CN87101621A - Aseptic filling station - Google Patents

Aseptic filling station Download PDF

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Publication number
CN87101621A
CN87101621A CN87101621.4A CN87101621A CN87101621A CN 87101621 A CN87101621 A CN 87101621A CN 87101621 A CN87101621 A CN 87101621A CN 87101621 A CN87101621 A CN 87101621A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mentioned
container
inlet
thimerosal
sealing
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN87101621.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1007338B (en
Inventor
伊恩·麦克阿瑟·安德森
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BCL PACKAGING Ltd
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BCL PACKAGING Ltd
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Publication of CN87101621A publication Critical patent/CN87101621A/en
Publication of CN1007338B publication Critical patent/CN1007338B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

A kind of method and system of aceptic canning container.Flexible container is disinfected in advance, cover at the inlet of container then and can disclose the film of wearing.Fill head has recess under its outlet valve; Just can be disclosed the film of wearing when container entrance and fill head to fashionable recess covers.After being folded, thimerosal is introduced in the recess, and the outside face of film and the inside face of recess are disinfected.After the sterilization, valve member moves to disclosing the film of wearing, and poking tool is disclosed above-mentioned film wear.Open the outlet valve of fill head, make liquid inlet container.After can is intact, container entrance is sealed, full can again and container good seal is removed under fill head.

Description

Aseptic filling station
The present invention relates to the sterile filling system, be specially adapted to the flexible container made from the synthetic plastics film.
The synthetic plastics flexible container can be used to store and dispensing drinks, fruit juice and other food liquid.For guaranteeing that above-mentioned beverage does not pollute, never degenerates, sterile filling is a kind of desirable operating mode.
Usually, the step of sterile filling is as follows: to carrying out disinfection of flexible container inside and outside, filling apparatus is placed in the desinfection chamber.But, guarantee that it is very difficult that filling apparatus and container are in germ-free condition, the time and the expense that are spent are a lot.
2761, No. 603 patents of the U.S. (inventor Fil Child-Langmuir equation) have proposed the method for the rigid container of a kind of sterile filling: in advance rigid container is disinfected, make encapsulation process with disclosing sealing layer or the film worn then.On the Child-Langmuir equation's bottle placer of this Fil a filling tube is arranged, a sterilisation head is arranged in the filling tube, this pipe is disclosed and is worn sealing layer and provide thimerosal along the axis direction of filling tube, so that the inside face of fill head and the sealing layer of disclosing before wearing are disinfected.
3926, No. 229 US Patent (inventor Si Kelai) have proposed a kind of sterile filling head, and an axial thimerosal conduit is housed on the valve member that is used for beverage outlet in this fill head.Similar to above-mentioned Fil Child-Langmuir equation's patent, after fill operations by the beverage outlet of thimerosal douche can mounted head and the inlet of container.
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of method and apparatus of flexible container sterile filling liquid.
For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of sterile filling and stores the system of the liquid of quality meeting deterioration, and this system comprises following each several part: (a) have the flexible container of a sealed entry, this inlet can be opened and seal up again; (b) liquid-filling machine, a sterilizable beverage vessel is arranged on the bottle placer, it is made up of following each part, that is: (1) but two openings allowing the liquid of quality deterioration to enter or go out, (2) an above-mentioned opening is to be used for docking container entrance, (3) valve members, it can be reciprocating in above-mentioned conduit, to close another above-mentioned opening, (4) be equipped with on the above-mentioned valve member and be used for disclosing the device of wearing topped diaphragm seal on container entrance, (5) elastic sealing device, it forms sealing between conduit and valve member (latter is between above-mentioned two openings), (6) have a thimerosal inlet and a thimerosal outlet at least, they lead to the adjacent above-mentioned conduit of opening that docks with container entrance, and above-mentioned entrance and exit is arranged vertically substantially with the liquid stream that produces; (c) a kind of device of when inlet is closed, the container work being disinfected; (d) container supporting device, this device make the inlet of said vesse and fill head involutory, thereby above-mentioned recess is sealed by container entrance; (e) a kind of device that thimerosal is injected above-mentioned recess; (f) a kind of device of opening the said vesse inlet; (g) thus a kind of valve member that drives makes liquid enter the device of recess and container filling; (h) be contained in and be used for the device of the above-mentioned inlet of sealing-in again outside the fixing fill head.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of the aceptic canning container of being made up of following step: (a) airtight container of the inlet that has a resealable is disinfected (b) and make the inside face of bottle placer keep germ-free condition; (c) with movably pan straddle is mobile with the sealing inlet of container, make it involutory with the outlet mouth of bottle placer; (d) thimerosal is introduced above-mentioned outlet mouth and above-mentioned sealing the inlet between the space in, its flow direction is vertical substantially from the direction that outlet mouth enters container entrance with beverage, and then thimerosal is drawn back; (e) open the full container of above-mentioned inlet and can; (f) reseal above-mentioned inlet; (g) once more thimerosal is introduced in above-mentioned outlet mouth and above-mentioned sealing the inlet between the space in, its flow direction is still vertical substantially from the direction that outlet mouth enters container entrance with beverage, then thimerosal is drawn back; (h) container is moved apart above-mentioned bottle placer.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention is applicable to following this aceptic canning container: container entrance has a catch that can add heat sealing in the one side, have at its opposite side that can to disclose the film of wearing topped, topped film disclose wear the back just can container filling, seal up container with adding the heat sealing catch at last.
Most preferred embodiment of the present invention also proposes a kind of sterile filling and stores the system of the liquid of quality meeting deterioration, this system comprises following each part: the flexible container that (a) has an inlet, this inlet can seal at the catch of inlet opening one side by adding heat sealing, the opposite side of inlet opening topped have can disclose the film of wearing; (b) liquid-filling machine has a sterilizable beverage vessel on the bottle placer, it is made up of following each part, and promptly (1) allows two openings that the liquid of quality meeting deterioration enters or goes out, and above-mentioned opening of (2) is the inlet that is used for docking container; (3) valve members, it can be reciprocating in above-mentioned conduit, to close another above-mentioned opening; (4) be equipped with on the above-mentioned valve member and be used for disclosing the device of wearing topped diaphragm seal on container entrance; (5) elastic sealing device, it forms sealing between conduit and valve member (latter is between above-mentioned two openings), (6) have a thimerosal inlet and a thimerosal outlet at least, they lead to the adjacent above-mentioned conduit of opening that docks with container entrance, and above-mentioned entrance and exit is arranged vertically substantially with the liquid stream that is produced; (c) a kind of device of when inlet is topped with the film that can break, the container work being disinfected; (d) container supporting device, this device make the inlet of said vesse and fill head to closing, thereby make above-mentioned recess can be disclosed the topped membrane closure of wearing; (e) a kind of device that thimerosal is injected above-mentioned recess; (f) thus a kind ofly drive the device that valve member makes liquid enter recess and fills container; (g) heat seal device, this device outside fixing fill head, under.
The present invention is specially adapted to the sort of device of No. 56701 and No. 72699 European patent specification introductions.Here introduce in these two parts of patent specifications this invention as a reference.
Obviously, if the inside of machine, i.e. the inside of liquid conduits, fill head and container can be guaranteed asepticly, just no longer needs the outside face of filling station environment and flexible container is carried out disinfection.Thereby only need the outside face to inlet seal, the outside face and the space between outlet mouth and inlet of outlet mouth to disinfect, and these can be carried out in advance before can.
Reciprocating simple valve member has been simplified the structure of valve and fill head in conduit as proposing in No. 056701 and No. 072699 European patent specification, and valve member works to close beverage outlet and discloses wears film on the container entrance; Sealing wherein is the valve seat of a restriction valve member motion.
The a pair of annular lip seals part (as elastic sealing element) that protrudes from catheter wall is preferably arranged on the sterilizable beverage vessel among the present invention, and between this a pair of sealing member, having a thimerosal to enter the mouth, this inlet makes the ring seal space that is formed by valve member, conduit and two sealing members keep germ-free condition.
Fill head of the present invention can be used said as top; If it is connected to then can be used in the aspirating pump under germ-free condition, from the leak free container, extracting beverage out, its method is as follows: full and leak free container and fill head are folded can, and recess and container closure are disinfected, and disclose Chuanfeng's mouth, the suction beverage, closes ducts.
An importance of the present invention is to have several thimerosal inlets with the basic vertical direction of the beverage flow of passing recess.Best and the annular notch wall tangent of these inlets is so that disinfection manifold forms swirling motion in recess.So just can do much thorough cleaning to surface, the valve head of recess and the surface of disclosing the surface of penetrator and can disclose the film of wearing, its effect is than 2761, it is far better that the middle thimerosal of No. 603 US Patent (Fil Child-Langmuir equation) and 3926, No. 229 US Patent (Si Kelai) is made axial flow.Equally, to take out receipts as side direction more effective than the contrary axially suction that Fil Child-Langmuir equation and Si Kelai in the prior art propose for thimerosal.
Both heat or penetrablility gas can be used to the sterilization of closed container before the can, also electron ray, ultraviolet radiation etc. can be used, or the most handy gamma radiation.Then available hydrogen peroxide of sterilization or steam to space between aforementioned surfaces and outlet mouth and the vessel head.
Using under the situation of flexible container by above-mentioned patented method and since can be outside the collar on the opening topped one deck can disclose the film of wearing, just be easy to guarantee that internal tank is aseptic.And this just guarantees the inner germ-free condition that keeps of the collar.But,, whether to have above-mentioned film cover just unimportant if suitable diaphragm seal mouth is arranged on collar inner end.
Introduce a kind of recommendation use-case of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings.Fig. 1 is the scheme drawing of the container and the collar, and Fig. 2 is the section-drawing of can mouth, and Fig. 3 is the section-drawing of can mouth in the pouring process, and Fig. 4 is the section-drawing that container is placed on can mouth encapsulating method of following time, and Fig. 5 is the planar view of the can mouth that dissects along 5-5 line among Fig. 2.
In Fig. 1,3 places do to add the heat sealing processing at the edge for the upper wall 2 of flexible container (sequence number is 1) and lower wall 4.Under the catch 5 horizontal openings 7 on flexible container wall 2, the collar 8 is housed on the wall 2.Flange 9 heating of the collar 8 are sealed on the edge 10 of opening, and catch 5 partly is connected on the flange of the collar 8.As previously mentioned, the collar 8 can be secured on the wall 2 easily with suitable machinery.Catch 5 is not made to add heat sealing in the face of the side of wall 4 inside faces, but catch 5 is done to add the heat sealing processing in the face of the side and the flange of flange 9.Catch 5 is preferably made by the composite sheet of heat sealing material and non-heat sealing material.
Have above the outer opening of the collar 8 and can disclose the film of wearing 41, this film can also can get on by heat sealing when installing to the collar 8 on the wall of container 2 at compacting monolithic molding during the collar 8.Except that film 41, in No. 4257535 US Patent container and the collar are described.
Filling apparatus is No. 823001458 improved types in the European patent.
Fill head has body skin 20, and a liquid access passage 21 is arranged in the body skin, and this passage is closed by valve member 22.Valve member 22 stretches in the body skin 20, not only plays valve member but also play poking tool.Valve member 22 is just closing beverage outlet when 50 contact with the double seal 49 of neoprene system.For guaranteeing sterile sealing, introduce steam from import 51, in annular space, to keep a positive steam pressure.Steam by outlet 52 rows from the space 53.Poking tool 25 is contained in the bottom of valve member 22.
When valve member 22 is in detent position, liquid access passage 21 is closed, and sealing member 29,30,49 and 50 when guaranteeing the valve member sealing liquid that can not leak.
Thimerosal inlet 44 and outlet 45 fill head recess 46 places that are communicated to below sealing member 49 and 50.The quantity of inlet 44 and outlet 45 is the amount doesn't matter.Make several inlets arrange tangently, thereby make cleaning and sterilizing more effective with the edge of recess 46.It is just enough usually to offer a bigger outlet 45.
As shown in Figure 3, whole flexible container is by being pressed under the fill head body skin 20 by chuck 33.These chucks 33 are clamped the collar 8, and by trap 36 supporting flexible containers, but form enough big gap therebetween, and make flow of liquid cross the collar 8, by catch 5, enter in the flexible container 1.Be necessary to support, to guarantee that fluid pressure can not burst container or burst the heat sealable catch that connects in the can with trap.
Whole operation order is as follows: at first a flexible container is clamped by chuck 33, promote also involutory with fill head, thereby the collar 8 and film 41 closely are fitted in above the sealing member 31 on the body skin 20.After body skin 20 and film 41 posted, disinfection manifold (as steam and so on gas or liquid) 44 entered recess 46 by entering the mouth, and the surface of inside face, valve member 22, poking tool 25 and the film 41 of recess is disinfected.Thimerosal gives off by exporting 45 then.
After sterilization was finished, valve member 22 rose, and opened beverage inlet 21, beginning can flexible container.Keep a positive steam pressure in steam inlet 51 between the outlet 52, to guarantee to isolate beverage.Film 41 is disclosed and is worn in leaning on fluid pressure filled drink process; And because catch 5 can provide sealed-for-life for the full container of can, film 41 no longer needs later.Film 41 also can be disclosed by poking tool 25 before opening liquid inlet 21 and wears by falling valve member 22.
One finishes when can, and valve member 22 is closed at sealing member 49 and 50 places and entered the mouth 21.
This moment, trap 36 was removed out, and allowed add heat sealing device 35 and contact with flexible container, catch 5 is sealed on the edge 9 of the collar 8, thereby flexible container is sealed up.After sealing finishes, thimerosal 44 is incorporated into the recess 46 and the collar 8 from entering the mouth, with thoroughly eliminate on these positions and the valve member 22 and poking tool 25 on beverage.If be ready, also can the above-mentioned flushing of beginning before doing to add heat sealing, finish to wash after adding heat sealing finishing.
After doing sealing, the full flexible container of can takes off from fill head; If desired, can also be at stopper of 8 li plugs of the collar.
Can drive valve member 22 with general-duty aerodynamic force, chuck 33, trap 36 and add heat sealing device 35.Equally, the action of these devices regularly also can be implemented with the general purpose control circuit with control.
Can head in body skin 20 also can be used for aspirating out beverage from the leak free container.If when the beverage in the large-rolume container is distributed into inner wrapping, can enter the mouth at beverage and connect an aspirating pump on 21, disclose Chuanfeng's mouth 5 by poking tool 25, beverage is just extracted out from recess 46 and conduit 21.Disinfecting steps can carry out before disclosing Chuanfeng's mouth 5.
From as can be seen last, the present invention proposes a kind of short-cut method of liquid germ-free loading.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of method of aceptic canning container is characterized by and may further comprise the steps: (a) sealer of the inlet that has resealable is disinfected; (b) make the inside face of bottle placer keep germ-free condition; (c) with pan straddle movably that the outlet mouth of the sealing inlet of container and bottle placer is involutory; (d) thimerosal is introduced above-mentioned outlet mouth and above-mentioned sealing the inlet between the space in, its flow direction is vertical substantially from the direction that outlet mouth enters container entrance with beverage, then thimerosal is drawn back; (e) open above-mentioned inlet and container filling; (f) reseal above-mentioned inlet; (g) once more thimerosal is introduced above-mentioned outlet mouth and above-mentioned sealing the inlet between the space in, its flow direction is still vertical substantially from the direction that outlet mouth enters container entrance with beverage, then thimerosal is drawn back; (h) container is moved apart above-mentioned bottle placer.
2, the system of the liquid of a kind of sterile filling and storage quality meeting deterioration, this system comprises following each several part: (a) have the flexible container of a sealed entry, this inlet can be opened and seal up again; (b) liquid-filling machine, a sterilizable beverage vessel is arranged on the bottle placer, it is made up of following each part, that is: (1) allows two openings that the liquid of quality meeting deterioration enters or goes out, (2) an above-mentioned opening is to be used for docking container entrance, (3) valve members, it can be reciprocating in above-mentioned conduit, to close another above-mentioned opening, (4) be equipped with on the above-mentioned valve member and be used for disclosing the device of wearing topped diaphragm seal on container entrance, (5) elastic sealing device, it forms sealing between conduit and valve member (latter is between above-mentioned two openings), (6) have a thimerosal inlet and a thimerosal outlet at least, they lead to the adjacent above-mentioned conduit of opening that docks with container entrance, and above-mentioned entrance and exit is arranged vertically substantially with the beverage liquid stream that is produced; (c) a kind of device of when inlet is closed, the container work being disinfected; (d) container supporting device, this device make the inlet of said vesse and fill head involutory, thereby above-mentioned recess is sealed by container entrance; (e) a kind of device that thimerosal is injected above-mentioned recess; (f) a kind of device of opening the said vesse inlet; (g) thus a kind ofly drive the device that valve member makes liquid enter recess and fills container; (h) be contained in and be used for the device of the above-mentioned inlet of sealing-in again outside the fixing fill head.
3, a kind of method of the aceptic canning container that comprises the steps: (a) the leak free container is disinfected, the inlet of this container has a catch that can add heat sealing in the one side, has one can disclose the film of wearing in that its opposite side is topped; (b) make the inside face of bottle placer keep germ-free condition; (c), and make it involutory with the outlet mouth of bottle placer with movably pan straddle is mobile with the fully enclosed inlet of container; (d) thimerosal is introduced above-mentioned outlet mouth and above-mentioned sealing the inlet between the space in, its flow direction is vertical substantially from the direction that outlet mouth enters container entrance with soft material, and then thimerosal is drawn back; (e) disclose to put on and state film, and the full container of can, (f) seal above-mentioned inlet by will above-mentionedly adding the way that the heat sealing catch seals the inboard of receiving above-mentioned inlet; (g) once more thimerosal is introduced in above-mentioned outlet mouth and above-mentioned sealing the inlet between the space in, its flow direction is still vertical substantially from the direction that outlet mouth enters container entrance with beverage, then thimerosal is drawn back; (h) container is moved apart above-mentioned bottle placer.
But 4, the system of the liquid of a kind of sterile filling and storage quality deterioration, this system comprises following each part: (a) have the flexible container of an inlet, this inlet can be by sealing catch a side of receiving the inlet opening and can disclosing the film of wearing and seal on the opposite side of inlet opening is topped; (b) liquid-filling machine has a sterilizable beverage vessel on the bottle placer, it is made up of following each part, that is: (1) allows two openings that the liquid of quality meeting deterioration enters or goes out, and above-mentioned opening of (2) is used for docking container entrance; (3) valve members, it can be reciprocating in above-mentioned conduit, to close another above-mentioned opening, (4) be equipped with on the above-mentioned valve member and be used for disclosing the device of wearing topped diaphragm seal on container entrance, (5) elastic sealing device, it forms sealing between conduit and valve member (latter is between above-mentioned two openings), (6) have a thimerosal inlet and a thimerosal outlet at least, they lead to the adjacent above-mentioned conduit of opening that docks with container entrance, and above-mentioned entrance and exit is arranged vertically substantially with the beverage flow that is produced; (c) a kind of device of when container usefulness can be disclosed the diaphragm seal of wearing, the container work being disinfected; (d) container supporting device, this device make the inlet of said vesse and fill head involutory, thereby make above-mentioned recess can be disclosed the membrane sealed of wearing; (e) a kind of device that thimerosal is injected above-mentioned recess; (f) thus a kind of valve member that drives makes liquid enter the device of the full container of recess and can; (g) the heating sealing-in device under being contained in outside the fixing fill head.
5, a kind of sterilizable beverage vessel, comprise: two openings that (1) allows the liquid of quality meeting deterioration to enter or go out, (2) an above-mentioned opening is to be used for docking container entrance, (3) valve members, it can be reciprocating in above-mentioned conduit, to close another above-mentioned opening, (4) be equipped with on the above-mentioned valve member and be used for disclosing the device of wearing topped diaphragm seal on container entrance, (5) elastic sealing device, it forms sealing between conduit and valve member (latter is between above-mentioned two openings), (6) have a thimerosal inlet and a thimerosal outlet at least, they lead to the adjacent above-mentioned conduit of opening that docks with container entrance, and above-mentioned entrance and exit is arranged vertically substantially with the beverage flow that is produced.
6, as claim 5 described beverage vessels, the a pair of annular lip seals part that protrudes from catheter wall is wherein arranged on the elastic sealing element, a thimerosal inlet is arranged between this a pair of sealing member, and this inlet makes the ring seal space that is formed by valve member, conduit and two sealing members keep germ-free condition.
CN87101621A 1986-03-03 1987-03-02 Aseptic filling station Expired CN1007338B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPH485486 1986-03-03
AUPH4854 1986-03-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN87101621A true CN87101621A (en) 1987-12-30
CN1007338B CN1007338B (en) 1990-03-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN87101621A Expired CN1007338B (en) 1986-03-03 1987-03-02 Aseptic filling station

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JP (1) JPH0688585B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1007338B (en)
AT (1) ATE53553T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8701002A (en)
CA (1) CA1294256C (en)
FI (1) FI81064C (en)
IL (1) IL81608A (en)
IN (1) IN170455B (en)
NZ (1) NZ219449A (en)
PH (1) PH26528A (en)
PT (1) PT84388B (en)
ZA (1) ZA871226B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103145081A (en) * 2009-02-03 2013-06-12 克朗斯股份公司 Apparatus and method for producing PET bulk receptacles
CN105151344A (en) * 2015-09-14 2015-12-16 江苏新美星包装机械股份有限公司 Sterile adding device
CN105173146A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-12-23 广州达意隆包装机械股份有限公司 Central distribution device of filling machine and filling machine with central distribution device
CN108969247A (en) * 2018-05-22 2018-12-11 龙仲民 A kind of hospital's injection dedicated hospital bed in room

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH674637A5 (en) * 1987-11-25 1990-06-29 Nestle Sa
JP2007308197A (en) * 2006-05-22 2007-11-29 Cornes Dodwell Ltd Method of filling bag containers with products
NZ556731A (en) * 2007-07-25 2010-01-29 Rapak Asia Pacific Ltd Aseptic packs
SG11201402489SA (en) * 2012-02-06 2014-09-26 Advanced Tech Materials Folded liner for use with an overpack and methods of manufacturing the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1182269A (en) * 1981-08-18 1985-02-12 Wrightcel Limited Aseptic filling station

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103145081A (en) * 2009-02-03 2013-06-12 克朗斯股份公司 Apparatus and method for producing PET bulk receptacles
CN101913549B (en) * 2009-02-03 2015-06-10 克朗斯股份公司 Apparatus and method for producing pet bulk containers
CN103145081B (en) * 2009-02-03 2016-03-09 克朗斯股份公司 For the manufacture of equipment and the method for PET bulk containers
CN105173146A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-12-23 广州达意隆包装机械股份有限公司 Central distribution device of filling machine and filling machine with central distribution device
CN105173146B (en) * 2015-07-23 2018-01-16 广州达意隆包装机械股份有限公司 Bottle placer center distributor and the bottle placer provided with the device
CN105151344A (en) * 2015-09-14 2015-12-16 江苏新美星包装机械股份有限公司 Sterile adding device
CN108969247A (en) * 2018-05-22 2018-12-11 龙仲民 A kind of hospital's injection dedicated hospital bed in room

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Publication number Publication date
PT84388B (en) 1989-10-04
PH26528A (en) 1992-08-07
BR8701002A (en) 1987-12-29
FI870893A0 (en) 1987-03-02
ZA871226B (en) 1987-09-30
NZ219449A (en) 1989-08-29
IL81608A0 (en) 1987-09-16
CA1294256C (en) 1992-01-14
FI870893A (en) 1987-09-04
IL81608A (en) 1991-09-16
CN1007338B (en) 1990-03-28
JPS62208332A (en) 1987-09-12
FI81064B (en) 1990-05-31
ATE53553T1 (en) 1990-06-15
PT84388A (en) 1987-03-01
FI81064C (en) 1990-09-10
JPH0688585B2 (en) 1994-11-09
IN170455B (en) 1992-03-28

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