CS198420B1 - Central naphtha distillate and fuel oils with increased combustion properties - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to intermediate petroleum distillates and fuel oils with improved combustion properties.

It is known that the combustion properties of petroleum products, in particular middle petroleum distillates such as diesel and fuel oils, can be improved by additives. These additives cause improvements directly by increasing the post-combustion rate and / or indirectly by keeping the combustion chamber and injection elements clean. Oil-soluble transition metal compounds such as manganese or cobalt naphthenates, oil-soluble alkaline earth metal sulfonates such as haryarylalkylsulfonates or alkoxy compounds such as alkylene glycol derivatives have been suggested as additives.

The addition of these additives to diesel fuel causes, for example, a reduction in the black smoke of diesel engines.

The disadvantage of said additives lies in the fact that the operation of diesel engines leads to an undesirable increase in engine wear due to the formation of ash from the additive.

Furthermore, it is known that oil products have the task of acting as a lubricant, for example, for injection pumps for diesel engines and aircraft engines, as a main source of energy for the combustion process. As the degree of refining of these fuels increases, their lubricity deteriorates as a result of refining processes, since the components with the lubricating activity contained in the fuels are largely degraded. Wear reducing additives such as N-base petroleum extracts, fatty acids and pure derivatives, cyclic heterocomposite poles as well as aromatic amines for both diesel and jet engine fuels have been proposed. The disadvantage of using these additives is that they are expensive to manufacture and, on the other hand, when sulfur or nitrogen additives are used, increasing the sulfur and nitrogen content of the additive fuel causes undesirable effects on thermal stability or their emulsifying behavior towards water.

It is an object of the present invention to provide petroleum distillates and fuel oils with improved combustion properties by means of a readily available additive which would not contribute to ash formation and would not adversely affect other performance-determining properties of the products.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an additive that improves the combustion properties of petroleum products, particularly medium petroleum distillates and fuel oils.

This object is achieved by the use of intermediate petroleum distillates and fuel oils with improved combustion properties according to the invention, which comprises, as additives for improving combustion properties, a biolipid extract obtained during fermentation by production of hydrocarbon proteins as such and / or separable from the biolipid extract. a C ₁₂ to C ₁₈ fatty acid fraction and / or a biodegradable phosphatide fraction consisting of cephalins and lecithins in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, in particular 0.001 to 0.05% by weight, of the biolipid extract.

Biolipid extract is a complex mixture characterized by a content of 10 to 60% by weight. % phosphatides as well as 10 to 60 wt. fatty acids and other biogenic substances in hydrocarbons as a solvent.

Phosphatides consist of kefalins and lecithins. Fatty acids consist of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with a chain length of C ₁₂ to C ₁₈ . The biogenic components are steroids such as ergosterine and enzymes such as ubiquinone.

Separation of the phosphatide fraction from said biolipid extract is possible, for example, by precipitation with acetone.

Both the biolipid extract and the precipitated phosphatide fraction or the separated fatty acid fraction remaining after separation of the phosphatide fraction have been shown to be useful as agents for improving combustion properties and at the same time increasing lubricity.

It is preferable to use the additive not in the form of a pure substance but in the form of a solution in the respective petroleum product and to add to the treated petroleum product an amount of said solution so as to achieve the said concentration range.

The advantage of the proposed solution according to the invention consists in improving the combustion properties without deteriorating the other utility properties of the additive petroleum products. The additives according to the invention prevent the formation of ash during the combustion of petroleum products and thus reduce, for example, the wear of the pumps of diesel and aircraft engines as well as the engines themselves. For example, an additive of 0.05 wt. % of the biolipid extract to the hydrotreated diesel fuel will increase the breaking strength according to Almen and Wieland from 1800 ± 500 N to 3200 ± 500 N, the addition of 0.05 wt. % phosphatide fraction, optionally 0.05 wt. fatty acid fraction to 3000 and 500 N or 3600 ± 500 N.

Additive 0.007 wt. Fatty acid fraction to hydrotreated heavy naphtha / kerosene fraction with a 413-513 distillation range. With a sulfur content of 1 ppm, it reduces the wear of the test ball in the ball-roller (0.4 N load) from 0.936 mm to 0.352 mm and adds 0.005 wt. . % of biolipid extract at 0.384 mm and an additive of 0.005 wt. phosphatide fraction at 0.398 mm.

In addition, the invention allows the efficient use of the biolipid extract as a waste product of the microbial processing of petroleum hydrocarbons.

The invention is further elucidated by means of embodiments with the results of the additive effect.

Example 1

The diesel fuel obtained in the distillation of Romashkin oil with a distillation range of 513-623 K has a non-flame flame height of 18 ± 1 mm according to TGL 23 407. 0.25 wt. of the biolipid extract to said diesel fuel, the height of the non-flaming flame is increased to 23 ± 1 mm, the addition of 0.1 wt. of the biolipid extract increases the height of the non flammable flame to 25 ± 1 mm. Addition of 0.1 wt. the phosphatide fraction and / or fatty acid fraction have a non-flame flame height of 23 ± 1 mm and 22 ± 1 mm respectively.

Example 2

The residual fuel oil obtained during the processing of Romashkin oil, complying with TGL 3667 quality standard, was burned in an industrial furnace using a U-D1-2 burner. At an air ratio of λ = 1.18, the Bacharach 4 smoke density and CO ₂ content of the flue gases were measured

13.2%. The same residual fuel oil was additivated with 0.05 wt. biolipid extract and incinerated in the same furnace and same burner. At an air ratio of = 1.18, the Bacharach 2 smoke density was measured. For a burner operation that resulted in Bacharach 4 smoke density, it was possible to reduce the air ratio to z = 1.06. In this case, the CO ₂ content was in the flue gases

14.6%

Claims (1)

SUBJECT Medium petroleum distillates and fuel oils with improved combustion properties, characterized in that, as additives for improving combustion properties, they contain a biolipid extract obtained during fermentation by the production of proteins from hydrocarbons per se and / or from the biolipid extract separable INVENTION a fatty acid fraction having a chain length of C ₁₂ to C ₁₈ and / or a biodegradable extract of the biolipid extract consisting of cephalins and lecithins in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, in particular 0.001 to 0.005% by weight. Printing 51/02 FIXED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION TO COPYRIGHT 198420 (51) INT. Cl? - C 10 11/18 In the description of the invention as well as in the Copyright Certificate No 198420, the heading should read: (32) (31) (33) Right of priority from 3110 75 (WP C 10 1/179 162) The German Democratic Republic correctly: (32) (31) (33) ) Right of priority from 31 10 75 (WiP C 10 1/189 162) German Democratic .republic Office for Inventions and Discoveries