CS195480B1 - Frequency discriminator - Google Patents

Abstract

The frequency discrimator has a comparator with an AND-circuit. One input of this AND-circuit is connected to a timer. The second input is connected to the output of a signal shaper. An invertor also has its input connected to the output of the signal shaper. A zero reset pulse shaper has its input connected to the signal shaper. Its output is connected to a counter composed of five units. The minimum number of units which the counter must have is determined by the resolution required of the discriminator. The number of units is determined by the formula p >= 3.4 log (Fo/DELTA F) where p = the number of units of the counter. Fo is the average frequency of the treated signal. DELTA F is the frequency deviation of the treated signal.

Description

The present invention relates to a frequency discriminator comprising a theatrical device for rectangular pulses of a frequency manipulated signal. A frequency discriminator, at the output of which a rectifier for a frequency-manipulated signal is coupled, is known. The output of this former is coupled to the prosteek input to compare the shading of each rectangular pulse of the frequency-manipulated signal with the gray reference signal, and the outputs of the mentor-containing means are electrically coupled via two product members to the corresponding outputs of the static flip-flop. One whose state corresponds to the existence of a fraction at the input of the discriminator and whose opposite state indicates its existence. frequency of the frequency-modulated signal at the input of the discriminator,

Means to compare the duration of each rectangular. The pulse of the frequency-amplified signal with the duration of the reference signal also includes a multiswitch multiswitch whose input is connected to the output of the working tone signal, and whose output is connected via a second signal to the first signal. the input of the first product member and the input of the third plurality whose output is. connected to the scavenger shovel of the second product member. The second inputs of the said product terms are associated with the output of the fourth plague.

The output of the puncher for the rectangular beam is connected via an inventor. by the entry of the fourth aoonn Saailndhn mul thi-vibrator (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 3,233,181).

As is known, it does not sweep monosol. It has no high stability for the three vibrators for the timing parameters of the pulse generated when operating in the temperature range of, for example, minus 40 ° C to plus '60 ° C, and their deployment to generate reference signals therefore discriminator frequencies.

Therefore, it is not possible to use a known frequency discriminator in an information transmission system that uses a frequency and an applied signal with a relatively small frequency deviation.

When the known frequency discri In the low and infrared working frequencies (several tens of hertz or several hertz), it is necessary to use a low-frequency converter with a higher delay time, which requires capacitors of larger capacities (several tens and hundreds). ι ^ (^ Sara ^ i ^ /).

In order to determine the required stability of the time parameters of the mono and bile vibrators, stable co-ordinators with plastic film sheets, which are larger than 1 notes for larger capacities, must be used. space-intensive and costly.

When o ^o d s njíct known skr i.m. also on toi? · Uv km and rotating the extent of this will therefore have a high cost and large size.

When tuning to a nominal, or when the frequency plane, adding a known frequency discriminator to not her working frequencies must perform tuning or retuning of the four-Iti: May, vibrators, which operate ^one komaOikuje disk R in them and this interference.

In addition, it is practically impossible to realize the known frequency di-triacinate in the tertiary embodiment because of the necessity of using relatively large capacitors in the multi-vibrators.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a frequency discriminator for operating in narrowband communication channels and for transmitting discrete information, including low and infrared frequency ranges.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a frequency discriminator of the type in which a new switching technical means of comparing the duration of each rectangular pulse of a frequency, mmn pulsed signal with reference signal duration increases the center frequency stability of the discriminator. frequencies, as well as simplifying the tuning and operation of the di rim im into rto and remove the freq. mixer in ilcroϊιΙegoovnny perform.

The frequency discriminator subdata according to the invention is characterized in that the means for comparing each rectangular pulse of the frequency-pulsed signal with the duration of the reference signal comprises a pulse generator, a third product, one of the inputs of which is coupled to the rectangular pulse former. the pulse generator output, the blackout impactor, the input of which is connected to the rectangular mouthplate output, to which the inverter input is also connected, and the counter is selected in which the number of flip-flops is selected according to the desired discriminating resolution. according to the frequency and outputs of the last two flip-flops of the handle are connected to the inputs of the first and second product members, wherein the first output Q of the last flip-flop and the second output Q of the last butt flip-flop are connected to two outputs of the first product; Q_ over the ice flip-flop and the first output Q of the penultimate flip-flop are connected ηε two inputs of the second product and the frictional inputs of these products to the output of the monitor, one counter input is connected to the output of the third product and the second input The KiI-Feeder according to the invention provides an increase in the stability of the mid-frequency of the Oscillator, an extension of the operating range in the low and very low operating frequencies without extensive use of capacitors by great kapaaite, expands operating temperature range as well as simplifying, tuning and operating the discriminators and developing the frequency range in microns. in i ag r o in the embodiment.

The invention will be elucidated in detail on the basis of the description. no Example u ⁱ '^ a ^ nd and during the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the frequency d i s c i i n t o p c according to the invention, n and Fig. 2 the positions a, b, c, d, 3, f, g, h, i,

k, 1, m Time diagram of the output signals of the frequency discriminator units. po. ·· 1 e y n e e.

The Ki-counted diuretic comprises a crimper i / fig. 1) for rectangular pulses of the frequency signal, the output of which is coupled to the input of the means 2 for comparing the duration of each rectangular pulse of the frequency-manipulated signal to the duration of the reference signal.

The duration comparison means 2 comprises a clock pulse generator. The oval divider to which the input of the rectangular pulse former is connected.

The means 2 also comprises a actuator member 4, one input of which is connected to the output of the pulse generator 6 and the other input is connected to the output of the pulverizer 1, for an inverter, the input of which is connected to the output of the pulverizer. nickel impulses, blackout pulses 8. the input of which is connected to the same output of the rectangular pulse former 6 and the binary counter 6, consisting of a first flip-flop 3, a second flip-flop 6, a third flip-flop 10, a penultimate flip-flop 11 and a last flip-flop 12.

Measuring the desired number of flip-flops in binary counts (but not less than two) is selected according to the desired resolution of the frequency discriminator and determined according to the relation;

p> 3.4 lg

where p denotes the number of flip-flops in the counter 7, µg syi ^ ol for the decimal logarithm, Fo means the mid-frequency frequency of the lovasignal signal and

ZF frequency deviation of km i frequency · of the traveled signal.

The repeated frequency for the pulse pulse of the pulse generator 3 is selected based on the following formula:

F = 2 ^ 7F2. (2n - 1), where is

F repeated frequency for clock pulse 1 sy of pulse generator 3,

Fi and 2 the lower or upper operating frequency of the frequency-manipulated signal, η = 2P the number of pulses applied to the pulse of the last flip-flop 12 of the binary pusher 6 and p the number of flip-flops in 7 determined according to the first relationship.

Connected to the input of the first flip-flop 8 of the binary count 7 is the output of the product member 6 and to the inputs S for adjusting the first flip-flop 8 of the second flip-flop 9, the third flip-flop 10 and the penultimate flip-flop 10. counter to the output state, the output of the former 6 for blanking impulses is connected.

In addition, the frequency disintegrator comprises a first product element 13 and a second product element 14 each having three inputs and sections, a Si-I latch circuit with two inputs.

The first output of the flip-flop of the binary counter. Is coupled to one of the inputs of the second product member £ and the second output Q1 of the penultimate flip-flop is connected to one of the inputs of the first product member 13.

The first output Q1 of the last flip-flop 12 is connected to the second inlet of the product member 8 and the second output Q4 of the flip-flop 12 is connected to the second input of the expensive product member 4.

The third inputs of the first product member 44 and the second product of the member 4 are coupled to the output of the iavertor 14 and the outputs of the first product member 13 of the second product member 44 to corresponding responses to the inputs of the statistical flip-flop 16 whose first output 20 The second output 21 is output as a frequency disrupter output. '

Giant. 2 shows timing diagrams of output signals from:

a / clock pulse generator £,

6 b) rectangular pulse formers 11, s / product 4, d / inverter 5, e / blackout pulses 6, f / first output Q 16 of the last butt flip circuit 11, g / second output 17 of the last butt flip circuit I1, h the second output 19 of the last flip-flop 22; i) the first output Q 18 of the last flip-flop 72, the first product member 11, k; the second product member 14; flip-flop 15.

The frequency discriminator works as follows:

At the inlet of the former g / fig. 1) for rectangular pulses, a frequency-manipulated signal arrives from the communication channel and produces a sequence of rectangular pulses 22 at its output. 2, the position b / with the lower operating frequency F1 and the pulses 23 with the upper operating frequency F2 of this signal.

Upon arrival of the first rectangular pulse 22 at the input of the former 6 / FIG. 1 / for the blanking pulses from its output to the outputs 6 of the first flip-flop 8, the second flip-flop 9, the third flip-flop 10, the penultimate flip-flop 11 and the last flip-flop 12 of the binary counter 7 . 2, the position e / which is formed from the leading edge of the rectangular pulse 22 / FIG. 2, position b /. -

At the same time, this rectangular pulse 22 arrives at one of the inputs of the product 4 Tobr. 1), at whose second input a pulse train of pulse 25 is delivered (FIG. 2, position a / clock pulse generator g / fig. 1 /. The product member 4 interconnects and lets it come to the operational input of the first flip-flop 8 of the binary counter 7 during the duration of the rectangular pulse 22 / FIG. 2, position b / reference pulse train 25 / fig. 2, position с /.

At the same time, at the output of the inverter 5 / FIG. 1 / forms inverted pulse 2 6 7cbr. 2, the position d / which closes the first product member 13 and the second product member 14 (FIG. 1). 1) for the duration of the rectangular pulse 22 / FIG. 2, position b /.

During the duration of this pulse 22, the binary counter 7 / FIG. 1, a pulse train 25 (FIG. 2, position с), wherein the pulse train 25 in the reference burst is sufficient to equip the last flip-flop 12 (FIG. 2). 1 / binary counter 7.

In this case, the trip signals 27 / FIG. 2, position h / or 28 / fig. 2, the position f / which reaches the inputs of the second product member / fig. 1 /.

After the rectangular pulse 22 / fig. 2, the position b / is closed by the product member 6; 1) and an opening pulse 29 (FIG. 2, position d) appears at the output of the inverter 5 to allow the coupling of the second product member M / FIG. 1 /.

Signal / fig. 2, position j / from the last output sets the static flip-flop 15 / fig. 1 /, while arriving at one of its inputs to a condition that corresponds to the existence of a lower operating frequency F 1 of the frequency-manipulated signal. In this case, a signal 31 / FIG. 2, position 1 /.

This process of comparing the duration of the rectangular pulse 22 / FIG. 2, position b / with pulse train 25 / fig. 2, the position a / in one burst of the reference pulses that has arrived at the input of the binary counter 7. " happens every time a rectangular pulse 22 / FIG. 2, a position b / with a duration corresponding to the lower operating frequency Ff of the frequency-manipulated signal.

The state of the static flip-flop 15 / fig. 1 / remains unchanged.

As soon as a rectangular pulse 23 / FIG. 2, the position b / with a duration corresponding to the upper operating frequency F2 of the frequency-manipulated signal starts to fill the binary counter 7 / FIG. 1 / by pulse pulses 25 / fig. 2, position с /, wherein the sequence of these pulse pulses 25 in the reference burst is now sufficient only to equip the penultimate flip-flop (FIG. 1 / binary counter 7.

At the second output Q 17 of the penultimate flip-flop 11 and at the first output Q 18 of the last flip-flop 12, the tripping signals 32 (FIG. 2, position g) and 33, FIG. 2, the position i / that reaches the inputs of the first product 13 / fig. 1 /.

After the rectangular pulse 23 / fig. 2, the position b / is closed by the product member 4 / fig. 1, and at the output of the inverter 5 an opening pulse 29 appears. 2, the position d / which allows the first product member 13 to start up (FIG. 1 /,

Signal 3 4. / fig. 2, position k / from the last output sets the static flip-flop 15; 1 / by arriving at the other of the output, in the opposite state, which corresponds to the existence of the upper operating frequency F? frequency manipulated signal. The signal 35 / FIG. 2, position m /.

This process of comparing the duration of the rectangular pulse 23 / FIG. 2, position b / with pulse train 25 / fig. 2, the position с / in one burst of reference pulses received at the input of the binary counter 7. / fig. 1 /, happens every time a rectangular pulse 23 arrives. 2, a position b / with a duration that corresponds to the upper operating frequency F2 of the frequency-manipulated signal.

The state of the static circuit 15 / FIG. 1 / remains unchanged.

Thus, when powering a frequency-manipulated signal comprising two operating frequencies F1 and F2 to the input of the frequency discriminator, the static flip-flop 15 changes its state each time the operating frequencies F1 and F2 of this signal are changed, i.e., the signal. the frequency discriminator works as a detector for the frequency manipulated signal.

The iminát.r frequency disc is intended for use as a detector for a frequency-manipulated signal in the electronic communication apparatus, in the transmission of information and in remote sensing techniques, as well as a threshold value sensitive to changes in the frequency of electric oscillations from its input and is also used in automatic control systems.

Claims (1)

A frequency discriminator comprising a rectangle pulses of a frequency manipulated signal whose output is coupled to an input of a means for comparing the duration of each rectangular frequency signal to a duration of a reference signal, and the outputs of that means exhibiting an inverter are electrically coupled via two product members with resistive inputs of a static flip-flop whose one state corresponds to the existence of a lower operating frequency at the discriminator input, and whose opposite state corresponds to the existence of the upper operating frequency of the frequency manipulated signal at the discriminator input, comparing the duration of each rectangular pulse of the frequency-controlled signal with the duration of the reference signal comprises a pulse generator (3), a third product (4), one of which is connected to the output of a rectifier (1) for rectangular pulses and a second input with a pulse generator output (3), a former (6) for blackout impulses, the input of which is connected to the rectifier pulse input (1), and Y WHERE the inverter input (5) and the binary counter are also connected. (7), in which the number of flip-flops (8, 9, 10, 11 a) is selected 12) according to the desired discriminator resolution and the outputs of the penultimate (11) and last (12) flip-flop binary circuit (7) are connected to the inputs of the first product (13) and the second product (14), the first output Q / 18 the last flip-flop (12) and the second output Q (17) of the penultimate flip-flop (11) of the binary controller (7) are connected to two inputs of the first product (13), the second output Q (19) of the last flip-flop (12) and the first output Q (16) of the penultimate flip-flop (11) of the binary counter (7) are connected to two inputs of the second product member (14) and the third inputs of these product members (13 and 14) are connected to the inverter output 5), one input of the binary counter (7) is coupled to the output of the third product member (4) and the other input of the binary counter (7) is coupled to the output of the former (6) for blackout.