CN88103614A - 多相合成反应器的改进 - Google Patents

多相合成反应器的改进 Download PDF

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CN88103614A
CN88103614A CN198888103614A CN88103614A CN88103614A CN 88103614 A CN88103614 A CN 88103614A CN 198888103614 A CN198888103614 A CN 198888103614A CN 88103614 A CN88103614 A CN 88103614A CN 88103614 A CN88103614 A CN 88103614A
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side wall
heat exchanger
vaporizer
wall
catalytic bed
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安伯托·扎迪
乔尔乔·帕加尼
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Casale SA
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Ammonia Casale SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0423—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/0426—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • B01J8/0434—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other in combination with two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0423—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/0426—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • B01J8/043—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other in combination with one cylindrical annular shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0461—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B01J8/0469—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

多相合成反应器包括至少部分嵌入两端催化床层的汽化器和热交换器，以及至少一层中间催化床层，每一催化床层中设置有几组环形侧壁所构成的两个气体通道，其中一道通道由支撑圆筒内侧壁和与其邻近的多孔侧壁构成。

Description

本发明是对多相合成反应器的改进发明，本发明尤其涉及到一种可提高多相合成、特别是氨合成反应器产率的系统。该系统包括与汽化器部分连接的催化层、被热交换器基本上贯通的催化层、以及至少一个中间催化层。
上述类型的反应器本身是公知的，如意大利28961-66号专利。
为了便于直观描述，使本发明内容尽可能通俗易懂，图1（表示反应器轴向的局部截面图）表示根据本专利设计的一种反应器。
经10通进的合成气GS由上向下穿过反应器壳体M的内壁22与支撑圆筒Cu的外壁23之间的气体通道21，从底部FO（按箭头F1的方向）向上经热交换器SC的各个交换管Ti内流出，再沿轴向（箭头F2）穿过中间催化层CC，然后经蒸发器CA的一侧冷却并从该处顶部流出。流出的气体通过（箭头F3）催化层CS顶部，继续沿轴向从底部按箭头F4方向流出，再沿F′4方向向上流入管道BP。通过该管道的气流F5直接流入靠下部的催化层C1，然后作为气流F′5继续向上从热交换SC内部向上流出，流出的气流再向下沿F7方向流经中心管25′，最后作为反应后气体F′7流出反应器。
箭头8示出向汽化器通水的入口，F9示出在汽化器中通过回收反应热产生的蒸汽的出口。由于所述反应器为公知反应器，所以这里不予详述。对反应器的描述说明可以从上述意大利28961-66号专利中查到，本文包括了其中的内容。
虽然上述类型的反应器与在其之前的现有技术相比已有明显改进，但仍存在一些缺点。这些缺点最终妨碍了该设备达到预期的效果。
谈及缺点时，特别应提到与合成气轴向流经催化床层有关的问题、随之造成的压力降问题以及为了减少压力降而需要用大颗粒催化剂的问题。
本发明的目的是提供一种系统，该系统可消除上述缺陷，并可提供一种经过改进的上述类型的反应器，使气流沿轴向流经催化床层的流动尽量减少，而增加沿径向流经催化床层的流动。
上述的以及其它目的是通过具有下述特征的系统来实现的。该系统的特征是每一催化床层中采用两个由环形壁构成的气体通道，在相应整个床层长度的环形壁上，至少有一部分穿有孔眼，其中一个气体通道是由支撑圆筒的内壁和与其邻近的多孔壁构成。
在本发明的一个优选的实施例中，在上、下两端的催化床层中，上端催化床层与汽化器连接，下端的催化床层与热交换器连接。与支撑圆筒内壁一起构成气体通道的外侧环形壁从上到下都穿有孔眼。与汽化器外侧壁构成气体通道的内侧壁以及相应的热交换器的外侧壁上穿孔部分的侧壁长度要小于上述全穿孔部分且面对支撑圆筒的外侧壁长度。
根据本发明的一个方面，少部分未穿孔的内侧壁由汽化器和热交换器的部分实体侧壁构成。根据权利要求1所说的系统，其特征是中间催化床层不与汽化器或热交换器连接，与支撑圆筒构成气体通道的环形壁为外侧壁，其上穿孔部分的侧壁长度要小于其穿孔部分的环形内侧壁长度，有较长穿孔区域的上述环形侧壁内的圆形空间里不装催化剂，构成第二个气体通道。
本发明显然包括与所述系统一起得到的反应器。
图2示出本发明的一种优选的但非限制性实施方案。该图与图1类似，是从完全轴向的转变成为基本上径向的反应器的纵向部分截面图。
根据本发明的第一个方面，每一催化床中有两条气体通道，其中的一条即靠外的通道Ie、I′e、Ie″都包括支撑圆筒Cu的内侧壁23′。实际上，三个床装有的环形外侧壁Pe、Pe′、Pe″与23′构成上述外侧的气体通道Ie、Ie′、Ie″。
三个床中还装有内侧壁Pi、Pi′、Pi″，由其构成内侧的气体通道Ii、Ii′、Ii″。
根据本发明的一个方面，在与汽化器相连的（上端床层CS）和与热交换器相连的（下端床层CI）两端床层中，外侧壁Pe与Pe″全部穿孔，所以Pe＝Ptf，Pe″＝Pe″f（其中Ptf表示全穿孔侧壁）。相应的内侧壁Pi和Pi″上分别有少部分未穿孔区域H、H″。最好未穿孔部分H是由汽化器的外侧壁PeCA构成。下端床层CI的未穿孔侧壁H″也可以是热交换器的外侧壁PeCS。
但是，H″部分最好是内侧壁Pi″的未穿孔的延续部分。Pi″可表示为部分穿孔侧壁P″Pf（Pf表示部分穿孔）。
根据本发明的另一方面，在中间床层上装有沿H′段的未穿孔的外侧环形壁P′，上述H′段由支撑圆筒的实体侧壁23′构成。内侧环形侧壁Pi′从上到下都穿孔，所以Pi′＝Pt′f。Pi′内的环圆形侧壁即内侧气体通道Ii′是空的，未装填催化剂。
通过在每一床层所设计的全穿孔侧壁以及部分穿孔侧壁，可在最小部分的未穿孔区域H、H′、H″分别造成气流的轴向流动A、A′、A″，而在每床层中的其余大部分穿孔区域形成气流的径向流动。
由此而有可能采用小颗粒催化剂，同时减少进一步产生的压力降，提高产率。
事实上，申请人在一系列在先的专利和专利申请中描述了其轴向一径向反应器的先进技术，请参见美国专利4372920和欧洲专利申请202454。

Claims (7)

1、提高多相合成、尤其是氨合成反应器产率的系统，包括与汽化器部分连接的催化层、基本上被热交换器贯通的催化层以及至少一个中间催化床，其特征在于每一催化床层中，利用对相应催化床层全长而言至少部分穿孔的环形侧壁构成两条气体通道，上述一条气体通道是由支撑圆筒内侧壁和与其邻近的穿孔侧壁构成。
2、根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于在两端催化床层上（上端床层与汽化器相连，下端床层与热交换器相连），与支撑圆筒内侧壁构成气体通道的外侧环形侧壁从上到下穿有孔眼，与面对支撑圆筒的全穿孔外侧壁相比，分别与汽化器外侧壁和热交换器的外侧壁形成气体通道的内侧壁上，只有很小部分穿孔。
3、根据权利要求2的系统，其特征是很小部分未穿孔的内侧壁由汽化器的部分实体侧壁和由热交换器的部分实体侧壁构成。
4、根据权利要求1的系统，其特征是未与汽化器或热交换器连接的中间催化层中，与支撑圆筒构成气体通道的环形侧壁是靠外侧壁，该侧壁上穿孔区域小于内侧环形侧壁上的穿孔区域，上述穿孔区域较大的环形侧壁内的环形圆筒空间内不装任何催化剂，构成第二个气体通道。
5、根据前面的权利要求，其特征是在具有较少穿孔侧壁部分的催化床层中，气流为径向流动，而在分别与汽化器、支撑圆筒和面对热交换器的实体侧壁部分的热交换器的实体侧壁部分直接连接的催化床层中，气流按轴向流动。
6、采用根据上述权利要求的系统设计的反应器。
7、基本上与所描述和所例举的系统一致的反应器。
CN198888103614A 1987-05-14 1988-05-14 多相合成反应器的改进 Pending CN88103614A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100351009C (zh) * 2001-10-19 2007-11-28 卡萨尔甲醇公司 用于在伪等温条件下执行化学反应的方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1271798B (it) * 1993-12-29 1997-06-09 Ammonia Casale Sa Metodo per la mordenizzazione in situ di un reattore per la sintesi eterogenea esotermica,in particolare del tipo cosiddetto kellog
US5427760A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-06-27 Brown & Root Petroleum And Chemicals Axial-radial reactors in the braun ammonia synloop with extrnal heat sink
WO2002000547A1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-03 Uop Llc Apparatus for producing hydrogen
WO2002000548A1 (en) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-03 Uop Llc Apparatus for producing hydrogen
US20020183571A1 (en) * 2000-11-30 2002-12-05 Sud-Chemie Inc. Radial reactor loading of a dehydrogenation catalyst
US7435862B2 (en) 2000-11-30 2008-10-14 Sud-Chemie Inc. Radial reactor loading of a dehydrogenation catalyst

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4341737A (en) * 1979-05-22 1982-07-27 The Lummus Company Apparatus for carrying out catalytic exothermic and endothermic high-pressure gas reactions
IN165082B (zh) * 1985-05-15 1989-08-12 Ammonia Casale Sa

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100351009C (zh) * 2001-10-19 2007-11-28 卡萨尔甲醇公司 用于在伪等温条件下执行化学反应的方法

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