CN86106835A - The ultrasound wave classification of workpiece point defects and elongated defective - Google Patents

The ultrasound wave classification of workpiece point defects and elongated defective Download PDF

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Publication number
CN86106835A
CN86106835A CN86106835.1A CN86106835A CN86106835A CN 86106835 A CN86106835 A CN 86106835A CN 86106835 A CN86106835 A CN 86106835A CN 86106835 A CN86106835 A CN 86106835A
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defective
workpiece
ultrasound wave
defectives
axis
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CN1007933B (en
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奥托·甘格鲍尔
约琶夫·奥塞沃格
费利克斯·沃尔纳
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Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
    • G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/267—Welds
    • G01N2291/2675—Seam, butt welding

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of with ultrasound wave to the weld seam crack method of classifying on thickness uniform in-plane workpiece or the arc workpiece and in the workpiece, promptly the workpiece that hand inspection is in advance crossed estimates that defective part carries out systems inspection.The concrete practice is to produce B-scan with the ultrasonic echo imaging method in each sectional plane, change the position of sensor device on workpiece, and/or change transmit direction, considering to calculate on the basis of the reflection that may occur on the workpiece rear side ultrasound wave time delay on the direction back and forth in workpiece, determine the position of defective again with this.Utilize this method can distinguish the combination of volume type defective, planar defect and these defectives.

Description

The ultrasound wave classification of workpiece point defects and elongated defective
The invention relates to a kind of with ultrasound wave to the crack in the workpiece, particularly on known flat components of thick layer or the arc part weld seam and the crack in the weld seam, the method of classifying, in the method, workpiece or its are estimated that the system test carried out respectively at crannied position (in case of necessity, advanced pedestrian worker checks or mechanical verification) realization be in each cross sectional planes, to produce the cross section by using ultrasound ripple echo-image method to scan or B-scan, change the position of converting means on workpiece, and/or change transmit direction, calculating can reflectible time delay again, determines the position of defective with this.
Using ultrasound ripple method has had considerable time in the nondestructive test of material, semi-manufacture and finished product.The expression on cathode-ray tube (CRT) about ultrasonic echo imaging method and assay can have the possibility of a-scan (linear sweep) or B-scan.In a-scan, the X skew of cathode-ray tube (CRT) begins simultaneously with sound pulse, the echo intensity that is received causes Y skew, thereby makes on the sign abscissa of screen and the information of relevant time delay occurs, thereby knows the distance between reflecting body position and the emitter position.B-scan can demonstrate the surface of being checked a certain cross section of object, and wherein each reflecting body adds lustre with trace and represents.In the latter case, to the analysis of image entirely with observer's experience.
The purpose of the examination and test of products in the production run, or the purpose that each machine part in using is tested, be that requirement provides all data, these data or as when delivery to the regulation foundation that the product specification of standard estimates of receiving, or as continuing to use the foundation of estimating to certain part of machine or factory is whether suitable.The major advantage of ultrasonic technology is to detect reliably, and determines the position of the internal fissure of material, although be subjected to certain restriction on classification, but can estimate the size in crack satisfactorily; The shortcoming of past ultrasonic testing then is qualitative aspect, promptly to the explanation aspect of the relevant crack of dry type.Along with safety requirements is grown with each passing day and production run in examination and test of products activity, particularly frequent day by day to the parts that bear top load such as high pressure line, bridge truss etc. and check activity that device carries out, the type of distinguishing the crack particular importance that just becomes.
If can clearly classify to the type in crack, then can more properly estimate the influence of defective on the one hand to structure, on the other hand, under many occasions, particularly involve under the occasion of respectively installing regular routine inspection in service, when can draw or under which kind of condition, can occur the interrelated data of defective etc. thus.
The method of the ultrasonic flaw detection examining workpieces that Deutsches Reichs-Patent DE-PS3236017 proposes attempts clearly to demonstrate the shape of defective in the material.This method has adopted combined ultrasonic sensor clock array, thereby can distinguish the above-mentioned array of periodic variation, and ultrasonic signal is sent in the workpiece, detect the time delay and the corresponding wave amplitude of reflecting body on the signal arrival defect profile then, and this time and wave amplitude are stored.Time delay that possible position produced and corresponding wave amplitude system at the location of cracks of estimating are stored in the second memory, during storage only in the maximal value write store.The result who detects is presented on the image display apparatus with the form (the close poly-form of reflection spot) of Luminance Distribution, and which is a major defect as can be seen from display screen, and which defective can be ignored.Adopt this known method can know that the data of acquisition is, which place workpiece has discontinuous, and which the geometric configuration of the defective that this discontinuous part is represented has is to be produced by measured reflection spot.As for the type of defective,, have no way of obtaining data about defect type owing to lack the data relevant with the workpiece manufacturing technology.
The another kind of sorting technique of defective is seen " evaluation of material " magazine in the welded plate, and the 42nd volume, the 433rd to 438 page and 443 pages, is entitled as the article of " use classified in the crack in the welded plate by the multidimensional criterion of characteristics " at the 4th phase.This method is in the position that continuously changes ultrasonic sensor, or signal transmission direction (angle of shock) time, the wave amplitude of record ultrasonic echo, or the relation of the amplitude that draws by the echo wave amplitude of record and one of them variable or and ultrasonic sensor, reflecting body position between the relation of time delay.According to climbing speed or the fall off rate of echo wave amplitude, can draw some conclusion with regard to the type (for example, crackle, hole or slag) of defective on forward position, reflecting body both sides and edge, back.During the check weld seam, for utilizing the data of measuring objectively, need know the geometric configuration of weld seam, the processing procedure of not so treating determination data can become complicated.Therefore, for example, check some pair of V-shaped weld, section of weld joint can be divided into four districts, four data to be determined of regulation in this four district.In this case, can correctly identify 75% or above defective.Estimate crannied position (its width must be known in advance) with this known method check, can define zero defect and exist, and identify the type of general defective.Also there is not at present to show the image reconstruction of any kind of crack district width.
An object of the present invention is to provide the method for being classified in the crack in the workpiece, promptly, in advance survey workpiece on demand and estimate to estimate fixed defective with the defective graphic interpretation after the crannied position, demonstrate defective among the figure in size and the position selected on the cross section with artificial method.On addressing the above problem, method of the present invention has following feature: in the input structure parameter, after the concrete test condition of welding condition and parts, by means of the draw image of rejected region of robot calculator, in this image, at least one position with predetermined quantity reflection spot, be closed curve (particularly quafric curve) institute on every side around, and calculate the angular direction of preferential axis (particularly long axis of ellipse line) with respect to frame of reference (promptly so-called orientation) with regard to this closed curve, the axis ratio of defective or the slenderness ratio and the center of defective, orientation point from being measured again, detect the path difference of two reflection spots respect to one another on the defective, and logically with the axis ratio, path difference, orientation, the flaw height of center and protrusion and welding condition and structural parameters connect and consider on the basis of defective locations, distinguish various volume type defective, the various combination mode of planar defect and these defectives.
The above-mentioned measurement of applied in any combination, not only can distinguish, for example, crackle, hole and slag, and close poly-all reflection spots are enclosed with closed curve (normally ellipse), can also recognize scope, position and the orientation of defective from the general profile of defective at a glance.
The method that further finds out according to the present invention, for from different sides in economical and practical mode with the defective on the ultrasonic scanning workpiece, parameter according to the closed curve of having measured, the angular direction of transverse particularly, two positions of having stipulated the placement sensor device in addition are with the mensuration path difference, thus the thickness of definite defective.
In order to engage in the dialogue to distinguish different volume type defectives, the different planar disfigurements and the various combination of these defectives, preferably measure the characterisitic parameter of quafric curve, for example, the ratio of long axis length, minor axis length, two axial lines, major axis is with respect to the degree of tilt on test plane, and measure defined the coordinate system center the position and project to the full-size of the quafric curve on vertical respectively and a plane that is parallel to testing surface.
Read following explanation with reference to accompanying drawing and can be more readily understood content of the present invention, in the accompanying drawing,
Fig. 1 is the sectional view that connects a weld seam of two flat boards, and as we can see from the figure, it is by different transmit direction (projectional angle) emission that ultrasonic testing is transmitted into ultrasound wave that weld seam gets on successively;
Fig. 2 is inspection process figure;
Fig. 3 is the basic structure of diagnostic software.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view that connects sheet metal 1 and 2 with two V font weld seams 3.A defective 4 is arranged in the weld seam 3.The ultrasound wave beam 5 directly scan defective 4 by different directions 6 at episphere from the sheet metal front side, and at lower semisphere from sheet metal front 5 by different direction 7 in rear side 8(half saltus step) also scan defective 4 after reflecting.Can select beam direction 9 in addition for use, measure the bee-line between defective 4 and the front side 5 by this perpendicular to the front side.
The reviewer can see " scene " discrete on the section of weld joint image from image display apparatus.Except that the defective that can demonstrate in the sectional plane, also can combine some these class sectional planes to show this defective in case of necessity.Defective mainly is orientated in the computation process afterwards determines that evaluation result with discrete " scene " is a foundation.In image, totally the representing of all reflecting bodys with some image fields, these image fields be later on secondary closure curve (being generally oval) institute around.
Sample work piece and when device, their beginnings of needs assessment whether can with or whether can continue later on to use.Therefore when the type of description defect, orientation and shape, interrelated data is the more the better.When estimating the applicability of certain parts, except that all parameters of defective, also should consider other specific targets.In addition, the position of defective and probability density all are the problems that should take on the orientation in the cross section, the position in the cross section, the parts.The safety factor of material property, stress, condition of work and regulation when using etc. all is to determine the decisive foundation of workpiece applicability.The empirical value relevant with operating characteristic also is the problem that should add consideration.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of robot calculator non-productive operation method.Number of steps wherein can make alterations on request.Here diagnostic procedure can be performed until, for example, can distinguish the stage of plane and volume type defective.In the time of need further be distinguished said two types, can set up some deciding step in addition, thereby the ability of a certain check problem of this method flexible adaptation is very strong.
In real work, before the process flow diagram by Fig. 2 carries out the systematicness inspection, should carry out so-called hand inspection earlier.This is the general survey that the known artificial inspection machine of usefulness carries out, does obtain the interrelated data of routine content under comprising with two or more angle probes (its transducer angle is usually between 35 and 70 degree): having in the workpiece or on the workpiece deny any crack during check? the position in crack? does the inspection specification that these cracks conform with any regulation require? or fail clearly certainly; Thereby need carry out further that systematicness is checked etc.The auxiliary check of robot calculator is from exploring and polling routine, should determine the position of all defectives of finding when the hand inspection by this program, and should export the interrelated data of defect characteristic.By these a series of checking procedures, people's ability (for example, professional technique and experience) and equipment (robot calculator) are combined, to improve ultrasonic testing result's qualitative analysis.This best basic structure of checking used diagnostic software as shown in Figure 3.
Ambiguous situation when method of the present invention is specially adapted to estimate the quality of parts and device or applicability. The conversational mode guiding testing crew that its role is to be undertaken by certain procedures is found out judgement, and objectively all required data of testing crew is processed and edited. In dialogue, should select which type of input, now and pass by equally, remain testing crew to be grasped voluntarily according to the principle of hand inspection, professional technique and the experience of really testing personnel can be played a role fully.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of with ultrasound wave to workpiece (1,2) crack in, particularly to the known flat components of thick layer or arc part weld seam (3) is gone up and weld seam (3) in defective, the method of classifying, promptly, work or its are estimated that crannied position carries out the check of system (advanced in case of necessity pedestrian worker check or mechanical verification) respectively, the concrete practice is that using ultrasound ripple echo method produces cross section scanning or B-scan in each cross sectional planes, change sensor device (6,7,9) position on workpiece also/or change transmit direction, calculate the time delay of issuable reflection again, determine the position of defective with this, this method has following feature: in the input structure parameter, after the concrete test condition of welding condition and workpiece, draw the image of rejected region by means of robot calculator, in this image, at least one position with predetermined quantity reflection spot, be closed curve (particularly quafric curve) institute on every side around, and calculate the angular direction of preferential axis (particularly long axis of ellipse) with respect to frame of reference (being so-called alignment system) with regard to this closed curve, the axis ratio of defective or the slenderness ratio and the center of defective, orientation point from being measured again, detect the path difference of two reflection spots respect to one another on the defective, and logically with the axis ratio, path difference, orientation, the flaw height of center and protrusion and welding condition and structural parameters connect and consider on the basis of defective locations, distinguish various volume type defective (4), the various combination mode of planar disfigurement and these defectives.
2, as the said method of claim 1, it is characterized in that,, stipulated two positions of placement sensor device in addition according to the angular direction of the parameter of the closed curve of having measured, particularly transverse, with the mensuration path difference, thus the thickness of definite defective (4).
3, as claim 1 or 2 said methods, it is characterized in that, in order to carry out man-machine conversation to distinguish different volume type defectives, different planar disfigurement and the various combination of these defectives, measured the characterisitic parameter of quafric curve, for example, the ratio of long axis length, minor axis length, two axial lines, main axis is with respect to the degree of tilt on test plane, and measure the coordinate system center of defined the position, project to vertical respectively and be parallel to the full-size of quafric curve on a plane of testing surface.
CN86106835A 1985-10-03 1986-10-02 Method for sorting out point flaws from slender ones in workpiece by the use of ultrasonic wave Expired CN1007933B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA2866/85 1985-10-03
AT2866/85A AT391210B (en) 1985-10-03 1985-10-03 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TYPE OF DOT-SHAPED AND LENGTH-EXTENDED INDIVIDUAL ERRORS IN WORKPIECES BY MEANS OF ULTRASOUND

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CN86106835A true CN86106835A (en) 1987-07-08
CN1007933B CN1007933B (en) 1990-05-09

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CN86106835A Expired CN1007933B (en) 1985-10-03 1986-10-02 Method for sorting out point flaws from slender ones in workpiece by the use of ultrasonic wave

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US (1) US4744250A (en)
EP (1) EP0217783B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6291856A (en)
CN (1) CN1007933B (en)
AT (2) AT391210B (en)
CA (1) CA1270940A (en)
DE (1) DE3683115D1 (en)
SU (1) SU1662359A3 (en)

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CN101477065B (en) * 2009-01-08 2011-02-09 西安电子科技大学 IC defect classification method based on defect boundary value change frequency
CN105424818A (en) * 2014-05-30 2016-03-23 奥林巴斯科技美国公司 System and method of dynamic gating in non-destructive weld inspection
CN105987950A (en) * 2015-03-18 2016-10-05 富士重工业株式会社 Ultrasonic test system, ultrasonic test method and method of manufacturing aircraft part
CN106525966A (en) * 2016-09-22 2017-03-22 中北大学 Axial symmetry workpiece ellipse-like defect reconstruction method
CN108700556A (en) * 2016-02-29 2018-10-23 通力股份公司 The ultrasonography monitoring of the rope of lifting device
CN111189927A (en) * 2020-01-21 2020-05-22 岭澳核电有限公司 Nuclear power station rotor weld quality detection device

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DE102006027956A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Ge Inspection Technologies Gmbh Ultrasonic tester with array probes
CA2593894C (en) 2006-12-01 2016-11-08 Roentgen Technische Dienst B.V. A method for configuring an array of transducers in an ultrasonic test apparatus
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DE102008002450B4 (en) * 2008-04-11 2022-06-23 Waygate Technologies Usa, Lp Method for the non-destructive testing of a test object using ultrasound and device for this
US8215173B2 (en) * 2008-08-05 2012-07-10 Roger Spencer UT method of identifying a stuck joint
WO2012154954A2 (en) 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Edison Welding Institute, Inc. Three-dimensional matrix phased array spot weld inspection system
EP2541243A1 (en) * 2011-07-01 2013-01-02 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Non destructive testing apparatus and method using ultrasound imaging
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CN104237376B (en) * 2014-08-29 2017-05-31 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 A kind of blank defects in ultrasonic testing positioning and quantitative method
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CN101477065B (en) * 2009-01-08 2011-02-09 西安电子科技大学 IC defect classification method based on defect boundary value change frequency
CN105424818A (en) * 2014-05-30 2016-03-23 奥林巴斯科技美国公司 System and method of dynamic gating in non-destructive weld inspection
CN105424818B (en) * 2014-05-30 2018-09-18 奥林巴斯科技美国公司 The system and method for dynamic gating in non-destructive weld examination
CN105987950A (en) * 2015-03-18 2016-10-05 富士重工业株式会社 Ultrasonic test system, ultrasonic test method and method of manufacturing aircraft part
US10481131B2 (en) 2015-03-18 2019-11-19 Subaru Corporation Ultrasonic test system, ultrasonic test method and method of manufacturing aircraft part
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CN106525966A (en) * 2016-09-22 2017-03-22 中北大学 Axial symmetry workpiece ellipse-like defect reconstruction method
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Publication number Publication date
ATA286685A (en) 1990-02-15
DE3683115D1 (en) 1992-02-06
JPS6291856A (en) 1987-04-27
ATE70915T1 (en) 1992-01-15
EP0217783B1 (en) 1991-12-27
CN1007933B (en) 1990-05-09
SU1662359A3 (en) 1991-07-07
EP0217783A2 (en) 1987-04-08
EP0217783A3 (en) 1989-05-31
AT391210B (en) 1990-09-10
CA1270940A (en) 1990-06-26
US4744250A (en) 1988-05-17

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