumped through the sampling filter of the suction device,

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The collected impurities are subjected to a non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis directly on the filter, whereby aeparation and measurement of the analytical fluorescence lines of the assayed component are performed with a tip filter and an acintillation detector. In this case, a single-channel analyzer may be used instead of a multi-channel analyzer. The acintillation detector without a spike filter alone does not have the required resolution for the desired purposes. Using the tip Mitra aa, they eliminate the disturbing effects of aa when measuring the x-ray fluorescence radiation to be determined.

The method according to the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the cost of measurement because of the significant price difference between a semiconductor and acintillation detector and between a multi-channel and a single-channel analyzer. Another advantage is the lower technical demands on operation and the possibility of field measurements, as the device can be used as portable.

A particular example of an apobase coated in the invention is the determination of lead as a waste product of internal combustion engine fuel in a meat atmosphere. In contrast to other chemical-analytical methods, this method allows direct determination of lead on the collection traps of the pick-up device without isolation of the samples from the Mltrs and without their violet treatment for malza, such as e.g. for atomic abaorption spectrometry and other methods.

However, the clamp on the membrane Mltri contains not only lead, but also other elements and solid impurities found in and in the atmosphere. In terms of possible interference! in the area of L-Muoreactive lead radiation (which the acintillation detector is not able to differentiate), it is necessary to verify the presence of those elements in the sample that would be a characteristic reep. they could negatively affect the analytical information on the lead content by fluorescence radiation.

In the monitored energy area, the result of the determination is negatively influenced mainly by the presence of bromine, it adds aa to the gasoline as ethylene bromide and thus reaches the automotive aplodines and thus into the atmosphere. When using an acintillation detector that does not distinguish individual energy lines from the characteristic bromine radiation and the L-Muoreacent lead radiation, the analytical signal is rendered. This negative factor obstructs the use of a spike filter and germinic circulation. The linear curve of the analysis curve allows the use of one Standard. The lead content aa calculates the fluorescence or irradiation counts of standards and samples from the measured value.

The method of radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis allows the non-destructive determination of lead directly on the harvesting trays. Other physical and analytical methods used in the past required complex sample preparation for analysis, making it impossible to use them for a comprehensive assessment of qualitative and quantitative air quality indicators. Long term - 24 hours and more - sampling did not allow the monitoring of changes in lead circulation in direct dependence on the frequency of traffic from day to day, but provided only average information. These deficiencies were eliminated by the developed method of radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis for the determination of lead circulation in air. The method of the invention encompassed by the invention is also suitable for determining other airborne elements such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury and others.

Claims (1)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION A method of determining the circulation of airborne chemical elements after air is passed through an intake filter of a pick-up device, characterized in that the entrapped impurities aa are directly subjected to non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis,