CN87100750A - The turbofan engine that tangential lift runner is arranged - Google Patents

Abstract

Turbofan engine with tangential lift runner is the motor that is used for fixing wing V aircraft, and its structure characteristic is to have a special tangential lift runner and independent thrust spout.Compare with the turbofan engine that can change spout, because lift runner and thrust spout are separately, so the nozzle efficiency height, and can install afterburning easily and adopt the jet pipe of specific (special) requirements as low infrared radiation arranged, and can place in the fuselage, itself is reflection electromagnetic wave not.Simultaneously, do not protrude the thrust loss that changeed spout caused outside fuselage, aerodynamical resistance is less during high speed.

Description

The present invention is a kind of not only exportable thrust but also the turbofan engine that lift can be provided.

Thereby existing not only exportable thrust but also can provide the turbofan of lift to start to change thrust direction lift is provided by rotating the spout direction.Protrude at the fuselage outer surface and must be installed in the fuselage both sides owing to can change spout, so the spout jet flow must be subjected to the interference of fuselage surface air-flow during horizontal flight, thereby reduce the propulsive efficiency of jet pipe.Free stream flow velocity during the horizontal flight of free stream speed ratio is much lower during the lift operating mode in addition, and efficient is low with free stream velocity ratio is too high owing to jet speed when being used to export lift therefore to advance the jet pipe of design by level.If adopt complicated nozzle structure can improve this situation, but complex structure must cause weight to increase, and poor reliability is particularly one when starting to join four spouts, all the more so.In addition, the also more common turbofan engine of motor inner flow passage turnover is many, thereby its inner flowing characteristic is also poor.In fact, not only interior streaming system efficient is low, and four swiveling jet nozzles that protrude outside fuselage also make the profile aerodynamical resistance of aircraft increase, and particularly when high-speed flight, thrust drag reduction force characteristic will become very poor because of the motor installation question.Simultaneously, because the spout that starts all is the both sides that are arranged in motor of horizontal symmetrical, therefore two total arrangements of being built in side by side in the fuselage sent out in fact are impossible realize owing to the reason of jet size and jet flow, and this layout is many more reasonable and perfect layouts of high-speed maneuver flight of doing.But rotaring nozzle engine can not twoly be issued to put and can't but be a kind of shortcoming, particularly when requiring reliability high.Drop at present practical fixed-wing vertical/short field aircraft all only adorned a motor that can change spout, they are the AV-8B and Ya Ke made in CCCP-36 type of Britain, wherein Ya Ke also is equipped with two special lift engines.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind ofly according to new principle work, must not adopt swiveling jet nozzle, can twoly send out and place in the fuselage turbofan engine that its lift spout and thrust spout independently are provided with separately.Thereby start function can both use special stationary nozzle to obtain the high efficiency under lift and the thrust operating mode except making, also can install afterburning easily and realize smooth aerodynamic configuration, make motor also can be operated in high jet pipe pressure than under the condition and obtain thrust drag reduction power performance preferably.In addition, smooth shape and special thrust nozzle also can satisfy little and special specific (special) requirements such as low infrared jet nozzle are set to reflection of electromagnetic wave face.

The basic structure of tangential lift runner motor is similar to general Low Bypass Radio turbofan engine, as this shellfish 66 of RR and the JT8D of Pu Hui, also adopts the long tube engine compartment.Its main difference is exactly fan except the lift runner different a bit.Most low letters start all to adopt preposition fan than fan, but rearmounted fan is also arranged, and as the TF37 of GE are exactly.In addition, the turbofan engine of Sweden's thunder formula fighter can anti-oar.Then the layout with common is different for the fan that tangential lift runner starts, and it respectively is provided with one group of fan in the front and back of gas generator, and the afterbody stator blade of wherein preposition fan group is a variable stator vane angle, and rearmounted fan group then can anti-oar.Produce the back-pressure that is unfavorable for gas generator work during for fear of the anti-oar of fan, therefore rearmounted fan is sent out device turbine relief opening apart from combustion must certain distance.In the motor of cell cube structure, rearmounted anti-oar fan group can be designed to a separate unit.

Another significant difference of tangential lift runner turbofan engine and common low letter road turbofan engine is to have a main lift runner and an auxiliary lifting runner on the bypass passage casing wall between the fan of front and back, and is furnished with corresponding keying valve plate.The center line of main lift runner is that a non-garden and radius of curvature are from the initial convex curve that increases gradually of lighting, the line of its starting point and terminal point be one with the straight line that is tangent direction outer casing wall garden week, so the tangential lift runner turbofan engine of general designation, its spout is special diffusion spout.Tangential lift runner is controlled keying by a valve plate, this valve plate is the some of casing wall, its similar undercarriage door lid, and only its unlatching is towards motor axle center line direction, close then outwards action, and become the some of the outer casing wall of bypass passage.When valve plate was inwardly opened, itself had just constituted a guide plate of tangential lift runner naturally.

Except that tangential lift runner, tangential lift runner motor also with motor axial position that the tangential runner center line does not overlap on be provided with a cover auxiliary lifting runner, its center line and gas generator axis normal and pass through this axis.It opens and closes valve is the leafy valve of louvered.

When tangential lift runner engine operation during in the thrust operating mode, tangential valve plate is closed, and the positive oar of rearmounted fan is by compressed-air actuated operating mode work backward.The internal flowing state of the through-flow part of whole motor is similar to general turbofan aeroengine, and two groups of fans before and after only having passed through are similar with the interior fluidity energy of common Low Bypass Radio turbofan engine.At this moment, tangential lift runner is inoperative, and the louvered multipage valve of auxiliary lifting runner can move.Open and close angle if control it, then not only can provide downward jet flow, but also can obtain thrust component forward or backward.If open leafy valve when flying speed is big, then leafy valve valve plate itself also can play aerodynamic brake.

When tangential lift runner engine operation during in the lift operating mode, tangential valve plate is opened, be located at the anti-oar of rearmounted back pressure fan of turbine exhaust end, make combustion gas and be pressed into bypass passage from the jet nozzle inhaled air, and before the rearmounted fan in external fan letter road, form a back pressure gradient that is higher than letter road internal air pressure, thereby stop the gas flow jet nozzle in the letter road.And the design corner of the afterbody variable stator vane angle of preposition fan when going to the lift operating mode.This design corner makes the circumferential component of the outlet velocity that flows out the static cascade air-flow non-vanishing, thereby the outlet air that makes preposition fan forms the helical eddy flow around gas generator in bypass passage, and under the formed back pressure effect of the anti-oar fan of postposition, the tangentially spout of lift runner ejection, thus lift produced.At this moment, the auxiliary lifting runner also is opened, and the lift that is provided is used for keeping the longitudinal balance of aircraft.Because the line of force of the lift that the tangential lift runner of motor is provided is not by the engine rotor axis, thereby two rotor switched in opposite of this motor palpus, the lift runner uses in pairs along the aircraft longitudinal axis symmetric arrangement, could guarantee the lateral balance of aircraft.When four tangential lift runner motors were installed on the airplane, the motor of corresponding axial position must symmetric arrangement.The engine bed number more for a long time, its symmetry principle is equally must satisfy.

Tangential lift runner motor also can be simplified to not to be had rearmounted fan or rearmounted fan is arranged and the structure moved of oar just, this moment, motor just can not provide unidirectional lift, but still can utilize the stator blade effect of preposition fan group and tangential runner that partly lift is provided, thereby by the flow in the opening angle adjusting lift runner of controlling tangential valve plate, just can control the ratio of lift and thrust, this operating mode at the aircraft STOL with when needing partly lift in-flight (when for example carrying out air refuelling) by helicopter all use always.

Now having dropped into practical changeed spout turbofan engine compares, little thereby the interior stream efficient height of air-flow turnover when tangentially lift runner motor is owing to the thrust operating mode, and engine tail nozzle can be arranged on tail during thrust work, therefore fuselage outer surface air-flow can not produce serious the interference to jet flow, therefore can obtain higher propulsive efficiency.Therefore the thrust spout is special-purpose in addition, can be designed to have property as low infrared radiation or can afterburning jet nozzle.Special-purpose tangential lift runner also can design to improve lift by higher extension pressur efficiency.In addition, tangential lift runner turbofan engine also can be built in the fuselage fully, so its thrust drag reduction force characteristic is better, also can not expose strong reflection electromagnetic wave because of engine components.

Accompanying drawing is totally two width of cloth, and accompanying drawing 1 has shown the basic structure of tangential lift runner turbofan engine.Sequence number shown in the figure (1) is an engine compartment; (2) be the front fan group; (3) be front fan group outlet variable stator vane angle grid; (4) be gas generator; (5) be that the device hood is sent out in combustion; (6) be rearmounted fan group; (7) be the engine export stator; (8) be tangential lift runner and diffusion spout; (9) be the valve plate of tangential lift runner; (10) be auxiliary lifting runner and leafy valve.What frame of broken lines was lived among the figure partly is that postposition can anti-oar fan unit body.The A-A section has shown the situation that is connected of tangential lift runner and valve plate and motor.Accompanying drawing 2. is control gear of a kind of anti-paddle mechanism, and sequence number shown in the figure (1) is rearmounted fan shaft; (2) be fixing air inlet ring; (3) be the fixing sealing gland tooth on the air inlet ring; (4) be the fixing inlet hole of air inlet ring; (5) be inlet hole on the fan shaft; (6) be the runner that leads to fan blade.

Big change all can not be done in all parts position of tangential lift runner engine. Only have the engine installation aboard can be more flexible, but this to be decided by the aerodynamic arrangement of aircraft. But generally two both sides or two the diffusion spout of tangential lift runner is near the both sides the center of gravity of airplane all when being built in the fuselage layout, therefore, the wheel cabin when tangential lift runner can be used as gear up. Next is that rearmounted fan must have a bigger distance apart from gas generator, produces the disadvantageous back-pressure of turbine exhaust when avoiding anti-oar. Therefore preferably rearmounted fan composing meter is become an independently cell cube, the part of living such as frame of broken lines in the accompanying drawing 1.

Be noted that especially the anti-paddle mechanism of rearmounted anti-oar fan except adopting existing anti-paddle mechanism, can also make of marmem the movable vane of anti-oar fan group, and be anti-oar state when making its cold conditions, the rearmounted positive oar state of heating. Its blade is hollow blade, and has a coolant flow channel to lead to the center flow channels of fan shaft shown in the accompanying drawing 2. Anti-oar controlling organization as shown in Figure 2, when being blown into tempering air in the fixing air inlet ring (2), cooling-air just following current road enters the inside of hollow movable vane, makes its cooling. This moment, movable vane was anti-oar state because being in cold conditions. When stopping to be blown into cold air, fan blade just can be sent out the device heating and become positive oar state by combustion, thereby has realized the positive and negative oar control of fan. If fan is turned to from cold conditions Enter when hot and be blown into hot-air to retainer ring, can accelerate the programming rate of blade, thereby improve positive and negative oar conversion speed.

When being of a size of the optimal design target with minimum profile. The radius of curvature of tangential lift runner center line can be got infinity. Be that lift runner center line is a straight line. Certainly, this straight line still is tangential direction with the circumference of outer casing wall. This can make the engine greatest width dimension be reduced.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of not only exportable lift of wing V/STOL aircraft but also turbofan engine of exportable thrust of being used for fixing.Its major character is respectively to be provided with one group of fan in the rear and front end of gas generator, wherein preposition fan afterbody stator blade is a variable stator vane angle, rearmounted fan can anti-oar, being provided with one pair outside the engine blower letter road between two fans on the casing wall can be to the able to turn on or off valve plate of monoblock of direction of axis line unlatching, and be connected to a tangential lift runner at this valve plate place, also have an auxiliary lifting runner after a while with before the rearmounted fan at tangential lift runner.

2, the tangential lift runner described in the claim 1 it is characterized in that the runner center line be a non-garden and radius of curvature light gradually the convex curve that increases from initial, and the line of its starting point and terminal point be one with the straight line that is tangent direction outer casing wall garden week.But its outlet port is designed to special diffusion runner.

3, be the curved plate that can rotate to the gas generator direction of axis line of an integral body in the feature of the tangential lift runner valve plate described in the claim 1, outside the side bus of its casing wall outside fan letter road is hinged on the casing wall.

4, the postposition described in the claim 1 can anti-oar fan feature be that its fan blade is the hollow blade made from marmem, and have air flow channel to feed in the hollow movable vane.Fan blade is anti-oar shape when cold conditions, then be positive oar state when hot, and the other end of air flow channel leads to the suction port of anti-oar control mechanism.

5, in the feature of the anti-oar control mechanism described in the claim 4 be a kind of device of the central duct blow gas to fan shaft.It comprises a fixedly air inlet ring that has inner groove and be added with the sealing gland tooth in the inner groove both sides, its annular groove has a suction tude of leading to the aperture on surface, outer garden and being connected to outer air feed, fan shaft passes this fixedly air inlet ring, and having air inlet aperture more than 1 at the corresponding axial position of air inlet annular groove, this aperture leads to the central duct of axle.This central duct is led to hollow fan movable vane.

6, the feature at the auxiliary lifting runner described in the claim 1 is that its axis is vertical with gas generator also by this axis.Its opening/closing mechanism is leafy formula valve plate.

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