CS198650B1 - Process for the recultivation of sludge beds - Google Patents

Description

Until now, reclamation of sludge and drained waste has been carried out, so that after the end of operation of the sludge pond a continuous layer of humus was attached to its entire area, which was then planted with grass and forest stands. This method was very expensive. To reduce costs, later planting of shrubs was introduced, which were topped with topsoil and the spaces between the grooves were enriched with humus from decaying rotting leaves over time. The disadvantage of both of these methods is not only the high cost, but also the fact that in the case of acidic subsoil, eg in the case of pyrite content in the settled waste, the capillaries of the plant roots gradually die and need to be replanted. A further disadvantage is that, when the sludge bed is dried, the fine fractions of the deposited waste are entrained by the wind, thereby polluting the environment.

The above drawbacks are overcome by the method of the invention, which still uses the sludge mud removal device to produce an alkaline to neutral subsoil, by adding alkaline sludge to the waste mash, eg tablecloths from the production of marble tiles, tiles, etc., obtained later humus, eg from settled pond sludge and, in the last phase, also peat proportions with artificial fertilizers, grass seeds and tree seeds. The deposition of these components together with the mash produces a nutrient-enriched nutrient layer, separated from the acidic substrate by an alkaline layer. The top layer-humus contains seeds of grasses and woody plants, the growth of which has been created in such satisfactory conditions.

198 650

Neutralizing effect of alkaline layers was verified by vegetation experiments in vessels and on test areas of the tailings pond _: on acidic subsoil and importance of its separation by alluvial alkaline waste sludge from vegetation layers. Vegetation layers are: layer of alluvial waste mash with alkaline sewage sludge and humus, artificial fertilizer and humus with grass and tree seeds. In all cases of vegetation experiments carried out according to the method of the invention, the planted plants were predominantly taken up and maintained even after the end of the vegetation period. A comparative experiment, where the seeds were planted directly in the acidic waste mash, showed that even after the vegetation period the individually taken plants died. The results of the performed vegetation experiments give an overview of Table 1, showing the evaluation of vegetation of clover-grass mixture after 1 month and Table 2 with evaluation of vegetation of clover-grass mixture after the end of vegetation period. The ratio of the layers in the tables is in the order of FIG. 1/5: 4: 3 J 2, s 1 /, and the thickness of the last layer was 1 cm.

Table 1

Evaluation of vegetation of clover-grass mixture after 1 month

Plant height in mm Root length in mm Involvement of the stand 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5 3x 4 79% Λ η 1: 2: 1: 1: 0.5 4 5 81 H CM £ £ 1: 2 ·. 2: 1: 0.5 3 5 83 o ·· ΰ »1: 3: 2: 1: 0.5 4 4 84 Φ in ? > 1: 3: 3: 1: 0.5 4 5 85 XU § 2 1: 5: 5: 1: 0.5 Λ> 4 5 86 Comparative experiment 1 2 12%

Table2

Evaluation of vegetation of clover-grass mixture after 6 months

ř> φ X) Plant height in mm Root length in mm Involvement of the stand The ratio of individual vrs ^- 5: 4: 3: 2: 1 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5 1: 2: 1: 1: 0.5 1: 2: 2: 1: 0.5 1: 3: 2: 1: 0.5 1: 3: 3: 1: 0.5 1: 5: 5: 1: 0.5 32 36 30 33 '. 35 35 18 19 Dec 21 25 25 26 % 66 72 74 70  75 74 Comparative experiment - - -

The attached drawing 1 shows a cross-section of a reclaimed surface of a tailing pond, or a deposit of drained waste. The thickness of individual layers depends on the production of waste mash by the treatment plant, the size of the tailings pond and the time of drift. Layer 6 is the original acidic alluvial waste deposited on the tailings pond. At the time when it is decided to dispose of the sludge bed (about 1 to 2 years before it is fully filled), a continuous layer of alkaline waste sludge 2 is formed. when the plant is not in operation, only alkaline sludge will be discharged. After forming a continuous layer of alkaline waste sludge 2, alkaline sludge is dispensed into the waste mash and the mixture is deposited as layer 4. Further, humus is added to the mixture (waste mash and alkaline sludge) to obtain layer 3J, then to the waste mash mixture. fertilizer is added to the alkaline sludge to form layer 2. At the end of the tailings pond life, the mash is conveyed to the iodine pond by humus flooded in water and grass and tree species, thereby forming the top layer 1 of the reclaimed tailings pond surface.

Presence of an alkaline waste sludge and humus in the deposited layers of dewatered waste does not complete its drying and hence to wind erosion and pollution environment _ά.

Figure 2 shows a cross-section of the reclaimed surface of a sediment bed 6 which reacts neutrally or alkaline, where there is no need to form layers 4 and 4 and the waste mash forms a layer 3 after mixing with humus and sediment to the sediment bed. The mash is conveyed to the sludge bed by humus in water with grass and wood seeds, thereby forming a top layer 1 of the surface of the reclaimed sludge bed. .. ...

Claims (2)

1. A method for the reclamation of sludge and sediment waste derived from sedimentation or other dewatering processes, characterized in that the deposited sediment basement is treated with alluvial alkaline sewage sludge, waste mash and alkaline sewage sludge, with humus, artificial fertilizers and grass seed humus and Tree species. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in tailings ponds and waste depositions whose sediments react neutrally or alkalinely, only the waste mash with humus, artificial fertilizer and humus is seedlings of grasses and trees.