CN87207534U - A.c. switch-type fully electronic auto-manostat - Google Patents
A.c. switch-type fully electronic auto-manostat Download PDFInfo
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- CN87207534U CN87207534U CN 87207534 CN87207534U CN87207534U CN 87207534 U CN87207534 U CN 87207534U CN 87207534 CN87207534 CN 87207534 CN 87207534 U CN87207534 U CN 87207534U CN 87207534 U CN87207534 U CN 87207534U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an AC switch-type full-electronic automatic voltage regulator, comprising a main circuit and a control circuit. The working principle is that the simulation quantity of the voltage formed by the commercial power through the voltage reduction is formed through the sampling and the A/D conversion, and then the simulation quantity of the voltage directly control the conducting of an AC switch through driving a triggering circuit buffer register by passing through a buffer register in order that the coil number of the windings of the input end and the coil number of the windings of the output end of a special type autotransformer can obtain the automatic adjustment. Consequently, the output voltage is stabilized on the required number value. The sampling circuit samples the sampling circuit of the instantaneous value, and assists a phase shift circuit.
Description
The utility model belongs to electronic AC voltage stabilizer, particularly relates to a kind of AC swiching-type all-electronic automatical voltage regulator that adopts transistor or integrated circuit.
At present domestic common 614, VR, WY series electronic AC voltage regulator all is that to adopt electron tube be the alternating current steady voltage plug of DC control part components and parts.It is the size according to magnetrol DC side marking current, and the principle of the magnetic capacity μ of control iron core reaches the purpose of control output voltage.From the sixties since China applies, do change fundamentally.With electron tube be as the shortcoming of control device: the first, as the power electronics energy device, the energy resource consumption of this voltage stabilizer is big, and volume is big, Heavy Weight.The second, the stream time of this voltage stabilizer is short, and voltage stabilized range is little, and rated power is limited, and other all kinds of indexs are also lower.The 3rd, as with its auxiliary power unit, owing to itself is but also using the old-fashioned electron tube that is about to eliminate to seem very unbecoming as exact instrument and sophisticated equipment (for example computing machine).At last, owing to present electron tube except specific use also allows the production, some electron tubes that can replace with transistor, integrated circuit etc. are stopped to produce at last.Therefore, the redesign of electronic AC voltage stabilizer and update have been a very urgent job.
At Zhang Haoqing, " the novel electron AC voltage regulator " that Ge Ye writes (" instrument is with following " magazine, 1986 the 9th phases) introduced a kind of novel electron AC voltage regulator in the literary composition, the control device of 614 AC voltage regulator such as series electronic such as grade has been evolved a step with integrated circuit control.Electronic AC voltage stabilizer with integrated circuit control relatively is characterized in similar model kind: volume-diminished; Weight saving; Can use continuously, can only use 8 to 16 hours shortcoming the every day that has overcome 614 series of products.The model of the integrated circuit that this AC voltage regulator adopts is W723C, and is domestic by the production of Shanghai radio seven factories, is characterized in that output current is big, voltage is high.Be used for AC voltage regulator, it is more convenient then to press dress, debugging and maintain and replace.Adopt the AC voltage regulator of this integrated circuit to divide five parts to form: 1) to be rectification of power supply direct current and filtering circuit part; 2) be sample circuit, 3) be amplifying circuit, 4) negative bias circuit when being voltage jump, 5) be to exchange to adjust loop and third harmonic filtering circuit.The principle in this AC voltage regulator interchange adjustment loop is the same with the principle of 614 AC voltage regulator such as series electronic such as grade, and its common feature is to be connected across between input end (grid ac voltage) and the output terminal (stable output voltage) after autotransformer and the magnetrol series connection.When grid voltage change and load change, control the AC impedance of magnetrol by W723 and composite amplifier, thereby make the voltage of voltage stabilizer output be stabilized in 220 volts.But, because above-mentioned AC voltage regulator is not made the improvement of essence to original 614 series such as grade on principle of work, so though on some performance index, improve to some extent the progress of achieving no breakthrough property still.Also have many fundamental drawback to be difficult for overcoming.
The purpose of this utility model is, changes the design concept of AC electronic voltage stabilizer, and a kind of AC electronic voltage stabilizer that adopts binary digital technology to design is provided, so that make all kinds of technical indicators obtain the raising of the order of magnitude.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model realizes by following principle: the voltage that civil power forms by step-down is touched like amount, through over-sampling after A/D converter form behind binary digital quantity again by buffer register directly by driving the admittance of trigger circuit control alternating-current switch, so that the number of turns of autotransformer input end winding and the number of turns of output terminal winding are adjusted automatically, thereby are made output voltage stabilization on required numerical value.AC electronic voltage stabilizer in the utility model is made of main circuit and control circuit two parts, wherein:
Main circuit as shown in Figure 1, this main circuit mainly is made of an autotransformer B1, its input and output coil is divided into three parts, first is common winding ［ I ］, as a kind of example, common winding has 300 circles, and the voltage on every circle is reduced to 0.5 volt, and promptly common winding ［ I ］ is gone up the voltage that forms and reduced to 150 volts; Second portion as a kind of example, has 140 circles for auxiliary output winding ［ II ］, every circle is 0.5 volt, so it is 70 volts that auxiliary output winding ［ II ］ is gone up the voltage that forms, it and common winding are combined, and form 220 volts output voltage; Third part is divided into some group with it by tap for auxiliary input coil group ［ III ］, generally more than 4 groups, and the number of turns difference on every group of coil, the number of turns ratio between group and the group is 2
n(n=... 1/7,1/6,1/5,1/4,1/3,1/2,1,---, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 ...) as a kind of example, the voltage that forms on every turn coil is reduced to 0.5 volt.Each is organized between the coil and connects by alternating-current switch ［ IV ］, alternating-current switch is controlled its on off state by control circuit and is combined to determine which group coil and common winding, formed total voltage drop just in time equates with the electrical network input voltage value on common winding of combining and the auxiliary input coil, promptly satisfies
V
Go out=(V
Go intoS
Go out)/(S
Go into) (wherein V is a voltage, and S is the number of turns).
Control circuit as shown in Figure 2, it constitutes with following several parts:
First is feed circuit, and it has a supply transformer B2, and the original grade coil of this transformer B2 links to each other with line voltage Vi, and its secondary level output winding tap is divided into two groups at least, and first group is DC power supply circuit coil MN; Second group is sample circuit loop A B, if above-mentioned in addition sample circuit is the instantaneous value sample circuit, can also increase by one group of tap, i.e. R-C coupling phase-shift circuit coil FB.
Second portion is a DC power supply circuit, and this circuit is conventional rectification and the mu balanced circuit that is connected on the above-mentioned direct supply MN, and it is respectively to sample circuit, A/D converter, buffer register and drive trigger circuit required dc supply is provided; If adopt above-mentioned R-C coupling phase-shift circuit, then also simultaneously provide working power to it.
Third part is a sample circuit, this circuit can adopt common effective value sample circuit, but owing in this sample circuit filter capacitor is arranged, so rate of straining is slow, so preferably adopt the instantaneous value sample circuit, as a kind of embodiment, this instantaneous value sample circuit is made of the peak-holding circuit and the zero-crossing comparator that are connected on respectively on the above-mentioned sample circuit loop A B, peak-holding circuit can be mainly by commutation diode, an operational amplifier, transistor and electric capacity constitute, so that the simulate amount that A/D converter is taked is the magnitude of voltage that is in the peak value place in the input voltage signal waveform; Zero-crossing comparator can mainly be made of another operational amplifier, offers buffer register so that the formation data are squeezed into pulse.For compensate in the above-mentioned peak-holding circuit because of the base stage of transistor and the voltage drop between the emitter the error of the input voltage waveform that may cause, can also in peak-holding circuit, increase a diode so that input voltage is promoted a predetermined value.
The 4th part is a phase-shift circuit, this part circuit is taked in order to cooperate the instantaneous value sample circuit, its objective is for the numerical value that A/D converter is taked just in time is in and import the magnitude of voltage that waveform is in peak phase, so be necessary to make A/D converter enabling signal input waveform phase place slightly more in advance, this phase-shift circuit can adopt the telefault formula, but preferably adopt the R-C coupling formula that is connected on the resistance-capacitance circuit coil FB, because can avoid issuable spurious oscillation electric current in the circuit like this, this circuit is mainly by electric capacity, and resistance and operational amplifier constitute.
The 5th part is the A/D converter circuit, and its effect is to convert the voltage signal that electrical network is imported to digital quantity by analog quantity.If adopt the instantaneous value sample circuit, A/D converter preferably adopts the successive comparison A/D converter, and the analog quantity that is preferably in above-mentioned peak-holding circuit and A/D converter is imported voltage follower of increase between the anode, so that play the circuit buffer action and with the electric leakage of the middle electric capacity that reduces peak-holding circuit as far as possible, be that the sampling once more of A/D converter is prepared simultaneously in order to make electric capacity in the peak-holding circuit, input negative terminal at above-mentioned voltage follower connects a discharge circuit, it is by resistance, and electric capacity and transistor constitute.The input end of while A/D converter must have transfers the road of rationing the power supply, adjust the full voltage reference value (lower limit) zero time of A/D converter output by ration the power supply first adjustable resistance in the road of accent, adjust A/D converter by second adjustable resistance and export full voltage reference value (being the upper limit) at 1 o'clock, to determine the voltage stabilized range of this electronic regulator.In order to make the A/D converter working stability and to play the effect that electricity is isolated, in rationing the power supply the road, accent is preferably with a voltage follower.
The 6th part of control circuit is a buffer register, its effect is at A/D converter and drives the effect of playing between the trigger circuit the voltage digital signal buffer stock of being exported by A/D converter, its eight data-signal input pins link to each other with eight data-signal output pins of A/D converter respectively, its eight data-signal output pins respectively with drive trigger circuit in eight groups drive trigger circuit and link to each other.In addition, it is accepted data and squeezes into the pin of pulse and link to each other with the output terminal of above-mentioned zero passage retainer.
The 7th part of control circuit is for driving trigger circuit, its effect is to control the operation of eight groups of alternating-current switchs in the main circuit to determine the array mode of auxiliary input winding and public winding, it preferably is made of eight groups of darlington array, the input end of every group of darlington array links to each other with corresponding output terminal in the buffer register, and its output terminal links to each other with corresponding alternating-current switch.If alternating-current switch adopts a pair of bidirectional triode thyristor by tongue tube control, then should link to each other with tongue tube line bag at every group of darlington array, so that during the transistor turns in Darlington circuit, the tongue tube line is wrapped flow through electric current to produce magnetic field and can be inhaled moving contact in the tongue tube.
Need to prove that above-mentioned main circuit is to belong to basic design of the present utility model, above-mentioned control circuit then designs in order to cooperate main circuit; And in main circuit, also can will assist the input coil number of turns to fix, and assist the number of turns of input and output coil to reach the purpose of voltage stabilizing by the number of turns or the change simultaneously that change auxiliary output winding, but this just need improve and adopt intelligentized components and parts to control circuit, and can expand the function of this voltage stabilizer greatly because of adopting intelligentized components and parts.
Come a most preferred embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that make circuit structure of the present utility model and advantage thereof clearer, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of main circuit of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the circuit block diagram of control circuit of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the main circuit in the most preferred embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of the control circuit in the most preferred embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the waveform and the sequential chart of above-mentioned control circuit each several part voltage signal;
Fig. 6 is a voltage vector-diagram in the above-mentioned control circuit.
Referring now to Fig. 3,, this is the circuit diagram of the embodiment of a main circuit of the present utility model, this main circuit mainly is made of an autotransformer B1, the input coil of this autotransformer is divided into three parts, first is common winding ［ I ］, have 300 circles (representing the number of turns with T among the figure), voltage on every circle is reduced to 0.5 volt, so the voltage that forms on the common winding is 150 volts, second portion is auxiliary output winding ［ II ］, has 140 circles, every circle is 0.5 volt, can assist the voltage that forms on the output winding is 70 volts, and it and common winding are combined, and forms 220 volts output voltage.Third part has 8 groups for auxiliary input coil ［ III ］, number of turns difference on every group of coil, but every circle is 0.5 volt, wherein:
First group of coil is 1 circle, and voltage is reduced to 0.5 volt;
Second group of coil is 2 circles, and voltage is reduced to 1 volt;
The 3rd group of coil is 4 circles, and voltage is reduced to 2 volts;
The 4th group of coil is 8 circles, and voltage is reduced to 4 volts;
The 5th group of coil is 16 circles, and voltage is reduced to 8 volts;
The 6th group of coil is 32 circles, and voltage is reduced to 16 volts;
The 7th group of coil is 64 circles, and voltage is reduced to 32 volts;
The 8th group of coil is 128 circles, and voltage is reduced to 64 volts;
From above data as can be seen, each group coil is 2 with the ratio of other coil
n(n=... 1/7,1/6,1/5,1/4,1/3,1/2,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 ...), the ratio of its voltage drop also is 2, can find further that the rule between them is exactly binary rule, i.e. 8421 coded systems, " power " is accordingly all represented in voltage drop on each group coil, if they are combined together, just can be combined into 256 kinds of input states.The mode that realizes combination is to connect by alternating-current switch between each group coil, each alternating-current switch is controlled by the control circuit that hereinafter will be described in detail, that is to say, decide the output binary code of control circuit and then decide which alternating-current switch to be in the admittance state by the electrical network input voltage, which alternating-current switch is in closure state, thereby which group coil and common winding are cascaded, total voltage drop is just in time equated with the electrical network input voltage value of reality.If civil power drops to 187 volts, then we can make the alternating-current switch of second group, the 4th group, the 7th group coil be in the admittance state, thereby itself and common winding are in series, the series connection number of total coils be 374 this moments according to formula:
(V
Go into)/(V
Go out)=(S
Go into)/(S
Go out)
V wherein
Go intoBe input voltage,
V
Go outBe output voltage,
S
Go intoBe the input end overall coil,
S
Go outBe the output terminal overall coil,
So:
V
Go out=(V
Go intoS
Go out)/(S
Go into)=(187 * 440)/374=220(volt)
Above-mentioned alternating-current switch is 3CTSX-400 by a pair of bidirectional triode thyristor SCR model in the present embodiment, a tongue tube GH and a current-limiting resistance R constitute, the resistance value of current-limiting resistance is 1K to 6K, generally gets 3K, because can make bidirectional triode thyristor be in stable fully conducting state like this when conducting.One of them silicon controlled control utmost point links to each other with the stationary contact of often opening of tongue tube, another silicon controlled control utmost point links to each other with the normally closed stationary contact of tongue tube, every pair of bidirectional triode thyristor all has a common node, this common node links to each other with a end of next coil, two end points in addition of every pair of bidirectional triode thyristor, one links to each other with a of this group coil end, and another links to each other with the b end of this group coil, and the moving contact of while tongue tube passes through current-limiting resistance R and organizes with this group coil a and link to each other.An end of line voltage input end links to each other with a end of common winding in addition, the other end of input end links to each other with the b end of the 8th group of coil, the b end of common winding links to each other with a end of first group of input ancillary coil and links to each other with a end of output ancillary coil ［ II ］, one end of voltage output end links to each other with a end of common winding ［ I ］, and the other end of voltage output end links to each other with the b end of output ancillary coil.
As a kind of conversion of the foregoing description, above-mentioned alternating-current switch also can adopt contactless relay or relay, but its effect is not as the bidirectional triode thyristor ideal.By the way, in this example, bidirectional triode thyristor is to adopt to exchange triggering mode, and its trigger pip is the alternating circuit from the main circuit common winding, with the same alternating current source of main circuit.When adopting the full conducting of such triggering mode, can reduce waveform distortion as far as possible.Every in addition circle voltage drop also can be controlled at 0.25 volt, if the number of turns of each line group will double like this, but the precision of voltage regulation can be brought up to 0.25 volt by original 0.5 volt.Though volume increases to some extent like this, the precision of voltage regulation has improved, and can decide as required when design.
Illustrate again that in addition bidirectional triode thyristor is as the operational process of alternating-current switch.When needs this is organized coil and common winding ［ I ］ when connecting, we can make controllable silicon a end, the b conducting; Otherwise make this group coil and common winding ［ I ］ when separating, we can make controllable silicon a conducting, and b ends.As what will further discuss hereinafter, the silicon controlled conducting with by then by tongue tube control, the action of tongue tube is again by the shallow bag control of the tongue tube in the control circuit.
Referring now to Fig. 4,, this is the circuit diagram of control circuit, circuit consists of the following components: first is the feed circuit part, a small-sized supply transformer B2 is arranged, the original grade coil of transformer B2 links to each other with line voltage, its secondary level output winding is divided into three groups by tap, and first group is DC power supply circuit coil MN, and its voltage is approximately 22 volts; Second group is instantaneous sampling circuit coil AB, and its voltage is approximately 3.6 volts; The 3rd group is R-C coupling phase-shift circuit coil FB, and its voltage is approximately 3.6 volts.
Second portion is the DC power supply circuit part, this circuit is conventional rectification circuit, the bridge rectifier circuit that this circuit mainly is made of commutation diode D3 to D6, the transistor G3 and the three terminal regulator 7812,7912 and 7805 of banishing big effect that electrify constitutes, also comprise current-limiting resistance R16(3 Europe simultaneously), R19(100 Europe), filter capacitor C2(electrolytic condenser, 1000 microfarads), the C3(electrolytic condenser, 1000 microfarads), C4(electrolytic condenser, 470 microfarads), the C5(electrolytic condenser, 470 microfarads), C10(electrolytic condenser, 220 microfarads), for this part circuit can be provided ± 12 volts DC voltage, must make the center tap of DC power supply circuit coil MN obtain-12 volts voltage from 7912 pin 2, the pin 2 from 7805 obtains 15 volts voltage, notes in the circuit in this section 7812 pin 3,7912 pin and 7805 pin 3 and above-mentioned filter capacitor C2, C4, the negative terminal of C10 and C3, the positive ending grounding of C5.
Third part is the instantaneous sampling circuit, this sample circuit is made of peak-holding circuit and zero-crossing comparator two parts, wherein peak-holding circuit is by commutation diode D2, operational amplifier T2, transistor G1(3DG6) and capacitor C 6(1 microfarad) constitute, thereby the positive terminal of operational amplifier T2 makes the waveform that is input among the operational amplifier T2 be the voltage signal through half-wave rectification by commutation diode ground connection, the positive terminal of operational amplifier T2 is also by current-limiting resistance R13(5.6K Europe) and diode D1 link to each other with the A end of instantaneous sampling circuit coil, the positive terminal of operational amplifier T2 also passes through current-limiting resistance R13 and R12(8.2K Europe) with DC power supply circuit in+12 volts of output terminals link to each other.The adding of diode D2 is the error that may cause for the base stage of compensation transistor G1 and the voltage drop between the emitter, this error can reach 0.7 volt in this circuit, just in time input voltage is promoted 0.7 volt in advance by diode D1, diode can certainly be do not added, but precision might be influenced like this.The negative pole end of above-mentioned operational amplifier T2 is by current-limiting resistance R17(200 Europe) link to each other with its output terminal, above-mentioned negative pole end links to each other with the base stage of transistor G1 with the node of current-limiting resistance R17, the collector of above-mentioned transistor G1 by in adjustable resistance R18 and the DC power supply circuit+12 volts of output terminals link to each other, its emitter will with the pin V(+ of A/D converter) link to each other, emitter is also by integrating condenser C6(1 microfarad) ground connection, above-mentioned adjustable resistance R18 is used for adjusting the charging rate of transistor G1 to capacitor C 6.
Above-mentioned zero-crossing comparator mainly is made of another operational amplifier T3, the positive terminal of this operational amplifier T3 is by current-limiting resistance R15(5.6K Europe) link to each other with instantaneous sampling circuit coil B end, their node ground connection, the negative pole end of operational amplifier T3 is by current-limiting resistance R14(5.6K Europe) link to each other with instantaneous sampling circuit coil A end.The output terminal of operational amplifier T3 links to each other with the pin CP of the buffer register ［ 2b ］ that will will describe hereinafter, so that data strobe pulse is inputed to buffer register ［ 2a ］ and ［ 2b ］ (the CP pin of ［ 2b ］ links to each other with the CP pin of ［ 2a ］), thereby buffer register ［ 2a ］ and ［ 2b ］ is opened the door simultaneously.
The 4th part is the R-C coupling phase-shift circuit, this circuit mainly is for after the waveform in simulating signal reaches peak value, provide a signal to start A/D converter work to A/D converter during being in flat-top, thereby make the data of A/D converter output can reflect line voltage peak change situation truly, we also will further describe said process hereinafter in conjunction with waveform among Fig. 5 and sequential chart.
This R-C coupling phase-shift circuit is mainly by capacitor C1(1 microfarad), resistance R 9(20K Europe) and operational amplifier T1 constitute, in parallel with the F end and the B end of R-C coupling phase-shift circuit coil again after capacitor C 1 and resistance R 9 series connection, the node ground connection of resistance R 9 and B end, this node is again by current limiting capacitance R11(5.6K Europe) link to each other with the positive terminal of operational amplifier T1, the node of resistance R 9 and capacitor C 1 is by current-limiting resistance R10(5.6K Europe) link to each other with the negative pole end of operational amplifier T1, the output terminal of operational amplifier starts with the pin WR(of A/D converter) link to each other.
The 5th part is A/D converter ［ 1 ］, its effect is to convert the voltage signal that electrical network is imported to digital quantity by simulation volume, the connection of the pin of its input end is as follows: pin 1(CS), pin 2(RD), pin 8(AGND) and pin 10(DGND) equal ground connection, pin 3(WR) output with operational amplifier T1 links to each other, pin 4(CLKIN) with ground capacitor C8(150 picofarad) with resistance R 24(10K) node link to each other, pin 19(CLKR) other end with resistance R 24 links to each other, thereby constitute an oscillatory circuit, this circuit produces 640 kilo hertzs impulse hunting, pin 5(INT) is empty pin, pin 6(V
IN(+)) link to each other pin 7(V with the output terminal of voltage follower T4
IN(-)) link to each other pin 9(VR/2 with the accent lower limit circuit of an A/D converter) link to each other with the accent upper limit circuit of AD converter.Pin 20(Vcc) with the tantalum capacitor C9(10 microfarad of ground connection) link to each other, and link to each other with the pin 2 of three terminal regulator 7805, pin 18(DB0) to pin 11(DB7) respectively with the pin 4(D1 of the input end of buffer register ［ 2a ］ ［ 2b ］), 13(D2), 5(D3), 12(D4) link to each other.
Need to prove, with above-mentioned pin 6(V
IN(1)) the voltage follower T4 of Xiang Lianing mainly play the circuit buffer action herein, to reduce the electric leakage of the capacitor C 6 in the peak-holding circuit as far as possible.This is because at pin 6(V
IN(1)) in the course of work, because capacitor C 6 might leak electricity, voltage V like this
DInfluence the correctness of sampled data thereby just might descend, so preferably isolated by voltage follower, the negative pole end of this voltage follower T4 links to each other with its output terminal, its positive terminal links to each other with discharge circuit, this discharge circuit is by resistance R 33(1K Europe), capacitor C 7(50 picofarad) with transistor G2(3DG6 or field effect transistor) link to each other, R33 and C7 parallel connection, an one node links to each other with the output terminal of operational amplifier T3, its another node links to each other with the base stage of transistor G2, the grounded emitter of G2, collector links to each other with the positive terminal of voltage follower T4.C7 is in order to accelerate switching speed.
What also need to further specify is, the above-mentioned accent that matches with the A/D converter road of rationing the power supply is such: with resistance R 20(10K Europe) R22(10K Europe) series connection, with resistance R 21(10K Europe) and R23(10K Europe) series connection, and then in parallel with capacitor C 10, the pin 6(V of the node of R20 and R22 and A/D converter wherein
IN(-)) link to each other, the node of R21 and R23 links to each other with the positive terminal of voltage follower T5, the negative pole end of voltage follower with after its output terminal links to each other again with the pin 9(VR/2 of A/D converter) link to each other.R22 and R23 are adjustable resistances in this circuit, and R22 is used for adjusting the lower limit of the full voltage reference zero time of A/D converter output, and R23 is used for adjusting the upper limit that A/D converter is exported full voltage reference at 1 o'clock, and voltage follower plays voltage stabilizing and circuit buffer action.
The 6th part of control circuit is buffer register ［ 2a ］ and ［ 2b ］, this buffer register adopts two 74LS175, be used for driving the triggering back and drive trigger circuit by the tongue tube that eight groups of darlington array constitute, the mode of connection of the pin of the pin of this buffer register input end and A/D converter output terminal as above-mentioned, the pin 9(CP of ［ 2a ］ and 2 ［ b ］) link to each other with above-mentioned operational amplifier T3 again after being connected.The connected mode of the pin Q1 to Q4 of the output terminal of this buffer register is: (be that the pin connected mode is: the forward end of the Q1 to Q4 of first buffer register ［ 2a ］ (is a pin 2 to the forward end of the Q1 to Q4 of first buffer register ［ 2a ］, 15,7,10) with first group to the 4th group darlington array, its backward end (is a pin 3,14,6,11) be empty pin.Just buffer register mainly offers Darlington to high level (1) and drives array so that its dried spring main line bag LH work is got final product.In like manner, the forward end among the Q1 to Q4 of second buffer register ［ 2b ］ links to each other with the 5th to the 8th group of darlington array in the tongue tube driving circuit.
The 7th part of control circuit is that tongue tube drives trigger circuit, mainly constitute by eight groups of darlington array, each group darlington array links to each other with the forward end of an output terminal among above-mentioned buffer register ［ 2a ］ and ［ 2b ］ respectively, and every group of darlington array is by a current-limiting resistance (1K Europe) and two crystal three-phase pipes (is 3DG6, and another is 3DG12) and tongue tube line bag LH and a diode (2CZ21) formation, be R25 to R32 among the current-limiting resistance R(figure) an end link to each other with the buffer register output terminal, the other end and first triode (among the figure G4, G6, G8, G10, G12, G14, G16, G18) base stage links to each other, its emitter and second triode (among the figure G5, G7, G9, G11, G13, G15, G17, G19) base stage links to each other, its grounded emitter.After linking to each other, the collector of first and second triodes (is LH1, LH2, LH3 among the figure with tongue tube line bag mutual and that connect again, LH4, LH5, LH6, LH7, LH8) and diode (be D7 among the figure, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13, end D14) link to each other, their other end and DC power supply circuit output+12 volts of voltages link to each other.In foregoing circuit, first and second triodes play switch and electric current amplification, and the tongue tube line has wrapped in electric current when passing through, and produce magnetic field and can inhale moving contact in the tongue tube, decide those bidirectional triode thyristor conductings in the main circuit with the change contact position.Diode is to electrify to flow in order to turn-off again after tongue tube line bag energising to put to play a protective role.
The working condition of The whole control circuit is described below in conjunction with the sequential chart among Fig. 4.After at first the line voltage input is reduced pressure through instantaneous sampling loop A B voltage is become 50 all AC signal of 0-3.6 volt (peak value is the 0-5 volt), the waveform of A point (the F point is also identical with the M point) is shown in Fig. 5 among Fig. 4 at this moment, and above-mentioned AC signal is as the input signal of operational amplifier T2.Simultaneously from the voltage signal of instantaneous sampling loop A B through operational amplifier T3 after in Fig. 4 E point waveform be among Fig. 5 with the synchronous square wave of A point waveform.And above-mentioned AC signal was carried out half-wave rectification through diode D2 before being input to operational amplifier T2, and the C point forms the signal of process half-wave rectification as shown in Figure 5 in Fig. 4.D point in Fig. 4, be the waveform of ordering from C through the output of the peak-holding circuit that constitutes by operational amplifier T2 and triode G1 and integrating capacitor C6, because the base stage and the emitter of triode are unidirectional conductings, so the waveform that the waveform tracking C that D is ordered before 1/4 cycle of C point waveform is ordered rises, but when C point waveform descends after 1/4 cycle, base stage and not conducting of emitter, magnitude of voltage when so the magnitude of voltage on the C6 kept for 1/4 cycle, until to 1/2 cycle the time, because by resistance R 33, the discharge circuit that capacitor C 7 and triode G2 constitute begins discharge, before event began to second round since 1/2 cycle, the magnitude of voltage that D is ordered remained zero always.In said process, when D point waveform was in for 1/4 phase of the cycles in cycle to 1/2, promptly D point waveform is in the flat-top stage, and A/D converter is sampled, and before 1/2 cycle to second period begins, samples once more for A/D converter and to prepare.
In the R-C coupling phase-shift circuit, the waveform that G is ordered among Fig. 4 is the sine wave shown in Fig. 5, behind operational amplifier T1, and H point in Fig. 4, above-mentioned sine wave becomes square wave as shown in Figure 5.The rising edge of this square wave is input in the A/D converter as the enabling signal of A/D converter.
Referring now to Fig. 6,, for the numerical value that A/D converter is taked just in time is the magnitude of voltage that D point waveform is in the flat-top stage, so the phase place that must make the waveform that above-mentioned H order is the D phase place of ordering slightly in advance, so taked above-mentioned R-C coupling phase-shift circuit, according to the electric current on the elder generation of the polar plot among Fig. 6 supposition capacitor C 1
Direction be forward, through the voltage signal of capacitor C 1
FGThe phase lag electric current
90 ° in phase place, the voltage signal on the resistance R 9
GBWith electric current
Same-phase is from the voltage triangle principle voltage signal on the R-C coupling phase-shift circuit coil FB as can be known
FBPhase place promptly lag behind voltage signal on the resistance R 9
GBAn angle φ is because the voltage signal on the instantaneous value sample circuit loop A B
ABWith
FBHomophase, so
GBJust leading U
ABφ degree, φ are generally 45 °.
Because A/D converter 0804 is input as differential mode, so the signal that is outputed on the A/D converter anode (pin 6) by voltage follower T4 is a simulation volume, but the voltage swing that is input on its negative terminal (pin 7) can be adjusted by the adjustable resistance R22 that accent is rationed the power supply in the road, thereby can adjust the full voltage reference value (lower limit) zero time of A/D converter output, can adjust simultaneously the reference voltage (pin 9) of A/D converter by (adjustable resistance) R23, export full voltage reference value (being the upper limit) at 1 o'clock so that determine A/D converter.For example, the full voltage reference value zero time of A/D converter output is decided to be 150 volts, to export full voltage reference value simultaneously at 1 o'clock and be decided to be 278, like this, when the line voltage input value is 150 volts, 8 bit digital of A/D converter output are to be 0, thereby all whole no currents of tongue tube line bag pass through, and 8 groups of all in the main circuit auxiliary input coils are not all connected with common winding; In like manner, when the line voltage input value was 278,8 bit digital quantity of A/D converter output were 1, thereby all 8 groups auxiliary input coils are all connected with common winding; If the line voltage input value is between 150 volts to 278 volts, increase corresponding numerical value owing to be input to the simulation volume of A/D converter pin 6, then the digital quantity of A/D converter output terminal D0 to D7 output also increases corresponding numerical value, but again because the numeral of A/D converter output is to be binary digit, for example
The electrical network input voltage is 150.5 volts, and A/D converter output is equivalent to 0.5 volt digital quantity, and just Shu Chu digital quantity is 00000001, promptly by D0 end output 1, so the LH1 conducting;
Voltage is 151 volts, and A/D converter output is equivalent to 1 volt digital quantity, and just Shu Chu digital quantity is 00000010, promptly by D1 end output 1, LH2 conducting just;
Voltage is 151.5 volts, and A/D converter output is equivalent to 3 volts digital quantity, and just Shu Chu digital quantity is 00000011, promptly respectively exports 1 by D0 and D1 end, so LH1 and LH2 conducting;
Get final product by that analogy.
The utility model has the advantages that obvious, at first also be to the most important thing is because the new bright original transformer traditional concept of having abandoned of this practicality, adopted binary coding method that Transformer Winding is carried out " power " definition, for condition has been created in the digitlization of transformer, the utility model has replaced originally the input coil number being taked step-type bulk billing system by the mode that the coil number of auto-transformer is selected, and binary codes selection mode also can be synthesized with 8 groups of coil groups the magnitude of voltage of any number, wire circle and volume had so both greatly been dwindled, number of taps and the components and parts of input coil have been reduced again, institute and makes voltage stabilized range and the precision of voltage regulation obtain the raising of the order of magnitude so that economic benefit is significantly improved; Secondly, because main circuit has adopted the binary digit technology, so just for realizing further in control circuit that from now on intellectuality provides condition.
Further specifically, the electronic AC voltage stabilizer of the employing W723 integrated circuit of mentioning in the utility model and the prior art is compared, because the design principle of above-mentioned AC voltage regulator is basic identical with the design principle of the AC voltage regulator that adopts electron tube, be that the input voltage employing is analog, so still must adopt the magnetic amplifying transformer, although other components and parts dwindle or have reduced, but volume is still bigger, and the utility model is because the design principle difference, input voltage adopts digital, so as long as adopt two auto-type transformers and another miniature transformer event volume greatly to dwindle, the simulation volume Input Pattern Error is also bigger in addition, and the range of linearity is little, exceed this scope, namely to produce distortion, and because main coil can not be very big around getting, so capacity is generally at 5 kilovolt-amperes, and the utility model is because main coil can any combination, and big capacity controllable silicon is at present also a lot, so can make capacity does very greatly, as long as within the silicon controlled capacity, this also is outstanding advantage of the utility model.
In addition, the utility model is owing to adopt to exchange the instantaneous sampling technology, so its rate of straining is very fast, generally when extraneous line voltage changed, circuit was no more than a cycle time in maximum, namely less than 20ms with regulated output voltage. Because triggering signal and the main circuit of the alternating-current switch (bidirectional triode thyristor) in the utility model main circuit adopt same alternating current source, so two-way Working stability is reliable during the full conducting of controllable silicon, and wave distortion is little, has reduced electric pollution. In addition, the problem that the precision of all having spoken of in the above-mentioned analysis is high also is an advantage of the present utility model, and in special requirement, precision can also be done very highly.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of AC swiching-type all-electronic automatical voltage regulator, it is made of main circuit and control circuit, comprises an autotransformer B1 in main circuit, its input and output coil is divided into three parts, first is common winding [I], and second portion is auxiliary output winding [II], and third part is auxiliary input coil [III], of the present utility model being characterised in that, above-mentioned auxiliary input coil and/or output winding are divided into 4 groups at least, and the number of turns ratio between group and the group is 2 (n=... 1/7,1/6,1/5,1/4,1/3,1/2,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 ...), each is organized between the ancillary coil and connects by the alternating-current switch by above-mentioned control circuit control, and be in series with common winding, common winding that is cascaded and ancillary coil satisfy following formula:
V
Go out=(V
Go intoS
Go out)/(S
Go into)
Wherein: V
Go intoBe input voltage,
V
Go outBe output voltage,
S
Go intoBe the input end number of total coils,
S
Go outBe the output terminal number of total coils.
According to the described voltage stabilizer of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, only auxiliary input coil is divided into groups, the group number that is divided is eight groups, is respectively 1,2 by first group to the 8th group the number of turns, 4,8,16,32,64,128.
According to the described voltage stabilizer of claim 2, it is characterized in that 3, above-mentioned control circuit is made of following several parts:
A), feed circuit, it has a supply transformer B2, and the original grade coil of this transformer B2 links to each other with the line voltage input end, and its secondary level output winding tap is divided into two groups at least, and first group is the DC power supply circuit coil, second group is the sample circuit coil;
B), DC power supply circuit, it is respectively organized output terminal and is connected respectively to sample circuit, A/D converter circuit, buffer register circuit and driving trigger circuit;
C), electrical network input voltage analog quantity is carried out the sample circuit of peak value instantaneous sampling;
D), the A/D converter circuit, its input end of analog signal is the sample circuit output terminal, above-mentioned A/D converter has the accent road of rationing the power supply, the accent road of rationing the power supply comprises and is used to adjust complete first resistance of input terminal voltage benchmark zero time of output, and is used to adjust second resistance that is output as complete 1 o'clock voltage reference value;
E), the binary digit amount of A/D converter output is carried out offering the buffer register circuit that drives trigger circuit after the buffer stock;
F), the binary digit amount that provides according to buffer register is controlled the driving flip-flop circuit of the running status of eight groups of alternating-current switchs in the above-mentioned main circuit.
According to the voltage stabilizer described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that 4, above-mentioned sample circuit is taked the instantaneous value sample circuit, this sample circuit is made of peak-holding circuit and zero-crossing comparator; Peak-holding circuit is mainly by commutation diode, an operational amplifier, and transistor and electric capacity constitute; Zero-crossing comparator mainly is made of another operational amplifier that data strobe pulse is offered above-mentioned buffer register; Above-mentioned peak-holding circuit connects a discharge circuit, and it is made of resistance, electric capacity and transistor, and above-mentioned A/D converter is the successive comparison A/D converter;
Simultaneously, the phase-shift circuit of the flat-top stage that in above-mentioned control circuit, also has an input waveform that a phase place that makes A/D converter enabling signal input waveform sampled by A/D converter slightly in advance before disappearing; The tap of above-mentioned feed circuit also has one group of phase-shift circuit coil; Above-mentioned DC power supply circuit also has one group of output terminal that required dc supply is provided to phase-shift circuit.
According to the voltage stabilizer described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that 5, above-mentioned phase-shift circuit adopts the R-C coupling phase-shift circuit, it mainly is made of resistance, electric capacity and operational amplifier.
6, according to the voltage stabilizer described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that also having a voltage follower between the analog quantity input anode of above-mentioned peak-holding circuit and A/D converter, in the road rationed the power supply in above-mentioned accent, have a voltage follower; Before the commutation diode of above-mentioned peak-holding circuit, also has a diode.
According to the voltage stabilizer described in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that 7, each alternating-current switch in the above-mentioned main circuit is by a pair of bidirectional triode thyristor, a tongue tube and a current-limiting resistance constitute.
According to the described voltage stabilizer of claim 6, it is characterized in that 8, the alternating-current switch in the above-mentioned main circuit is by a pair of bidirectional triode thyristor, a tongue tube and a current-limiting resistance constitute.
9, according to the described voltage stabilizer of claim 7, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned driving trigger circuit are made up of eight groups of darlington array, and every group of darlington array links to each other the action of the moving contact in tongue tube of each tongue tube line bag control with tongue tube line bag parallel with one another with commutation diode.
10, according to the voltage stabilizer described in the claim 8, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned driving trigger circuit are made up of eight groups of darlington array, and every group of darlington array links to each other the action of the moving contact of a tongue tube of each tongue tube line bag control with tongue tube line bag parallel with one another with commutation diode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87207534 CN87207534U (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1987-04-29 | A.c. switch-type fully electronic auto-manostat |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87207534 CN87207534U (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1987-04-29 | A.c. switch-type fully electronic auto-manostat |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87207534U true CN87207534U (en) | 1988-07-06 |
Family
ID=4822961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87207534 Expired - Lifetime CN87207534U (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1987-04-29 | A.c. switch-type fully electronic auto-manostat |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN87207534U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104160351A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2014-11-19 | 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 | Tap switch |
-
1987
- 1987-04-29 CN CN 87207534 patent/CN87207534U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104160351A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2014-11-19 | 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 | Tap switch |
| CN104160351B (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2016-03-23 | 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 | Diversity switch |
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