CS197404B1 - Device for measuring the vapour humidity particularly the water vapour in the nuclear power plants of the type water-water by the method of throtling - Google Patents

Abstract

Measurement and direct indication of steam wetness fraction partic. applicable to water reactors - in which a throttling calorimeter is used together with an axially adjustable steam sampling probe. Throttling valve regulation is controlled by the static pressure differential pertaining at the probe within the steam line and the parameters of saturated steam press. and the dry steam calorimeter pressure and temperature are used in an electrical circuit to provide two opposing electrical signals corresponding to dry and satd. steam temps. at the particular steam pressure. The resultant signal is used to provide a direct or recorded indication of the steam fraction.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

In water-to-water nuclear power stations, steam is produced in low humidity · this type of steam expands in special turbines to moist steam · To be able to carry out this process economically, it is necessary to withstand the properties and condition of wet steam and therefore measure moisture in steam · Measurable humidity values must be less than 0.5% ·

Of the known methods of measuring humidity at low humidity values, only the throttling method is suitable, in which the test sample is fed from the steam line to the throttle calorimeter and from thermal bilanoe the moisture is determined from the change in pressure and temperature of the test sample steam.

Other methods of measuring moisture, such as condensation, superheat and psychometric, consisting of density measurement, blending methods and meo-hanoi methods with bending, impact and centrifugal separators, are characterized by too much bending! measurements, which are conditioned by the tolerance of the measuring technique itself and can hardly be changed, which can be

A known device for determining water vapor moisture by measuring heat removal after discharge in a low pressure space is characterized by a overflow vessel consisting of a plurality of concentric wells through which steam entering the throttle valve passes into the central portion in opposite directions prior to its exit into the free space. . The overflow vessel is surrounded by a protective sheath against heat loss. · A thermometer is located inside the central part. · After reading the temperature, the moisture content of the steam can be determined by means of special tables.

however, the photo equipment does not foresee any means to determine the distribution of moisture along the pipe cross-section and to ensure the sampling of samples from the steam under test. In addition, it is disadvantageous that steam moisture data are not directly collected and not registered, but tables must be used.

197 404

197 404 is still too inaccurate · In addition, a device for determining the humidity of the environment, in particular water vapor, is known in which the electrical output of the thermal content measuring device is connected to the electrical output of the wet steam condition measuring device in such a way that the current flow is proportional to moisture, measuring devices, safety devices or data processing equipment are connected to the power circuit. Although direct and registered humidity data are obtained with this device, it is not possible to detect the distribution of moisture within the steam line or to provide isometric sampling. so this device is not usable as an instrument for measuring operating humidity, ϋ however, nuclear plant operation requires measurements over the entire pipe cross-section ·

The purpose of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks t ^{yt y} and develop ^{tp EXAMPLE} machine ^measurable ene ^and operation of the moisture that would work 'by the method of throttling and suitable for accurate measurement of low values of moisture, wherein the measurement results directly and also se'předávaly registrací.

The invention has Z ^{and U} et al vytvoHt Glare ^and zen ^{I '-} к ^monetary Ren ^s in ^lhk os'tl ^ RJ ^ uj zaj ^{Shoe í í} c from ^b: tR ^ck specimens at different locations pipe cross-section, wherein a display - the device would serve a known device with indicating devices for direct indication and registration ·

This object is solved by the invention, which is characterized in that the device for measuring the moisture vapor comprises devices for collecting test samples, which is provided with a probe, movable in ^the pipeline ^P ro humid ^to ou pair as ^p Ojén through ^šk ft ^Measuring or ^camphor n ^ŠK rt ⁱ c ^s m ^to alorime ^t rem, ^{in the CEM} to the throttle body is connected to the output of the controller to adjust the isokinetic sampling test samples having an input connection via the inverter with high-pressure column, arranged in a device for collecting specimens, while the header connected to the probe, a wet vapor pressure transducer is connected and other pressure and temperature transducers are connected to the throttle calorimeter, the outputs of which lead to a direct display unit and a registered display.

For accuracy of measurement, it is advantageous if the inverter for measuring the wet steam pressure is equipped with a piston manometer, the converter for measuring the calorimetric pressure with a precision differential pressure gauge and the converter for measuring the calorimetric temperature with a precision measuring device for double-jacket thermocouples.

In the direct and registered indication display unit, the electrical output of the thermal content measuring arrangement, the inputs of which are connected to the inverters connected to the throttle calorimeter, is preceded by the electrical output of the wet steam measuring arrangement to which the pressure measuring transducer is connected. damp vapors, with a current measuring recorder proportional to humidity in the current circuit connecting the two electrical outputs ·

In order to establish a thermodynamic equilibrium when measuring the pressure and temperature due to the intense swirl of the test sample, the throttle calorimeter preferably consists of concentric tubes, alternately closed at the front sides. steam flow from škrtioího valve from the inside to the outside in the opposite direction while the site for measurement of pressure and temperature is found ^p efore pos ^ dnán obrácenáa 180 ° and sous ^class EDN ^s tru ^BKY are about ^{bk LO} en ^yp L ^and ST ^E M ^{p for} protection against heat loss *

According to a further aspect of the invention, the sampling device consists of a sump connected by means of a pipe flange and provided with a plug in the end wall which is provided with a rod provided with a coaxial opening in the sump area. in which are mounted a tube carrying a probe and a test sample outlet, as well as a pulse line coming from the probe, the tube and pulse line projecting into the collecting tubes led by the front wall of the well and provided with sealing rings for the periphery. sealing the manifolds relative to the sump.

In the device according to the invention in which .is used only one converter for measuring pressure wet steam and other transducers for measuring the temperature of the calorimeter škrtioím whose outputs lead ^to and .in ^dik unit ^No. n ^{s p} ro ^EXAMPLE mine and re ^g istrovanou is preferably an indicator unit. for a direct and registered indication before the voltage transmitted from the temperature measuring transducer, for example to a thermocouple, upstream of the voltage drawn from the constant voltage source through a voltage divider whose sensor is controlled by a cam whose rotation angle is determined by wet steam pressure and its shape is designed so that the upstream voltage is proportional to the temperature that would be measured when throttling saturated steam in the throttle calorimeter and the voltage difference

197 404 is fed to the indicating device,. which indicates the humidity of the steam directly or by registering ·

When building a large nuclear elektráren.o .výkonech to install a steam turbine-work c ^{s s} s moist abortion ^kt ere have size ^Ké performances, ^p ro the operation of ^Apulia and tr ^a d ^{o p} řísnžné of any security conditions · It follows that humidity fresh steam is necessary during operation of SLE ^d ° vat · ^{term equipment} women ^and by VYN ^a l ^{Cutting j} e ^r eee ⁿ about I ^to about operating ^and me ^s c ^{s Your} device and skill ^of reap ^the-eat measuring moisture vapor with high precision with an absolute error of only 0.05% · Collector pipe protests in the sampling device are bypassed by wet steam flowing in the pipeline, there are no conduction heat losses on the samples taken, so good preconditions for accurate measurement are given · Adjusting the probe using spindle occurs in. hole seals only to the rotational movement in which .třeba not allowing for any problems těsnční, thus ensuring the safety of the nuclear technical equipment · The device according to the invention is not much space in the pipeline and in addition requires a tiny ^t or ask for servicing · All ^é shown signs vlastoostí and ensure ^ ^ uj ^and that of ^her robe by finding ^you can - be used as a measuring device operating on high precision ·

The apparatus according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus; FIG. 2 a schematic design of the throttle calorimetry; FIG.

The sampling device (Fig. 1) is connected via a sleeve to a pipe or vessel in which steam flows and is provided with a zero pressure sampling probe. zkušebníoh samples during the sliding operation of the probe head · test specimen MP gets into the collecting ^T ru ^BKY and thence, via throttling £ ^ ^d of ^the throttle ^and Alor meter 2 ·· * ^"P The two ^E has implusním conduit £, '£ A transducer 6 with a high-pressure column U is connected from the probe to measure the static pressure difference. The output of this transducer 6 leads to a controller. J to set the throttle 2 so that isokinetic sampling is performed ·

From the throttle calorimeter 2, which by its design serves to vigorously swirl the test sample and rapidly establish thermodynamic equilibrium, the calorimetric pressure P1 and the caloric value are ethnic. 'te ^ T rotates ^at the ^{Adi BC} es ^{currency Ic} n 8 is 2 to tatíkataí ^d · Well ^{area 10} in which ^E via a further inverter 11th transmits moisture vapor pressure P 1 of the device for taking samples zkušebníoh. Ind · ation unity ^{also p} ro ¹⁰ direct and re ^gi ^ ati strovanou TAD is responsible for the ^{management, to} tere known from DDR Patent No. · 70188 and is therefore not further ropsáno.

For accurate measurement, the wet steam pressure transducer 11 is equipped with a piston pressure gauge, a calorimetric pressure transducer 8 with a precision differential pressure gauge, and a calorimetric temperature transducer 2 with a precision measuring device - for double-shell thermocouples with partial thermo-voltage compensation. not individually indicated ·

The invention is not limited to the measurement of the water vapor moisture content. nuclear power plants / but can be used for any measurement of steam moisture ·

Referring to FIG. 2, the throttle calorimeter 2 is provided with a supply line 12 which opens into a central tube 12 which is fastened at its end to a connecting plate 11 in which an opening 15 is provided for the supply line D2. itself other four tubes J6 Ц, 18, 19 such that they are connected to the 'opposite ^{EN Ch} ln stíanácb. on ring ^P opřípa ^{ga p} rs ^{t h} encovýc plates ^and ch. 20, 21 »after ^or and ^d of the ^'availa from ^eskác h 20 · 21 and tvwí ^ bytíntovou ^d Rahu vapor · ^Z limit ^ip free space only limit ^and both posde ^d it ^the tubes 18, 19, steam flows into the second central pipe 22 · which is connected to the first central tube ^of at 13 coaxial · Inside this ^{hole HE cl} e ^d b ^{s t} ru ^BKY 22 is married mfoto 23 for measuring pressure and temperature at which the steam with certainty in thermodynamic equilibrium · steam ^{after the} Yat ^up from the second ^T ru ^BKY 22 is again a ^b RAC ^{and 180} and ^P and ^K in an external ^br s trutoe 2έ · kt ^e ck surrounds všeohny ostatíí ^t ru ^BKY is in Streda ^ ^Ca Square 2J PRECAUTIONS zvrtaným diameter for insertion into The pipes 12, 16 to 12 connected to each other flow to the inlet end of the laterally connected outlet aperture.

The method of evacuating steam does not cause any heat loss at the actual measuring point 23 · The entire system of the vessel is surrounded by a protective sheath 22 against heat loss ·

Fig. 3 shows the design for sampling. • For piping J1m in kte4

197 404 damp steam flows through the flange 32 and a sump 33 is connected via a flange 32. A hole 22 is provided in the sump wall 34 of the sump 22 through which a rod 36 passes, which has a coaxial aperture 37 in the area of the sump 33. threaded spindle 39, which is adjusted by turning the bar 22

At the end of the screw spindle 22 »facing the pipe 21» there is a plate ДО in which the pipe 41 is welded, carrying a probe 42 at its end by protruding into the pipe 31 and submerged in its collecting pipe Д2 through the end wall 21 » to which it is welded, into the well 33 «The test sample to be tested is taken from the sleeve 44 of the collecting tube 43 protruding from the well 33. In the same way the impulse conduits 45 extending from the probe 42 are fixed, showing only one conduit. and which are led also to the collecting tube 46 and fastened in the same manner as the collecting tube Д2 P ^ro test sample · pipe 41 and impulse pipes 45 are provided at their ends projecting into the collecting pipes 43 · 46 · circumferentially sealing ring 47 and thereby during their movement during the adjustment of the probe 42, they seal the collecting tubes 43 · 46 with respect to the sump 33 · Opening 3 The rod 22 is provided with a handwheel 22 at the end projecting from the seal 48 by means of which the probe 42 can be adjusted and its position can be read on the scale indicated. ·

The cost of instruments for the direct and registered indication unit can be substantially reduced by detecting the moisture on the basis of the relation f - p · (t '- t _fc ) p · přičemž t where jako as the coefficient of proportionality in throttling against the atmosphere (p « 102.9698 kPa) has a value of% humidity _and P -------------- --- GRD t * - indicates a temperature that would be measured at the throttling of dry saturated steam at škrtioím calorimeter at _the - indicates the temperature measured when throttling wet steam in the throttle calorimeter ·

For this purpose, the indication unit for the direct and registered indication according to FIG. 4 is designed such that the voltage from the thermocouple 21, which is arranged in the throttle calorimeter 2 as the measured temperature converter (see FIG. 1), reaches the thermostat 52 as a source. • The voltage divider sensor 56 is controlled by a cam 2Ζ »whose angle of rotation is determined by the pressure p ™ of the wet steam and its the shape is designed so that the sensed and upstream voltage is always proportional to the temperature that would be measured at the Strike Dry Saturation in the Throttle Calorimeter 2 · The residual voltage is proportional to the desired temperature difference Δ t, which is again proportional to humidity · Direct or registered indication in the display device 58 ·

Claims (5)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION 1 · Equipment for measuring the humidity of steam, in particular water vapor in water-to-water nuclear power plants, by the Hydration method, in which the wet steam sample is fed to a throttle calorimeter and the pressure and temperature change of the steam test sample is used to determine humidity, a direct and registered humidity indication, characterized in that it consists of a sampling device (1) having a probe (42) movable in a damp steam line (31) and connected via a throttle (2) to 197404 throttling calorimeter ^(3), wherein a throttling member (2) is connected the output controller (7) for setting an isokinetic sampling specimens, whose input is connected across currencies ^{IR (6)} with a high-such as ^L oupcem U savings ^and given in furnished ^F DRIVING Cl) · ^P ro ODB ^E r experienced ^{EB --N} h samples, while the collecting pipe (43) connected to the probe (42) is connected to the inverter (11) for measuring the pressure of the wet steam and a throttling calorimeter (3) additional inverters (8, 9) for measuring pressure and temperature are connected, the outputs of which lead to an indicating unit (10) for direct and registered indication » Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inverter (11) for measuring the vapor pressure is equipped with a piston manometer, the inverter (8) for measuring the calorimetric pressure with a precision differential pressure gauge and the inverter (9) for measuring the calorimetric temperature with a precision measuring device for thermocouples. with double jacket, with partial compensation of thermo-voltage. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the display unit (10) for direct and registered indication of the electrical output of the arrangement for measuring the heat content ^h of ^Z inputs are connected modifies ^{or (8, 9)} connected ^{characterized on} crushing calorimeter ⁽³⁾ upstream of the electrical output of the arrangement for measuring the state of wet vapor which is ⁱⁿ bonding ^currency ni ^{No. (11)} for ^measurable measurement ^thickness and ^k u l ^HKE steam pHčemž in the current circuit ^to connect the two electrical outputs, a current meter is provided. ⁴ «under ^RI lation ^p o ^dL e ^b odu ^one significant mandrel ^that, krt ^I or ^the calorie-tr ⁽³⁾ consists of soustřednýc ^h tru ^b ek (Όι ^16, V, W, ^{19, 2} 2, 2, ⁶⁾ , střtáavě ^h at customs losses closed for the flow of steam. a throttle valve (2) from the inside to the outside in the opposite direction while the space · for mčřerá pressure te ^p ture is - ^BC E ^dp osledním obtácením ¹⁸⁰ and soustóedné tubes (13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 26) they are surrounded by a casing (29) for protection against heat loss. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (1) for taking test samples from the assembly ^and it ^{-alkyl O3)} connected ^p dip ^EXAMPLE Ruby (3 ²⁾ Abortion ^b IM ⁽³¹⁾ and again Ren ^é the front wall (34) seal (48) through which rod (36) provided in the sump (33) coaxial otáorem ^(37), a straight-EMZ the rod ^{(3 6)} is uc ^hy affor screwdriver ^b b ^s bore ⁽³⁹⁾ carrying end direction ^measured ujícírn ^to after ^t ru ^b i ^{(31) of} the plate ⁽⁴⁰⁾ in ^kt er ^s are secured ^currency pipe ⁽⁴¹⁾ carrying the probe ⁽⁴²⁾ and odvádějío ^s zkuěetaí sample and the pulse ^P bran ^{(45 )} přictázející from the probe (42), the tube (41) and impulse lines (45) project into the collecting pipes (43, 4, ⁶⁾ guided ^No frontal wall ^{(3 4)} wells ⁽³³⁾ and on otoodu are opatáeny sealing rings (47 ro u ^{p s t} ěsněn. ěrnýc with ^{b ht} Rubek ^{(43, 46)} mod ^h le ^d em к sump ^(33).