CS199765B1 - Electrolyte for preparing aluminium by electrolysis of aluminium chloride - Google Patents
Electrolyte for preparing aluminium by electrolysis of aluminium chloride Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS199765B1 CS199765B1 CS179977A CS179977A CS199765B1 CS 199765 B1 CS199765 B1 CS 199765B1 CS 179977 A CS179977 A CS 179977A CS 179977 A CS179977 A CS 179977A CS 199765 B1 CS199765 B1 CS 199765B1
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- chloride
- electrolysis
- aluminum
- aluminium
- Prior art date
Links
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
(54) Elektrolyt aa přípravu hlinika elektrolýaea chloridu hllnitéha(54) Electrolyte and the preparation of aluminum electrolysis and lithium chloride electrolysis
Tynález rieái elektrolyt na přípravu hliníka elektrolýzou chloridu hlinitého.The present invention provides an electrolyte for the preparation of aluminum by electrolysis of aluminum chloride.
Technicky rozpracovaný je sposob výroby hliníka elektrolýzou chloridu hlinitého z taveniny chloridu lltuého, chloridu sodného, chloridu hlinitého. Tavenina obsahuje chlorid litný v množství 40 hmotnostných %, čo nielen zvyšuje oenu elektrolytu, ale kladie aj vyaoké nároky na čistotu použitých soli, najma pokial'ide o obsah vady a hydroxidov. Použitie taveniny na báze chloridu sodného a draselného, ktorá je podstatné ekonomicky výhodnějším, uarážalo na potiaže, nakoíko sa pri elektrolýze vylučoval aj draslík, ktorý reagoval s grafitovými elektrodami a rozrušoval ich. Okrem toho při elektrolýze tejto taveniny aa dosahovala nižšia prúdová účinnosť ako u vyššie oitováného procesu.Technically elaborated is the method of aluminum production by electrolysis of aluminum chloride from the melt of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, aluminum chloride. The melt contains 40% by weight of lithium chloride, which not only increases the electrolyte oen, but also places high demands on the purity of the salts used, especially as far as the content of defects and hydroxides is concerned. The use of a sodium and potassium chloride melt, which is substantially more economically advantageous, has faced difficulties as potassium, which reacted with the graphite electrodes and disrupted them, also precipitated during electrolysis. In addition, the electrolysis of this melt aa achieved a lower current efficiency than in the above-described process.
Uredeaé nevýhody odstraňuje elektrolyt na pripravu hliníka elektrolýzou chloridu hlinitého a obaahom 2 až 80 hmotnostných % chloridu hlinitého a 20 až 98 hmotnostných % základního elektrolytu ekvlmolárnej zo zmesi chloridu sodného a chloridu draselného kterého podstata spočívá v tom, že základný elektrolyt obsahuje 1 až 5 hmotnostných % fluoridu vépenátého.The aforementioned drawbacks eliminate the electrolyte for the preparation of aluminum by electrolysis of aluminum chloride and containing 2 to 80% by weight of aluminum chloride and 20 to 98% by weight of the base electrolyte equimolar from a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride which is characterized in that the base electrolyte contains 1 to 5% Calcium fluoride.
Základný elektrolyt představuje teda přibližně ekvimolárnu zmes chloridu sodného a chloridu draselného, ku ktcxrej sa přidává 1 až 5 hmotnostných % fluoridu vápenatého.Thus, the base electrolyte is an approximately equimolar mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride to which 1 to 5% by weight of calcium fluoride is added.
tomto elektrolyte aa roapuSťa elektroaktívna látka, ohlorid hlinitý, v množstve 2 až 80of this electrolyte and of the electroactive substance, aluminum chloride, in an amount of 2 to 80
199 769199 769
199 7BS hmotnostných %. Fluorid vápenatý tvoří komplexně anióny a ojqrohlorldml, ktoré bez jeho přítomnosti pokrývájú hliníková katodu· Ciastočne ju tak izolujú a v důsledku toho je skutočná prúdová hustota na neizolovanýcbů miestach podstatné vyššia ako zdánlivá prúdová hustota počítaná na celú plochu hlinikovej katody. Draslík sa moče vylučovat v tejto tavenine len pri ektrémne vysokých hustotách prúdu a přísada fluoridu vápenatého do elektrolytu zabraňuje prúdu a přísada fluoridu vápenatého do elektrolytu zabraňuje jeho vylučovaniu. Tým sa dosahuje aj vysoká prúdová účinnost procesu, až 99,5 %»199 7BS% by weight. Calcium fluoride is complex to form anions and oxychloride, which, in the absence of its presence, cover the aluminum cathode. This partially insulates it and, as a result, the actual current density at uninsulated locations is substantially higher than the apparent current density calculated over the entire aluminum cathode area. Potassium is excreted in the melt only at electrically high current densities and the addition of calcium fluoride to the electrolyte prevents the current, and the addition of calcium fluoride to the electrolyte prevents its precipitation. This also achieves high process efficiency, up to 99.5% »
Elektrolytické vylučovanle hlinika z chloridových tavenin umožňuje v porovnaní a doteraz používaným sposobom výroby hlinika elektrolýzou kryolitovýoh tavenin úsporu elektriokej energie asi o JO %. Doteraz bolo rozpracované pre chloridová elektrolýzu len použitie elektrolytu obsahujúceho chlorid litný. Vynález umožňuje nahradit tento elektrolyt elektrolytom ekonomicky výhodnějším. Navrhovaný elektrolyt kladie tiež menšie nároky na čistotu elektrolytu, najma pokial ide o obsah oxyzlúčenin. Pri elektrolýze sa dosahuje vysoká prúdová účinnost až 99,5 %, pričom modzielektródová vzdialenost je len 1,5 až 2,5 om, čo má priaznivý vplyv na energetická účinnost oelého prooesu.Electrolytic precipitated aluminum from chloride melts allows the electrolysis energy to be saved by about 10% compared to the previously used method of aluminum production by electrolysis of cryolite melts. So far, only electrolytes containing lithium chloride have been developed for chloride electrolysis. The invention makes it possible to replace this electrolyte with a more economically advantageous electrolyte. The proposed electrolyte also imposes less demands on the purity of the electrolyte, especially as regards the content of oxy compounds. Electrolysis achieves a high current efficiency of up to 99.5%, while the modielectrode distance is only 1.5 to 2.5 µm, which has a beneficial effect on the energy efficiency of the hard process.
Přiklad 1Example 1
Pri použití elektrolytu obsahujúceho 45 hmotnostnýoh % chloridu draselného, 35 hmotnost nýoh % chloridu sodného, 5 hmotnostnýoh % fluoridu vápenátého a 15 hmotnostných % chloridu hlinitého pri teplote 700 °C, medzielektródovej vzdialenosti 2 cm a hustotě prúdu Ι.ΙΟ2* A o-2 sa dosiahla prúdová účinnost 96 %»When using an electrolyte containing 45% by weight of potassium chloride, 35% by weight of sodium chloride, 5% by weight of calcium fluoride and 15% by weight of aluminum chloride at 700 ° C, an inter-electrode distance of 2 cm and a current density Ι.Ι2* And o-2 achieves current efficiency of 96% »
Příklad 2Example 2
Pri použiti elektrolytu obsahujúceho 45 hmotnostnýoh % chloridu draselného, 35 hmotnostných % chloridu sodného, 1 hmotnostně % fluoridu vápenatého a 19 hmotnostnýoh % chloridu hlinitého pri teplote 700 °C, medzielektródovej vzdialenosti 2 cm a hustoto prúdu 1 · IO* A.m“2 sa dosiahla prúdová účinnosfi 85 %.With an electrolyte containing 45 hmotnostnýoh% potassium chloride, 35 wt% sodium chloride, 1% by weight of calcium fluoride and 19 hmotnostnýoh% aluminum chloride at a temperature of 700 ° C, an inter-electrode distance of 2 cm and a current density of 1 · IO * Am "2 to reach a current 85% efficiency.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS179977A CS199765B1 (en) | 1977-03-18 | 1977-03-18 | Electrolyte for preparing aluminium by electrolysis of aluminium chloride |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS179977A CS199765B1 (en) | 1977-03-18 | 1977-03-18 | Electrolyte for preparing aluminium by electrolysis of aluminium chloride |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS199765B1 true CS199765B1 (en) | 1980-08-29 |
Family
ID=5353272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS179977A CS199765B1 (en) | 1977-03-18 | 1977-03-18 | Electrolyte for preparing aluminium by electrolysis of aluminium chloride |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CS (1) | CS199765B1 (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-03-18 CS CS179977A patent/CS199765B1/en unknown
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| RU2253703C2 (en) | Electrochemical method of production of alkali metal from aqueous solution | |
| US4122245A (en) | AlCl3 /1-alkyl pyridinium chloride room temperature electrolytes | |
| Haupin | Electrochemistry of the Hall-Heroult process for aluminum smelting | |
| SE8603981D0 (en) | ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL | |
| DE3160478D1 (en) | Cathode for molten-salt electrolysis cell | |
| US4650553A (en) | Electrolytic recovery of lead from scrap | |
| KR20170028424A (en) | Producing lithium | |
| US4919771A (en) | Process for producing aluminum by molten salt electrolysis | |
| GB2072932A (en) | Zinc halogen battery electrolyte composition with bismuth additive | |
| JPS55107792A (en) | Electrode having mixed metal oxide catalyst | |
| AU659247B2 (en) | Cell for the electrolysis of alumina preferably at low temperatures | |
| US4225401A (en) | Method for generating hydrogen and oxygen | |
| CS199765B1 (en) | Electrolyte for preparing aluminium by electrolysis of aluminium chloride | |
| JPS5443811A (en) | Production of metallic lithium | |
| EP0235444A3 (en) | Metal halogen electrochemical cell | |
| Rao | Electrolytic production of magnesium: effect of current density | |
| DE3664845D1 (en) | Process for the stabilization of primary electrochemical generators with reactive zinc, aluminium or magnesium anodes, stabilized anode obtained by this process and generator containing such an anode | |
| ES8104440A1 (en) | Electrodeposition of Aluminium Using Molten Electrolyte | |
| Dartnell et al. | Electrochemistry of niobium in fused halides | |
| Minh et al. | The electrolysis of Al2S3 in AlCl3-MgCl2-NaCl-KCl melts | |
| CA1199679A (en) | High energy ambient temperature inorganic electrochemical power cell | |
| Grjotheim et al. | Influence of NaCl and LiF on the aluminium Electrolyte | |
| SU1397543A1 (en) | Method and electrolyzer for producing aluminium | |
| SU1433081A1 (en) | Method of electrolytic production of titanium and other metals | |
| GB1168762A (en) | Improvements in or relating to Electrolytic Reduction Cells. |