CS199091B1 - Process for preparing liquid fertilizers - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a process for the production of liquid fertilizer.

At present, practically three humus concentrates, namely sodium, potassium and ammonium, are used to enrich the soil with humus substances and thus increase the yields of agricultural crops. reagents.

The humus concentrates are produced in solid and liquid form and are applied to the soil mainly by spraying in dilute aqueous solutions.

Application of humus concentrates enriched with trace elements is known. Without sufficient dilution, however, it is not possible to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly incorporated into the soil.

Liquid fertilizers, which are important carrier media for the incorporation of trace elements, are not applied together because the mixing of inorganic salts of trace elements and by-nutrients (Ou, Mn, Mg, Po, Zn) with liquid NP and NPK fertilizers based on ammonium orthophosphates insoluble and agrochemically poorly active phosphates.

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199 091

Therefore, the application of trace elements with liquid fertilizer is predominantly in the ohlate form, which is, however, costly.

The problem of simultaneous application of trace elements, humus concentrate and liquid fertilizers is solved by the method according to the invention. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the production of liquid fertilizers, characterized in that the liquid alkali humate concentrates having a dry matter content of 2 to 60% by weight. is mixed with one or more of Pe, Mg, Zn, Mo, B, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr in the form of solid water-soluble salts and / or boric acid and / or aqueous solutions in an amount of 0.1 to 0 , 75 kg of element (s) based on 1 kg of humate concentrate dry matter and this dispersion of by-nutrients and / or trace elements in colloidal humate solution is mixed with liquid single- or multi-component fertilizer přičemž, NP or NPK fertilizer, The NP, NPK of the nutrients is 0.1 to 1.5: 18 to 45.

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Liquid humus concentrates, which are hydrophilic colloidal solutions and under certain conditions also molecular solutions, form homogeneous and stable with inorganic salts of trace elements and by-nutrients such as Pe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Mo, Zn, B, Mg dispersions, miscible with liquid N, NP and NPK fertilizers based on ortho and ammonium polyphosphates. A further advantage of the properties of liquid humus concentrates is that, when mixed with trace elements, salt complexes are formed which act as cation and electron exchangers in soil biological processes. These properties make it possible to enrich the humus concentrates with trace elements in quantities that are in accordance with the needs of the plants and to add them to liquid fertilizers for both fertilization and stock fertilization.

The process for preparing a complex liquid fertilizer according to the invention containing a humate component and trace elements replaces trace element concentrate halolates, since they are in the form of organometallic complexes having the same properties as the olate complexes.

Inorganic trace elements in sulfate, nitrate and chloride form can be used to prepare trace element dispersions in liquid humate. The trace element dispersions in colloidal humate solutions can be mixed with basic ammonium nitrate and urea (28-0-0, 28,3-0-0, 30-0-0, 32-0-0) basic and mixed solutions. NP and NPK solutions based on ortho and ammonium polyphosphates (7-21-0, 8-24-0, 13,5-13,5-0, 14-14-0, 10-34-0, 11-37-0 , 6, 5-6,5-9,2, 8-8-8) in compliance with the principle that with the prescribed doses of microelements and N, NP and NPK nutrients the optimal dose of humic dry matter should be applied in the amount of 0.8-10 kg of dry matter per hectare, depending on the level of NPK fertilization.

Within the stated concentration limits the trace element dispersions in humate concentrates and in liquid fertilizers are of low viscosity and do not cause operational difficulties in their preparation and handling. Trace elements in sulphate form are particularly suitable sources

199 me and boron in boric acid. Inorganic salts of trace elements in sulphate form are a source of sulfur and do not interact between the humus component and trace element cations and help to neutralize alkaline reacting extracts of liquid humates (pH = 9.8-13.1) to neutral trace element dispersions in humates and NP , N and NPK liquid fertilizers (pH »6.2 to 7.1).

The complex liquid fertilizer produced by the process according to the invention can be supplemented with pesticides containing active substances: triallate, pyrazone and terbutryn such as: Avadex, Burex, Igran, Pyramine, Topogart etc. in cases where the pesticide application coincides with the liquid fertilizer application.

Complex liquid fertilizers can be applied as foliar fertilizers after dilution with water to foliar concentration (0.2-0.9% by volume of N, NP and NPK nutrients).

The invention is further illustrated and exemplified but not exhaustive of all possible ways of using humate solutions to prepare stable dispersions of trace elements in liquid N, NP and NPK fertilizers.

Examples

Example 1

A potassium humate solution was prepared in a stirred vessel by extracting 3.39 kg of oxyhumulite in KOH solution, prepared by dissolving 1.08 kg of technical KOH in 26.93 kg of water for 2 hours at 22 ° C. From the reaction mixture, 30.36 kg of a potassium humate solution containing 7.41 wt. % dry matter of the humate component. 3.29 kg of MhSO 4 .SHgO was dissolved and dispersed in 30.36 kg of potassium humate solution with stirring. A homogeneous dispersion of 6.68 wt. % dry matter of the humate component and 2.23 wt. % Mn at a rate of 33.65 kg (density 1091 kgm ^ / 20 ° C, viscosity 4.10 · · 10 Pa · s / 20 ° C) was fed into the container of the applicator. Here, 450 kg of a 28.3-0-0 basic nitrogen solution (28.3% by weight of N containing 39.1% by weight of NH4NO3, 31.3% by weight of COINHgJg) were mixed with a charge under stirring with a re-circulation pump. , 29.6 wt% HgO). The stirring time was 5 minutes. The resulting homogeneous dispersion of Mn in the N-base solution of 26.33 wt. % N, 0.465 wt. % humic solids and 0.155 wt. % Mn exhibited the following physicochemical properties: density = 1261 kgm < 3 > and viscosity > 3.10 < -1 > Pa.s, all at 20 [deg.] C.

kg of dry matter of potassium humate introduces into the dispersion complex in the basic π solution 28.3-0-0 0.333 kg Mn.

The percentage by weight of dry matter of the humate component to the manganese content and the nitrogen content is given by the ratio 0.502: 0.155: 26.3.

Example 2

1.97 kg of FeSO 4 .THgO was dissolved and homogeneously dispersed in 10 liter (11.03 kg) of potassium humate having a dry matter content of 16.6 wt. %. A homogeneous dispersion of 3.044 wt. % Pe and 14.04 wt. The dry matter% of the humate component had the following physicochemical properties: pH - 5.7, viscosity - 919.10 ^-3 Pa.s, density »1170 kgm ³ . The dispersion was metered in an amount of 13.00 kg into the dispenser of the application machine, where it was mixed with a 500 kg base of ammonium polyphosphate 10-34-0 base solution for 10 minutes while being re-circulated by the pump. Homogeneous dispersion of Pe in a base NP solution of 9.75 wt. % N, 33.14 wt. % ^P 2 ° 5 ° 36 wt. % dry matter of the humate component and 0.077 wt. % Pe exhibited the following physicochemical properties: density > 1354 kgm &^lt; ^{3 &gt};, viscosity -18.2.10 ^-3 Pa.s, pH-5.7 all at 20 [deg.] C.

kg of potassium humate solids add 0.216 kg of Pe to the dispersion complex.

Percentage mass ratio of humic component dry matter to iron content and nutrient content (N + ^P 2 ° 5 ^ ·) 'ratios 0,36: 0,077: 42,9 ·

Example 3

Inorganic salts of trace elements in amounts of 1.54 kg Na 2 SO 4 .O 2 OH 6 O, 0.69 kg O 2 SO 4. 5HgO, 5.05 kg MnSO ₄ .5H ₂ O, 1.72 kg ZnSO 4 HgO was stirred at 15-25 ° C with stirring. homogeneously dispersed in 100 l (101.2 kg) of potassium humate (dry matter content 2.46 wt.%) to a homogeneous permanent dispersion of 2.26 wt. 0.159 wt.

% B, 0.159 wt. % Cu, 1.042 wt. % Un, 0.569 wt. % Zn (viscosity 35.10 ^"3 Pa.s at 20 ®C) The dispersion in the amount of 110.2 kg mixed with 1333 kg of basic nitrogenous solution of 30-0-0 (30 wt.% N composition 32.7 wt.% C0 / NH _2/2, 42.2 wt. <f> HN ₄ N0 _3, and 25.1 wt.% of H₂O for 10 minutes in the application machine 1443.3 kg homogeneous sol mikroelomentů in nitrogenous solution. This solution of % N, 0.172 wt.

0.012 wt. H, 0.012 wt. % Cu, 0.0796 wt. % Mn and 0.043 wt. % Zn had a pH of 6.6 at 20 ° C.

kg of potassium humate dry matter brings 0.832 kg of trace elements (0.070 kg B, 0.049 kg Cu, 0.461 kg Mn, 0.252 kg Zn) to the colloidal complex in a 30-0-0 nitrogen solution.

The proeentiocyte mass ratio of the humic component dry matter to the sum of the trace element set and the nitrogen content is given by the ratios: 0.172 and 0.147: 25.86.

Example 4

Borltá anorganioké acid and salt components in amounts stopovýoh: H ^ 0.443 kg 0.305 kg BOP OuSO ^ HgO 2,242 kg MnSO ^ SHgO and 0.761 kg ZnS0 ₄ «H ₂ 0, was míohání dissolved at 15-25 ° C 44.26 kg of water. This solution was mixed in an amount of 48.01 kg

199 991 under stirring with 25 kg (24 l) of potassium humate solution (density - 1042 kgm ^) and viscosity 2,1.10 * 3 pa.a pH »11,0 all at 20 ° C, dry matter content of humate component 7,41% by weight %) to a homogeneous dispersion of 2.54 wt. % dry matter 0.106 wt. % B, 0.106 wt. % Cu,

0.70 wt. % Mn and 0.38 wt. % Zn. This dispersion was dispensed in a quantity of 73.01 kg into the reservoir of the application machine, where it was mixed with 456.7 kg of a 30-0-0 (30 wt.%) Basic nitrogen solution for 5 to 10 minutes with stirring through a recirculation circuit with a piston or centrifugal pump. % N having a composition of 32.7 wt% CO 2 NH 3, 42.2 wt% UH 2 NO 2 and 25.1 wt% H ₂ O for a homogeneous dispersion of trace elements in a nitrogen solution of 529.71 kg. having a composition of 25.86 wt% N, 0.35 wt% dry weight of the humate component, 0146 wt% B, 0.0146 wt% Cu, 0.096 wt% Mn and 0.052 wt% Zn exhibited the following physicochemical properties pH »6.2, density 1265 kgm @ -1, viscosity = 2.8.10 @ -1 Pa.s all at 20 ° C.

kg of potassium humate dry matter introduces to the dispersion complex 0.509 kg of trace elements (0.042 kg B, 0.042 kg Cu, 0.276 kg Mn, 0.149 kg Zn.)

The percentage weight ratio of humic dry matter to the sum of trace elements and nitrogen content is given by the ratio! 0.35 t 0.177: 25.86.

Example 5

Boric acid and inorganic salts of trace elements in amounts: 2.165 Mg H 2 BO 3, 3.324 kg MnSO 4 .SHgO, 1.248 kg ZnSO 4 .HgO, 0.358 kg CuSO 4 .5H ₂ O were dispersed with stirring at 15-25 ° C. in 22.905 kg of potassium humate with a dry matter content of 16.6 wt. % to a homogeneous dispersion of 12.67 wt. % of the humic component dry matter, 1.26 wt. % B,

2,525 wt. % Mn, 1.515 wt. % Zn and 0.303 wt. % Cu. This viscous dispersion had the following physicochemical properties: pH and 6.2, viscosity = 700.10 &lt; -5 &gt; - ⁵ Pa.s, density 1316 kg / m &lt; 2 &gt; at 20 [deg.] C. The dispersion was dispensed in an amount of 30 kg into an application machine, where it was mixed and homogenized with a 250 kg NPK liquid fertilizer 6.5-6.5-9.2 based on ammonium phosphate. The resulting dispersion of trace elements in NPK liquid fertilizer in the amount of 280 kg with a composition of 5.8 wt. % N, 5.8 wt. % ^F 2 ° 5 ^{and 8.21 hfflot} · # ^K 2 ° '1.36 wt. % humic component dry matter, 0.27 wt. % Mn, 0.135 wt. % B, 0.032 wt. % Cu and 0.162 wt. % Zn had the following physically-ohmic properties: pH and 5.9, density &gt; 1.288 kg / m &lt; -1 &gt;

kg of potassium humate solids dispersed in NPK solution of 6.5-6.5-9.2 0.442 kg of trace elements 0.099 Mg B, 0.199 Mg Mn, 0.120 Mg Zn and 0.024 Mg Cu.

The pro-ion mass ratio of the humic component M of the sum of the above trace elements and the nutrient content (N + PgO 4 + KgO) is given by the ratios: 1.36: 0.60: 19.81.

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Example 6

Boric acid and inorganic salts of microelements in quantities: 0,476 kg H3BO3,

2,410 kg MnSO ^ .SHgO, 0.816 kg ZnSO ^ .HgO, 0.328 kg CuS0 ^ .5H ₂ 0 with stirring at 15 to 25 ° C was dispersed in 35.97 kg of potassium humate a solids content of 16.6 wt. % to a homogeneous dispersion of 14.93 wt. % humic component dry matter, 1.37 wt. % Mn,

0.208 wt. % B, 0.743 wt. % Zn and 0.208 wt. % Cu.

The trace element dispersion exhibited the following physicochemical properties: viscosity 840.10 ^-3 Pa.s, density · 1165 kg / m ³ , pH = 6.0.

The viscous dispersion of the microelements in potassium humate was dosed at 40 kg into the container of the application machine, where it was mixed and homogenized with a template of 204 kg of NPK liquid fertilizer 8-8-8 based on ammonium polyphosphates. The resulting dispersion of trace elements in NPK liquid fertilizer 8-8-8 in the amount of 244 kg and composition: 6.69 wt. % N, 6.69 wt. % P ₂ O ₅ , 6.69 wt. % KgO, 2.45 wt. 0.225 wt. % Mn, 0.034 wt. % B, 0.122 wt. % Zn, 0.034 wt. % Cu had the following physicochemical properties: pH 6.1, density = 1.201 kg / m ³ , viscosity = 2.9.10 ^-3 Pa.s at 20 ° C kg of potassium humate dry matter introduced 0.413 kg of trace elements (0.224 kg) into the dispersion complex kg Mn, 0.034 kg B, 0.121 kg Zn, 0.034 kg Cu).

The pro-thentocyte mass ratio of the humic component dry matter to the sum of the set of trace elements mentioned above and to the nutrient content (N + PgO4 + KgO) is given by the ratios: 2.45: 0.415: 20.07.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Process for producing a liquid fertilizer, characterized in that the liquid alkali humate concentrates having a dry matter content of 2 to 60% by weight. is mixed with one or more of Fe, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, Mo, B, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr in the form of solid water-soluble salts and / or boric acid and / or aqueous solutions in an amount of 0.1 up to 0.75 kg of element (s) based on 1 kg of humate concentrate dry matter and this dispersion of minor nutrients and / or trace elements in colloidal humate solution is mixed with liquid one- or multi-component N, NP or NPK fertilizers, N content NT, NPK of nutrients is 0.1 to 1.5: 18 to 45.