CN86107997A - Symmetry micro-cone closed and pressed type adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer - Google Patents
Symmetry micro-cone closed and pressed type adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN86107997A CN86107997A CN 86107997 CN86107997A CN86107997A CN 86107997 A CN86107997 A CN 86107997A CN 86107997 CN86107997 CN 86107997 CN 86107997 A CN86107997 A CN 86107997A CN 86107997 A CN86107997 A CN 86107997A
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- speed reducer
- floating
- wheel
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of general speed reducer of transmission that adheres to, and no profile of tooth engaging member can be realized the ultra-low noise transmission, also can be widely used in the transmission that is used as power in the various mechanical devices.
The present invention forms great radial pressure with the way of symmetrical micro-cone closed pressurization between drive wheel, make the oil of the sticking characteristic of high pressure form oil film, and the pressure between each drive wheel is the sealing of automatic equalization ground again, does not act in the supporting.Behind the stand under load, also can shunt all and carry, thereby make speed reducer that higher transmission capacity be arranged.
The present invention has provided design and has made the key problem in technology of this speed reducer, and with examples of industrial applications its actual effect is described.Noise is 52dB (A).
Description
The present invention is according to adhering to a kind of high transmission capacity that transmission principle designs, the general speed reducer of ultra-low noise, this speed reducer utilizes the method for micro-cone closed pressurization, utilize axially that little spring force forms high contact pressure so that utilize the lubricating oil of the sticking characteristic of high pressure that is added in the speed reducer between smooth drive wheel, under high pressure the characteristic that increases suddenly of viscosity makes and forms a layer thickness between driving component not quite and the high oil film of viscosity is realized the power between the principal and subordinate wheel and the transmission of motion.Also used many shuntings and the radially and axial structure of full floating in the train, the impacting force between the drive wheel can seal automatically and balancedly, do not done in to support, also can shunt all automatically behind the stand under load and carry, made transmission have advantages of high bearing capacity.
Owing to there is not the profile of tooth engaged element, the effect of toughness oil film again, direct contact does not take place between driving component, therefore transmission is extremely steadily noiseless, is particularly suitable in the equipment of requirement ultra-low noise, for example the cooling tower of ultra-low noise and submarine etc., for the occasion that does not require accurate velocity ratio in the common mechanical, also can be used as transmitting movement and power, can also be designed to the universal serial speed reducer, for the usefulness of common mechanical coordinative composition of equipments.
Adhere to transmission as a kind of novel transmission principle, the seventies has begun to be subject to people's attention, carried out big quantity research from mechanism and oil product, and develop infinite variable speed attaching actuator emphatically, the prior art of this respect has special argumentation on works " Traction Drive " book of (F.W Heilich E.shube.) and May1974 " MACHINE DESIGN ", on July 20th, 1981 published.The speed reducer that aeroengine is used had once been designed with adhering to transmission principle in the Leuis research center under " Aviation Week Space Technology " also introduced U.S. NASA, the starlike fixed shaft gear train of power dividing type has been adopted in this design on transmission scheme, realized 200 horsepowers high-power transmission, effect is equivalent to gear transmission, and the stable drive noise is minimum.But the practical structures of this speed reducer is not announced particularly realize pressurization how, how to be realized the floating load balancing under the power dividing, and use what material and technology manufacturing to bear key problem in technology such as high contact stress and high-precision drive wheel and all do not introduce.
The objective of the invention is to design the structure that transmission is adhered in a kind of simple and effective realization, comprise: simple and effective pressure method, utilize little spring force only to be enclosed between the drive wheel and not act in the supporting producing bigger positive pressure and this pressure between driving component; For transmitting more high-power and balanced sealing pressurization, designed vertically a kind of and radially all floatable full floating load balancing structure, make drive wheel each impacting force of taking turns energy equilibrium before stand under load not, behind the stand under load, load can be shunted and share equally.Realize a kind of low noise with this structure, the adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer that the common transmission of high transmission capacity is used.
Driving type sketch of the present invention, shown in figure (1), (2), wherein figure (1) is the fixed shaft gear train of the star-shaped arrangement of duplex star-wheel; Figure (2) is a duplex star-wheel 2K-H negative sign mechanism; Figure (3) and figure (4) are respectively their organization plan sketches.
Structure of the present invention all is suitable for above-mentioned two kinds of transmission sketches, existing take the latter as example illustrates structure of the present invention, detail drawing is such as figure (5). Structure scheme sketch is such as figure (4).
For power dividing and sealing impacting force, along circumferential symmetric arrangement a plurality of double-planetary gears, it is fixed that the number of double-planetary gear can be come according to structure size and the power that is transmitted, and is generally 2-6,3-4 commonly used.For axial pressure, wheel a and g are designed to the paired taper cone pulley with little awl, and are respectively in the both sides of wheel f, do the symmetry configuration, as a among Fig. 3, a ', g
1, g '
1, g
2, g '
2The tapering of taper cone pulley should be as far as possible little, be beneficial to can realize big positive pressure with little axial force, but for taper cone pulley energy axial float, tapering should be a condition that promptly the oblique angle of circular cone should be greater than 2,86 °～6,84 ° with not self-locking.
For axial pressure has disposed spring (19) and spacer (26) between a and a ' two halves cone pulley, it is fixed that the structure of spring is come by the space of required elastic force and permission, when structure space little, when needing elastic force big again, available belleville spring is shown in figure (6), general available cylindrically coiled spring in groups, as accompanying drawing (5), the purposes of spacer is the precompressed amount that is used for adjusting spring, makes the elastic force that reaches expection.Wheel a and a ' and spring (19) and spacer (26) all are loaded on floating neutral axle (7) and go up formation a center wheel assembly.
Taper planet wheel g and g ' connect with tongue-and-groove with cylindricality planet wheel f and connect, be loaded on the planet axis (5), double-planetary gear g, after the f assembling, be loaded on the planet carrier (16) with two bearings, planet carrier radially has chute, the bearing of planet axis (5) is loaded in the slide (4), can radially slide to reach the effect of radial floating along chute, each double-planetary gear should join together together with planet axis and bearing, form the duplex planet wheel assembly, and in slide, can make axial float, have only one to be fixing vertically (can not float) in slide in a plurality of duplex planet wheel assemblies, every other duplex planet wheel assembly limits together with the axially locating of a center wheel assembly and fixing double-planetary gear by this group axial restraint.
Central gear (b) is exactly an annulus, directly be fixed on the housing with key or Cock screw (B26), the radial position of each double-planetary gear limits by wheel (b), then locate automatically with the position of each double-planetary gear the central position of central gear a, connect with floating bushing (12) between the floating neutral axle (7) of input shaft (42) and central gear (a), the endoporus of floating bushing and cylindrical have all been made two keys, interior external key be staggeredly located 90 °, play the effect of sliding cross coupling, do not interfere the automatic location of taking turns a.
Adopt said structure, all driving components except that wheel b, radially all float, and central position separately limits (the dimensional accuracy influence of each part self is interior) by b; And the axial position of all driving components except that wheel b, limits by a certain group of double-planetary gear.Therefore, can realize between each wheel that the preceding impacting force of stand under load is uniform, the purpose that the shunting of stand under load after load is shared equally.Full-floating type structure that Here it is.
To use the special lubricating oil of a kind of annular aliphatic hydrocarbon in the present invention as the basis, it is characterized in that: the character that under normal pressure, has common synthetic lubricant fluid, but under high pressure its viscosity increased is very big, makes traction coeficient between two contacts up to 0.095～0.12.The homemade trade mark of this oil has S-20 and S-30; U.S.'s trade mark has Santotrac40 and 50.For trapped fuel, reducer shell has also designed oil sump.
Except that above-mentioned core, this speed reducer also has the similar component of common speed reducer, to guarantee proper functioning.As porous plug and tank filler sleeve (B30), oil ga(u)ge (B12), output shaft (1) and supporting (B9) thereof, oil sealing (B4), drain oil and plug cock (2) etc.For vertical type or big type, also must adapted lubricating oil pump (20).For vertical type, in order to prevent leakage of oil, also be designed to have the structure of spacer (23), make lubricating oil advance sealing part fully, and the lower bearing of output shaft is used grease lubrication in addition less than output shaft.
Introduce below and implement key techniques of the present invention:
1, when the noiseless speed reducer of design, must carry out the calculating of elastic hydrodynamic lubrication, make to meet the following conditions
Hjf
1, Hjf
2The roughness on-two drive wheel surfaces;
h
oMinimum oil film thickness between the-two-wheeled;
λ-Film Thickness Ratio.
Guarantee λ＞3, select the roughness on drive wheel surface with this condition.
Calculating oil slick thickness h
oThe time, will be according to thickness Parameter H, parameter of velocity U, load parameter W and material parameter G, judge the size of contact area bullet change effect and viscous pressure effect, calculate and use Martin (A.M.Martin) formula, road gloomy (D.Dowson) formula, Bu Luoke (H.Blok) or He Libu to rein in (K.Herrebrugh) formula respectively.
2, must select the lubricant oil of the sticking characteristic of suitable high pressure for use.
3, during fabrication, the tapering of each taper cone pulley should machine in a lathe adjustment in same speed reducer, to guarantee the conformity of tapering size.Wherein, the tolerance of central gear a and a ' cone angle gets-5 ', and the tolerance of planet wheel g and g ' cone angle is got+5 '.Measuring the deviation of diameter (big end) for taper cone pulley needn't control too tight.
4, each taper cone pulley g of a plurality of double-planetary gears and g ' diameter may be different, but assemble the back at same axial length place, and the diameter sum of two cone pulleys should be the same, contact with central gear a and a ' to guarantee the while.The way that the control size sum is the same is: during assembling, in every suit planetary wheeling assembly, leave axial clearance between cone pulley g and g ' and the post wheel f, adjust as required then, and check by method shown in Figure 7.Cylindricality in duplex planet wheel assembly wheel f propped up be held on the V shaped iron, dead with two fixed distance, and the dial gauge parallel with V-shaped groove measured two planet wheel g and g ' simultaneously.Require respectively to organize the numerical value sum that double-planetary gear two dial gauges record and to equate tolerance+0,02.When recording size and not reaching requirement, be benchmark, adjust the screw of planet wheel axle head, promote taper cone pulley g and g ' generation trace and move axially, make radial dimension and reach in the tolerance range with the minimum value.
5, duplex planet wheel shaft (5) must have big rigidity, and its maximum deflection should be controlled at f=(0,002～0,0003) in the L.
6, when assembling, the pressing spring between central gear a and a ' must be in compressive state, after each double-planetary gear is seated, and could trip spring.For this reason, in floating neutral axle (7) lower end of central gear a and a ', design has threaded anti-pull head (3).During assembling, with passing through central gear a and a ' with the bolt of going up the planchet piece with spring compression.Remove bolt, trip spring after installing again.
7, central gear and planet wheel should be selected the material of the few high contact strength of impurity for use, for example use Gcr15 through carburizing and quenching, and hardness is controlled at HRC62-65 and requires carries out spheroidizing annealing before the processing, and hardness is controlled between the HB170-200.Quenching temperature must not be higher than 850 ℃, tempering immediately after the quenching, and temperature is 150 ℃-160 ℃, is incubated 2-3 hour.Require its acinous carbide that is organized as superfine tempered martensite and is evenly distributed, retained austenite is a small amount of.After fine finishing is finished, require to carry out stabilizing treatment, to eliminate
Cut stress.
Implement sharp explanation commercial Application of the present invention and actual effect with one below.Figure (5) is the noiseless speed reducer plan that is used for 300T/h ultra-low noise cooling tower blower fan, the performance parameter of this machine:
Power of motor N=11KW
Output shaft torque T=800Nm
Output shaft rotation speed n=126rpm
Velocity ratio=7,8
External dimension diameter phi 360 long 686 is than protoplanet gear reduction
Machine is slightly little.
The dried tower of cooling tower actual measurement noise 54dBA() falls than protoplanet gear reduction unit
Low 6dBA is lower than the design standard requirement.
Temperature rise is not accurately measured.Long-time full load operation defensive position is surveyed unconsciously
Scald one's hand, estimate temperature rise＜30 ℃.
Sliding ratio full load＜0.04.
Cost is suitable with the protoplanet gear reduction unit.
The cone angle of the little awl of this machine symmetry is 5 °.Material Gcr15, quenching HRC60～63.Surface roughness is
Three groups of double-planetary gears are 120 ° of balanced configurations, and the oil that uses is U.S. Santotrc50 or homemade S-30.
The documents of correction subordinate list
4. after the preceding revisal of the capable revisal of file name page or leaf
Specification 1 17,18 ... Tracti-on ... Traction
2 21 ... as a among the figure (3) ... as a among the figure (4)
3 2 2.86°～6.84° 2.86°～6.84°
38 ... floating neutral axle (7) ... floating bushing (7)
3 17 …（B26）… …（B20）…
3 19 ... input shaft (42) ... input shaft (12)
3 20 and the floating neutral axle of central gear (a) and floating neutral wheel (a) between use
(7) connecting floating bushing (7) with floating bushing (12) between connects
The endoporus of 3 21 covers ... the endoporus of cover (7)
6 2 …（0.002～0.0003）… …（0.0002～0.0003）…
65 ... floating neutral axle (7) ... floating neutral cover (7)
6 14
Cut ... grinding
6 21 …＝7、8 …＝7、8
7 1 54dBA 54dB（A）
7 2 6dBA 9dB（A）
1 17 ... floating neutral axle (7) ... floating bushing (7)
1 12 （B9） （B19）
1 18 floating axles (7) floating bushings (7)
Claims (6)
1, the double smooth circle wheel of a kind of usefulness is by the drive train of starlike layout, the adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer that adds the lubricant oil of the sticking characteristic of high pressure therein and constitute, each all makes two wheels with slight taper to it is characterized in that wherein row's circle wheel, and does axial balanced configuration.
2, adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer according to claim 1, central gear (15) sliding sleeve that it is characterized in that wherein making little awl and balanced configuration but have key to limit circumferential position on floating neutral axle (7).Between the two halves wheel, spring (19) and spacer (26) are housed.When axial pressure was big, spring (19) can be designed to belleville spring such as Fig. 6 they (43).
3, adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer according to claim 1 is characterized in that drive train is full floating.Taper cone pulley g and g ' connect with tongue-and-groove with cylindricality planet wheel f and are loaded on the planet axis (5), and a rolling bearing is respectively adorned at axle two ends, and fixing with shaft end pressure plate (H9), formation duplex planet wheel assembly.Planet carrier radially has chute and slide (4) is housed, and the bearing of planetary wheeling assembly is loaded in the slide (4) and can radially be free to slide along groove.Wheel b is directly fixed on the housing, and the radial position of each double-planetary gear limits by b, and then locate automatically with the position of each double-planetary gear the central position of central gear a and a '.Connect with floating between the floating neutral axle (7) of input shaft (12) and central gear a and a '.The endoporus of floating axle (7) and cylindrical have all been made two keys, interior external key be staggeredly located 90 °.Duplex planet wheel assembly equal axial restraint not in slide (4) can be made axial float.Have only one group to be axial restraint, the duplex planet wheel assembly that all float together with the axially locating of a and a ' center wheel assembly and fixing, limits by the duplex planet wheel assembly of this group axial restraint.
4, adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer according to claim 1, the angle that it is characterized in that taper cone pulley is taken as and is not less than 2.86 °～6.84 °.
5, adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer according to claim 1, the taper cone pulley cone angle that it is characterized in that the duplex planet assembly require one to, and radial dimension can reach conformity by the axial position of adjusting cone pulley.
6, adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer according to claim 1, the planetary wheeling assembly that it is characterized in that star-shaped layout is done circumferential balanced configuration generally with the 2-6 group.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86107997 CN86107997A (en) | 1986-11-27 | 1986-11-27 | Symmetry micro-cone closed and pressed type adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86107997 CN86107997A (en) | 1986-11-27 | 1986-11-27 | Symmetry micro-cone closed and pressed type adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86107997A true CN86107997A (en) | 1988-06-08 |
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ID=4803759
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86107997 Pending CN86107997A (en) | 1986-11-27 | 1986-11-27 | Symmetry micro-cone closed and pressed type adhesive transmitting noiseless speed reducer |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN86107997A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114562926A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-31 | 北京福田康明斯发动机有限公司 | Crankshaft oil seal press-fitting depth and jumping detection tool |
-
1986
- 1986-11-27 CN CN 86107997 patent/CN86107997A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114562926A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-05-31 | 北京福田康明斯发动机有限公司 | Crankshaft oil seal press-fitting depth and jumping detection tool |
| CN114562926B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-11-28 | 北京福田康明斯发动机有限公司 | Crankshaft oil seal press fitting depth and runout detection tool |
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