CN86106480A - Ultra-thin cutting tool - Google Patents
Ultra-thin cutting tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN86106480A CN86106480A CN86106480.1A CN86106480A CN86106480A CN 86106480 A CN86106480 A CN 86106480A CN 86106480 A CN86106480 A CN 86106480A CN 86106480 A CN86106480 A CN 86106480A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of superthin structure metal cutting tool with ultra-thin blade, its tool clearance is a zero degree, and its blade thickness is 0.2～2.5 millimeter, and the overhang that this blade is overhung at outside the edge bearing is 0.1～0.4 of this blade thickness.Owing to adopt ultra-thin blade, improved the bearing capacity of blade itself significantly, cutter life is enhanced about more than once, and simultaneously, blade material consumption reduces more than 80%, because the relief angle of cutter is a zero degree, traditional three dimensions Tool Design is reduced to the two dimensional surface design, and it is easy that cutter is made, and the accuracy of manufacture increases substantially, Tool in Cutting efficient significantly improves, the economic benefit highly significant.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of superthin structure metal cutting tool with ultra-thin blade.
As everyone knows, the cutting ability of metal cutting tool depends on tool structure parameter, cutter material and their manufacturing process thereof.Perfect Tool Design should be tried to achieve the matched well of their three aspects.Intensity and wearability are conflicting in the existing cutter material performance, fail so far to solve, and solve also is very difficult technical problem.But cutter performance requirement cutter material itself will possess intensity and the wearability excellent performance of holding concurrently.On material composition and manufacturing process, still can not solve this a pair of contradiction at present, should solve from other approach.Existing cutter structure all belongs to three-D space structure (referring to the cutting edge part), and method for designing also is the method for three dimensions design, and this method is little to simple Tool Design problem, complicated, forming tool are just seemed too numerous and diverse, and the processing and manufacturing difficulty is very big.In addition, cutter material is all very expensive, and the element China that has is very scarce, thereby also has the problem of an economical with materials.
In recent years, a kind of " lug type " hard alloy cutter (see " external carbide alloy " magazine that Chinese Zhuzhou Hard Alloy Plant edits and publishes 1985 the 2nd phase the 54th～61 page) has been invented by GE, in the machining of titanium alloy product, improved cutter life significantly, can use 3～5 times can obtain very high processing fineness to cutting speed of routine And, it is characterized in that: make wide 0.4～1.27 millimeter at common indexable insert tip, throw away tip upper edge front cutting edge, protrude about 0.75～1.5 a millimeter cantilever sideband of cutter blade, make cutter continue to keep its cutting power by the what is called " contrary wearing and tearing are from sharp " that produces by atomic thin tipping.But this cutter has significant limitation, be that it only is applicable to that cutting depth overhangs scope with interior straight-cut And and along with the rapid wearing of cutter at " lug ", the timely position of compensation cutter, otherwise tapering (perhaps gradient) can appear in machined surface.In addition, the structure of this cutter and method for designing are not broken away from three-dimensional scope yet, more consider to utilize tool structure parameter to improve the stress state of Tool in Cutting part after stressed, thereby improve the strength problem of cutter.Therefore, the problem of unresolved aforementioned existence still.
Purpose of the present invention is researched and developed a kind of metal cutting tool (abbreviation ultra-thin cutting tool) with superthin structure feature, exactly to solve the aforementioned problem that exists.
Design of the present invention: the design main points that are divided into following three aspects are summarized in total design:
1. the application of plate theory
When the amount of deflection of thin plate during much smaller than this gauge of sheet, its inside is compressive stress state.Blade is made ultrathin blade, its back is restricted with contacting of work piece; The stress in Tool in Cutting district will be more complete three dimension stress state, thereby can increase substantially the bearing capacity of cutter.Therefore, blade is made ultrathin blade, concerning the wearability height of modern cutter material and the low characteristic of tensile strength, be very favourable.
2. the proposition of equivalent relief angle notion and zero degree relief angle
Cutter will produce wearing and tearing eventually in working angles, because the existence of this worn area is not worked cutter tool And under the condition of desirable relief angle, but have an equivalent relief angle that conforms to the actual cut state, along with the increase of wear extent, equivalent relief angle gradually becomes zero degree.Can draw an important notion thus, promptly,, also can normally use even tool clearance is designed to zero degree as long as the cutter back is limited within the specific limits with contacting of workpiece.
3. the proposition of cutter two dimensional surface method for designing
In tool clearance is under the condition of zero degree, just Tool Design can be become the two dimensional surface design by traditional three dimensions design simplification.This especially will be benefited greatly in the design of shaping complex cutting tool, simplify the manufacturing of cutter simultaneously and alleviate difficulty of processing.
The present invention just is based on that aforementioned total design finishes, and its technical essential is as follows:
1. ultra-thin blade thickness and be overhung at the determining of overhang of rigidity edge bearing.
The definite of ultra-thin blade thickness must follow two principle, the first is according to the plate theory in the Elasticity, blade is made its thickness ultra-thin blade more much smaller than its other sizes, make its its internal stress under the effect of cutting force be compressive stress state, help improving the bearing capacity of ultra-thin blade; It two is to consider that this kind cutter allows the maximum of wearing and tearing.So the thickness of ultra-thin blade should be chosen in 0.2～2.5 millimeter scope.
Ultra-thin blade is overhung at the definite flexural deformation (being commonly referred to amount of deflection) that must follow the thin plate generation of plate theory in the Elasticity of the overhang of rigidity edge bearing should consider the intensity of cutting edge simultaneously less than the principle of lamella thickness.Therefore, no matter the shape of ultra-thin blade how, always its cutting edge part is overhung at outside the edge bearing, its overhang should be 0.1～0.4 of this blade thickness.
2. ultra-thin cutting tool zero degree relief angle determines
In traditional cutter three dimensions design, people think that always cutter must have positive relief angle just can make machining advance capable And smoothly and obtain good work piece.In the actual cut process, work piece will produce strain, and the back of cutter will produce wearing and tearing eventually, the work Hou Jiao And of cutter is not desirable relief angle, but there is the relief angle of a continuous variation that is consistent with the actual cut state, we claim that it is equivalent relief angle, and along with the increase of flank wear amount, equivalent relief angle gradually becomes zero degree.When control cutter back remains on certain scope with contacting of work piece, promptly blade is made aforesaid ultra-thin blade, even in the Tool Design relief angle is designed to zero degree, also can normally use.Therefore, no matter the type of ultra-thin cutting tool how, the relief angle value of its cutter is taken as zero degree.
3. the structure of ultra-thin cutting tool
Ultra-thin cutting tool of the present invention, no matter the type of cutter how, it is by cutter hub, edge bearing, ultra-thin blade, chip-breaking and be connected fastening part and form.It connects fastening mode can be known mechanical clamping type, it also can be other connection fastening means, determine to produce the required every geometric parameter of shear action by the relative position relation that ultra-thin blade, edge bearing and cutter hub hold between the cutter groove, it is characterized in that: used blade is that a kind of thickness is 0.2～2.5 millimeter ultra-thin blade, no matter the shape of this blade how, its cutting edge part always is overhung at outside the edge bearing, and its overhang is 0.1～0.4 of this blade thickness; No matter the type of cutter how, the relief angle of ultra-thin cutting tool is a zero degree.
4. the manufacture method of the material of ultra-thin blade and ultra-thin cutting tool
The material of ultra-thin blade can use all cutter materials such as high-speed steel, carbide alloy, pottery, also can use coating process to make the ultra-thin blade of coating, further improves cutting ability.
Ultra-thin cutting tool of the present invention can manufacture the ultra-thin cutting tool product with known the whole bag of tricks.
The ultra-thin blade of finished product preferably carries out Passivation Treatment.
Effect of the present invention:
1. because cutter of the present invention adopts superthin structure, the stress state of blade inside when having improved machining, thereby improved the intensity of blade material, make the intensity of blade and wearability reach good matching status, thereby cutter of the present invention has had very high shock resistance;
2. because ultra-thin blade has the suitable amount of overhanging, improved greatly and can wear away volume, thereby cutter life is enhanced about more than once.
3. because cutter of the present invention adopts the zero degree relief angle, cutter and surface to be machined produce good squeezing action, have improved processed surface smoothness;
4. because blade attenuate greatly, its material consumption can reduce more than 80%;
5. because cutter of the present invention adopts the zero degree relief angle, and the design of cutter is designed for two dimensional surface by original three dimensions design simplification, particularly reduce the difficulty and the workload of complex cutting tool design greatly, fundamentally changed traditional Tool Design looks.
6. the manufacturing of zero degree relief angle cutter is simple, can improve the machining accuracy of cutter under same machine condition greatly, has opened up new approach in particular for the manufacturing process of high-accuracy shaping complex cutting tool.
7. because cutter material consumption significantly reduces, just have ready conditions and use expensive high-performance cutter material, promote the further raising of machining labor productivity.Simultaneously because the raising of the cutter accuracy of manufacture will further impel Metal Cutting Machine Tool to develop to high speed, high accuracy direction.
8. because cutter structure of the present invention is widely applicable, economic benefit is very remarkable.As popularizing in an all-round way, only calculate with the cutter material of saving, it is worth estimates to reach tens million of units, and as considering being multiplied and the raising of machining efficient of cutter life, its economic benefit is estimated to reach several hundred million units.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a superthin structure lathe tool schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a 1-1 cross-sectional view among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a superthin structure chaser schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is a knife bar axial section among Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a superthin structure gear hob schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is a 1-1 cross-sectional view among Fig. 5.
Among the figure, 1 is ultra-thin blade, and 2 is edge bearing, and 3 is chip-breaking, 4 is pressing plate, and 5 is screw, and 6 is tool rest, and 7 is screw, 8 is knife bar, and 9 is ultra-thin comb knife blade, and 10 is edge bearing, and 11 are retaining bits device, 12 is pressing plate, and 13 is screw, and 14 is knife bar, and 15 is ultra-thin gear hob blade, 16 is edge bearing, and 17 is pressing plate, and 18 is screw, 19 is screw, and 20 is annulus, and 21 is cutter hub.
The embodiment explanation:
Embodiment 1: superthin structure lathe tool, its structure such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Ultra-thin blade (1) places on the edge bearing (2), ultra-thin blade (1) is pressed on the tool rest (6) by screw (5) by chip-breaking (3) and pressing plate (4), and tool rest (6) is fastened on the knife bar (8) by screw (7).The thickness of ultra-thin blade (1) is 0.6 millimeter, and the overhang that ultra-thin blade (1) is overhung at outside the edge bearing (2) is 0.2 millimeter.The relief angle of this lathe tool is a zero degree.The material of ultra-thin blade is YT14.
Contrast test: the contrast cutter is that lathe tool of the present invention and blade material are the public mechanically-clamped turning tool of YT14; Machined material is No. 45 carbon steels, and its hardness is HB260～280; Cutting data is: V=150 rice/minute, a=2 millimeter, f=0.27 millimeter/commentaries on classics.Comparing result: the life-span of lathe tool of the present invention improves 130%, and the fineness of work piece improves one-level.
Embodiment 2: superthin structure chaser, its structure such as Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Ultra-thin comb knife blade (9) places on the edge bearing (10), ultra-thin comb knife blade (9) is fastened in the appearance cutter groove of knife bar (14) by screw (13) by briquetting (12) and retaining bits devices (11).The thickness of ultra-thin comb knife blade (9) is 0.6 millimeter, and the overhang that it is overhung at outside the edge bearing (10) is 0.2 millimeter, and the relief angle of chaser of the present invention is a zero degree.The material of ultra-thin comb knife blade (9) is 560 public carbide alloy.
Contrast test: the contrast cutter be chaser of the present invention and therewith the public machine of 60 carbide alloy of same size press from both sides chaser; Machined material is 18CrMnTi, and its hardness is HB110～113; Cutting data is: V=80 rice/minute, the a=0.25 millimeter.Comparing result: be interrupted the calculating of cutting impact number of times to bear, the shock-resistant ability of chaser of the present invention improves more than 7.5 times, improves 128% service life, and the fineness of work piece improves 1 grade.
Embodiment 3: superthin structure gear hob, its structure such as Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.Ultra-thin gear hob blade (15) places on the edge bearing (16), the appearance cutter groove that by screw thread (18) ultra-thin gear hob blade (15) is fastened on cutter hub (21) by briquetting (17) is held concurrently in the chip pocket, two annulus (20) at two ends are anchored on the two ends of cutter hub (21) with screw (19), to prevent the axial motion of ultra-thin gear hob blade (1).The thickness of ultra-thin gear hob blade (15) is 0.35 millimeter, and the overhang that it is overhung at outside the edge bearing (16) is 0.1 millimeter, and the relief angle of hobboing cutter of the present invention is a zero degree.The modulus of hobboing cutter of the present invention is 4 millimeters, and the material of its ultra-thin gear hob blade (15) is a high-speed steel.
The full accuracy of gear hob is the AAA level in the world at present, adopt above-mentioned superthin structure gear hob of the present invention, its manufacture method and manufacture difficulty resemble make the worm screw simple, do not need back-off and relief grinding, the smear metal ditch also need not to require five equilibrium, can directly " lean on " to go out the back of tooth on accurate thread grinding machine or worm grinder, it is very high to make efficient, and precision reaches more than the AAA level.If according to existing gear hob accuracy class, calculate that according to the domestic master worm accuracy of manufacture that reaches its precision can reach 5A level gear hob standard.
Said gear hobboing cutter of the present invention is cut test through 2 hours essence, does not see noticeable wear, and the gear hobbing precision reaches 5 grades.
The present invention has also tested all kinds cutters such as heavy-duty turning tool, face cutter, high-speed steel pinion cutter, has all obtained similar success.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of metal cutting tool is characterized in that: used blade is that a kind of thickness is 0.2～2.5 millimeter ultra-thin blade, no matter the shape of this blade how, always its cutting edge part is overhung at outside the edge bearing, its overhang is 0.1～0.4 of this blade thickness.
2, metal cutting tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: no matter the type of its cutter how, the relief angle of its cutter is a zero degree.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86106480 CN1009349B (en) | 1986-09-30 | 1986-09-30 | Ultra-thin cutting tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86106480 CN1009349B (en) | 1986-09-30 | 1986-09-30 | Ultra-thin cutting tool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86106480A true CN86106480A (en) | 1988-02-10 |
| CN1009349B CN1009349B (en) | 1990-08-29 |
Family
ID=4803236
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86106480 Expired CN1009349B (en) | 1986-09-30 | 1986-09-30 | Ultra-thin cutting tool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1009349B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105414308A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-03-23 | 广州市全德机械科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method and equipment for breaking joints of sealing ring |
-
1986
- 1986-09-30 CN CN 86106480 patent/CN1009349B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105414308A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-03-23 | 广州市全德机械科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method and equipment for breaking joints of sealing ring |
| CN105414308B (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-10-31 | 广州市全德机械科技有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method and manufacturing equipment of sealing ring breaking joint |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1009349B (en) | 1990-08-29 |
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