CN87204227U - Multipurpose mechanics experimental instrument - Google Patents
Multipurpose mechanics experimental instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN87204227U CN87204227U CN 87204227 CN87204227U CN87204227U CN 87204227 U CN87204227 U CN 87204227U CN 87204227 CN87204227 CN 87204227 CN 87204227 U CN87204227 U CN 87204227U CN 87204227 U CN87204227 U CN 87204227U
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- dolly
- brassboard
- dazzling screen
- base plate
- instrument
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a multipurpose mechanics experimental instrument, which belongs to a physical teaching instrument. The multipurpose mechanics experimental instrument is composed of an experimental board (13), a bottom board (11), a supporting board (12), a moveable or fixed photoelectric door (16), a small carriage (14), a light-shield sheet (15), etc. The upper and the lower faces of the small carriage are respectively provided with a rolling wheel and a slip positioning sheet. The multipurpose mechanics experimental instrument can synthetically do mechanics experiments such as the theorem of momentum, the theorem of kinetic energy, the Newton second law, the law of conservation of mechanical energy and function principle, the side-slide kinetic friction force and coefficients, etc., having strong intuitivism and good teaching effect.
Description
The utility model belongs to a kind of physical mechanics instruments used for education.
At present, in physics teaching in secondary school, when telling about theorem of kinetic energy, the principle of work and power, three key content of theorem of momentum, both do not had demonstration test instrument, do not had the grouping experiment instrument yet, told about with abstract theory fully and impart knowledge to students; Tell about Newton second law, when the law of conservation of mechanical energy and the survey coefficient of sliding friction, adopt Fig. 1 respectively, Fig. 2, instrument shown in Figure 3 experimentizes, when carrying out the Newton second law experiment with instrument shown in Figure 1, demonstrate by two grouping experiments, the one, when external force one timing, acceleration and quality are inversely proportional to, another group is when quality one timing, acceleration is directly proportional with external force, the student is difficult to comprehensively to draw the bonding force vector and equals quality and global concept along the product of resultant direction acceleration, and instrument shown in Figure 1 in addition is during experiment, have only an external force to act on the object, be not easy to the student and grasp the notion of bonding force and Fig. 1, instrument shown in Figure 2 all utilizes the dotted timer timing, utilizes the average velocity of object in certain period of equal accelerated motion to equal the principle of middle instantaneous velocity constantly during this period of time.Ask each spot speed, be unfavorable for the intuitivism apprehension of student instantaneous velocity.Above experimental principle, science are strong inadequately, and the experimental technique repetition of employing, outmoded is unfavorable for cultivating the creative absorption that reaches new science and technology of student.Every experiment is not easy to store, carry respectively with a cover instrument.
The purpose of this utility model is to avoid the above deficiency of prior art, and improve a kind of directly perceived, accurately, be convenient to the student understand vector in the mechanics, make a concerted effort and kinematics in emphasis notion such as instantaneous velocity, the mechanics rule and the research method of grasp system, the mechanics experiment instrument of using that can on an instrument, comprehensively make above-mentioned six Experiments of Machanics more.
Solution of the present utility model realizes by following approach: an end is equipped with on the pulley face places dolly, the cord that strides across pulley is connected with dolly one end draw ring, and the brassboard that the other end suspends a scale pan in midair is connected in one can make brassboard become base plate one end of the nestable base below one 45 ° with surface level; Brassboard one side is installed the polished rod bearing, and polished rod is thereon fastening by screw, the photogate of phototimer can be on polished rod stationkeeping arbitrarily, and post rule in that the photogate homonymy is installed; The dolly upper and lower surface is equipped with four flexible rollers and four slip orienting pieces respectively, a slice or two " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screens are installed or a long anti-dazzling screen is installed on two " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screens by a side of photogate, a draw ring is respectively adorned at two ends, when dolly moves on brassboard like this, to be subjected to gravity, friction force, a plurality of external force effects of rope tension, instantaneous velocity can pass through the phototimer timing, under the wide very narrow situation of anti-dazzling screen, accurately obtains; And by adjusting nestable bearing and mounting or dismounting dolly anti-dazzling screen, with dolly roller being arranged respectively and have slip orienting piece two sides can comprehensively make above-mentioned six Experiments of Machanics.
Design along its length on the brassboard two with trolley idler wheels or the wide straight trough of slip orienting piece width spacing, help the dolly moving linearly.Make anti-dazzling screen pass through phototimer exactly.
The nestable base comprises that one one end and brassboard are hinged, the base plate that the other end and back up pad are hinged and one one end and base plate hinge upwards rotate 90 ° by the hinge center and rest the back up pad that brassboard Zhi Chengyu surface level can be formed an angle in the block under the brassboard.
Be designed to side's boss with the brassboard link on the nestable base plate, thickness equates with the support thickness of slab, and design has four supports that guarantee floor level to adjust screw on base plate, back up pad length is slightly shorter than base plate, on have with base plate and go forward two to adjust the corresponding countersunk head circular hole of screws, back two is adjusted head of screws and is just dropped on back up pad than in the base plate shortage space, helps instrument like this and carries, store, and help the brassboard horizontal positioned.
Embodiment during the utility model is incited somebody to action in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the nestable base has convex square station by an end, have the base plate (11) of adjusting screw on the plate and adjust the screw counter sink with the band that base plate (11) is hinged and can make brassboard thereon fixedly the time, becomes back up pad (12) composition of 30 ° of angles with the baseplane.When back up pad (12) folds, just become a plane, be convenient to shelve reposefully brassboard (13) with the square boss of base plate (11) plane.Brassboard (13) one ends have one and prevent that dolly from continuing downslide side's boss, and this end and base plate (11) are hinged, the other end is equipped with pulley (18), have one on the bottom surface and make the fixing block of back up pad (12), have two dolly linear movement guide straight troughs above the brassboard (13) along its length, one side is equipped with two polished rod carrier bases, and polished rod (7) is installed on the carrier base, and the photogate of phototimer (16) can be adjusted arbitrary thereon position.Ipsilateral posts displacement scale.Cord strides across pulley (18) one ends and hangs scale pan (19), and the other end is hooked on dolly (14) draw ring by hook.Do above-mentioned six experiments respectively as required for dolly (14) two sides is used, design has four slip orienting pieces above the dolly (14); Design has four rolling to roll or to slide flexibly in brassboard (13) straight trough below; And two ends all have hook; The side have can be by photogate (16) two " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screens (15) and two " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen on have a long anti-dazzling screen, they are respectively according to above-mentioned experiment needs mounting or dismounting.
When measuring the coefficient of sliding friction or force of sliding friction, with brassboard (13) frame on back up pad (12), make θ=30 °, dolly (14) is equipped with one of orienting piece to face down and is placed in the straight trough of brassboard (13), dismantle long anti-dazzling screen and " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen, in scale pan (19), place counterweight gently, make it and the pulling force balance of dolly (14) rope, start dolly (14) gently, estimate it and make uniform motion, again phototimer (16) is fixed on optional position on the polished rod, measure the shading time, the judgement dolly is made uniform motion, at this moment records the dolly mass M; Inclination angle of inclined plane θ=30 °, counterweight and scale pan weight are m
1, then can get coefficient of sliding friction u=(2m
1-n)/(2Mcos θ), force of sliding friction f=F draws-MgSin θ=m
1G-1/2 Mg.
Carry out the theorem of kinetic energy experiment, outside the checking W=△ E
KThe time, keeping above-mentioned experimental apparatus adjustment, m adds weight again in scale pan (18)
2, dolly (14) is at tensile force f=(m
1+ m
2) (g-a) and under friction force f and the gravity Mg effect do uniformly accelerated motion, the moving photoconductor timer, record the shading time △ t when passing through for upward fixing " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen of the dolly (14) at S two places, and measure " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen (15) width L, then by instantaneous velocity V promptly=lim (L)/(△ t → O △ t) draw the instantaneous velocity V at a distance of S two places
1=(L)/(△ t
1), V
2=(L)/(△ t
2), outside the merit W that external force is done=and (F-f-MgSin θ), S=m
2GS-1/2 (m
1+ m
2) (V
2 2-V
2 1), the direct kinetic energy increment △ E of counting of carriers again
uBe 1/2 M.(V
2 2-V
2 1), if outside the W=△ E
KJust verified the kinetic energy law.
During checking mechanical energy conservation theorem △ E=0, experimental apparatus is still shelved as stated above, there is roller one to face down in dolly (14), take off scale pan, guarantee that " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen (15) can accurately pass through phototimer (16), allow dolly (14) roll down by phototimer along skewed slot, record shading time △ t and anti-dazzling screen (15) width and the static place of dolly (14) vertical height, calculate Mgh and 1/2 MV to phototimer by static
2, just can verify △ E=0.
During the checking theorem of momentum, brassboard (13) is still by placement noted earlier, there is orienting piece one to face down in dolly (14), orienting piece is dropped in the straight trough, two " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen (15) is positioned on dolly (14) side front and back position, again long anti-dazzling screen is positioned on " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen, make dolly (14) under the rope tension effect, do uniformly accelerated motion, measuring long anti-dazzling screen is the time t of dolly (14) by phototimer, calculate momentum (F draws-f-MgSin θ) t that dolly (14) is subjected to, again will long anti-dazzling screen take off and be placed on the dolly (14), dolly (14) back " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen is turned round 90 °, measure dolly (14) front end speed V
1Otherwise, measure dolly (14) rear end speed V then
2, calculate momentum △ P=M(V
2-V
1), checking
Close.Whether t equals
Checking is during Newton second law, and brassboard (13) is still shelved by above-mentioned, pulls down a slice " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen, and dolly (14) has orienting piece one to face down to be placed in the brassboard straight trough, and scale pan adds counterweight in (19), and its gross weight is m
1, dolly (14) quality is M still, makes dolly (14) make uniformly accelrated rectilinear motion by static, measure on dolly (14) S place dolly (14) a slice of adorning " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen the time △ t and the width L that pass through, calculate instantaneous velocity V herein
1, calculate acceleration a=(V again
2 1)/(2S), then bonding force is that F closes and equals m
1(g-a)-and mgSin θ-f, calculate Ma again, checking
Close=
When doing the experiment of function principle, brassboard (13) level is shelved on the bearing after folding, dolly (14) has orienting piece simultaneously to be placed in brassboard (13) the guiding straight trough, still keep a slice " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen, add counterweight in the scale pan, make dolly (14) do uniformly accelerated motion, dolly (14) is static when initial, passes through the position
The time, record anti-dazzling screen (15) shading time △ t by phototimer (16), measure anti-dazzling screen (15) width L, can calculate instantaneous velocity V here, calculate the merit W that external force does again and draw for F outward.S-fS and the kinetic energy △ E that is had
K=1/2 MV
2Whether the merit W that checking external force is done equals △ E outward
K
Structure shown in Figure 4 is an exemplary embodiments of the present utility model, works as M=235.7 * 10 through experiment
-3Kg, m
1=218 * 10
-3Kg, m
2=50 * 10
-3Kg, S=150 * 10
-3M, L=9 * 10
-3During m, do the experiment of kinetic energy theorem, record △ t=17 * 10
-3Outside the S, the merit W that external force is done=m
2GS-1/2 (m
1+ m
2) V
2=0.032J, kinetic energy increment △ E
K=1/2 MV
2=0.036J, error △=△ E
KOutside-the W=0.004J.In the experiment allowed band, can reach the degree of accuracy of this experiment of checking.This instrument carries out the confidentiality education experiment by the classroom, and effect is fine, and intuitive is strong, visibility is big, and the student has had concrete, vivid, thorough understanding to the emphasis mechanical concept, and has increased the interest of learning new technology, new knowledge, accordion structure, a multi-purpose instrument has been simplified experimental apparatus.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is existing Newton second law experiment instrument (first 106 pages of high school physicses (the first kind originally))
1.---paper slip 2.---dotted timer 3.---dolly
4.---sand bucket
Fig. 2 is existing conservation of mechanical energy experiment instrument.
5.---weight 6.---paper slip 7.---dotted timer
Fig. 3 is the existing coefficient of sliding friction and sliding friction force tester.
8.---scale pan 9.---pulley 10.---sliding machine
Fig. 4 is these mechanics experiment instrument synoptic diagram of using more.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 4
Claims (6)
1, a kind of mechanics experiment instrument of using more, comprise a base, the brassboard (13) of its upper support one one end band pulley (18), brassboard (13) one sides have a time set, and displacement scale is posted in the same side, place dolly (14) above, dolly (14) one ends link to each other by the end of draw ring with the cord that strides across pulley (18), the other end of rope is hung with a scale pan (19), it is characterized in that described base comprises the base plate (11) that a band square boss end and brassboard (13) band pulley end opposite are hinged, and an end and base plate (11) end hinge in addition, inwardly turning back 90 ° is bearing in that the locating piece inboard can become brassboard (11) Zhi Chengyu surface level one 45 ° of back up pads with lower angle (12) under the brassboard (13).
2, according to the described mechanics experiment instruments of using of claim 1 more, it is characterized in that the described time set that is installed in brassboard (13) one sides comprises that one is installed in polished rod (7) in brassboard (13) the one sides two polished rod bearing holes by fastening bolt, and can be fixed on the anti-dazzling screen (15) that polished rod (7) is gone up the phototimer of optional position and is installed in dolly (14) one sides by the tightening of bearing fastening bolt.
3, according to claim 1 or the 2 described mechanics experiment instruments of using more, it is characterized in that having on the described base plate (11) the adjustment screw of four adjustable chassis assemblies (11) level, side's boss has the height that equates with back up pad (12) thickness, has on the back up pad (12) that the adjustment head of screw makes brassboard (13) can put flat through hole on two base plates (11) that just in time avale when itself and base plate (11) fold.
4, use mechanics experiment instrument according to claim 1 is described more, it is characterized in that on described dolly (14) upper and lower surface it being respectively that four roller and four slip orienting pieces are flexibly arranged, and roller and slip orienting piece in twos the Width spacing equate.
5, according to claim 1 or the 4 described mechanics experiment instruments of using more, it is characterized in that having along its length on the described brassboard (13) two stripe pitch is dolly (14) two rollers or slip orienting piece horizontal spacing, can make dolly (14) go up the accurate smooth straight gathering sill of crossing the photogate timer of anti-dazzling screen.
6, according to the described mechanics experiment instruments of using of claim 5 more, it is characterized in that described dolly (14) goes up anti-dazzling screen (15) and comprise by two " ┐ " the shape anti-dazzling screen and of screw retention at horizontal central line two ends, dolly (14) one side and be connected removable microscler anti-dazzling screen on two " ┐ " shape anti-dazzling screen, when needing, and the dolly two ends all has link.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87204227 CN87204227U (en) | 1987-05-16 | 1987-05-16 | Multipurpose mechanics experimental instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87204227 CN87204227U (en) | 1987-05-16 | 1987-05-16 | Multipurpose mechanics experimental instrument |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87204227U true CN87204227U (en) | 1988-04-06 |
Family
ID=4820132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87204227 Ceased CN87204227U (en) | 1987-05-16 | 1987-05-16 | Multipurpose mechanics experimental instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN87204227U (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101236707B (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2010-06-02 | 南京化工职业技术学院 | Active and static friction force demonstration instrument for plane and inclined slope |
| CN103616296A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-05 | 贵州华阳电工有限公司 | Long steel cable tension test detection device |
| CN103971565A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-06 | 山东省远大网络多媒体股份有限公司 | Experimental apparatus for conservation of mechanical energy |
| CN105654816A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-08 | 王义金 | Gravity and friction relationship test device |
| CN106340227A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-01-18 | 刘桐溪 | Integrated mechanics experiment apparatus and experiment method thereof |
| CN106474674A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-08 | 国家体育总局体育科学研究所 | A kind of can measuring acceleration and thrust upper limbs arm strength amount specialized training instrument |
| CN107180576A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-09-19 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of speed measuring device for Physical Experiment |
| CN107689183A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-13 | 苏赫 | One kind of multiple Experiments of Machanics apparatus for demonstrating |
| CN109085116A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2018-12-25 | 河北科技大学 | Friction coefficient tester and measuring method |
| CN111369871A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-07-03 | 沈艳文 | Air suspension ball movement comprehensive experiment instrument |
-
1987
- 1987-05-16 CN CN 87204227 patent/CN87204227U/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101236707B (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2010-06-02 | 南京化工职业技术学院 | Active and static friction force demonstration instrument for plane and inclined slope |
| CN103616296A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-05 | 贵州华阳电工有限公司 | Long steel cable tension test detection device |
| CN103971565A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-06 | 山东省远大网络多媒体股份有限公司 | Experimental apparatus for conservation of mechanical energy |
| CN103971565B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-05-11 | 山东省远大网络多媒体股份有限公司 | Mechanical energy conservation experimental device |
| CN105654816A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-08 | 王义金 | Gravity and friction relationship test device |
| CN106474674A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-08 | 国家体育总局体育科学研究所 | A kind of can measuring acceleration and thrust upper limbs arm strength amount specialized training instrument |
| CN106474674B (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-04-23 | 国家体育总局体育科学研究所 | It is a kind of can measuring acceleration and thrust upper limb arm strength amount specialized training instrument |
| CN106340227A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-01-18 | 刘桐溪 | Integrated mechanics experiment apparatus and experiment method thereof |
| CN106340227B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2022-02-11 | 刘桐溪 | Comprehensive mechanical experiment device and experiment method thereof |
| CN107180576A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-09-19 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of speed measuring device for Physical Experiment |
| CN107689183A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-13 | 苏赫 | One kind of multiple Experiments of Machanics apparatus for demonstrating |
| CN107689183B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-06-19 | 苏赫 | Multiple mechanics experiment presentation device |
| CN109085116A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2018-12-25 | 河北科技大学 | Friction coefficient tester and measuring method |
| CN109085116B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-11-06 | 河北科技大学 | Method for measuring friction coefficient |
| CN111369871A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-07-03 | 沈艳文 | Air suspension ball movement comprehensive experiment instrument |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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| CE01 | Termination of patent right |