CN86106364A - The method and apparatus of preparation of protective layer by plasma deposition - Google Patents
The method and apparatus of preparation of protective layer by plasma deposition Download PDFInfo
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- CN86106364A CN86106364A CN86106364.3A CN86106364A CN86106364A CN 86106364 A CN86106364 A CN 86106364A CN 86106364 A CN86106364 A CN 86106364A CN 86106364 A CN86106364 A CN 86106364A
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Abstract
The method of preparation of protective layer by plasma deposition and device.Belong to field of metal surface treatment.The plasma-activated effect of present method combines the good film formation at low temp around plating property and physical vaporous deposition of chemical Vapor deposition process, can be at cutter, plate TiN on mould and the component of machine, TiC, TiN/TiC and Ti superhard film and composite membranes thereof such as (CN) are to improve its work-ing life.Plasma deposition apparatus has air-flow and is evenly distributed, and is easy to clean and antipollution function.The technology of present method is simple, and cost of equipment is low, and cost of material is low, has a clear superiority in economically.
Description
The invention belongs to the metal material surface treatment technology.
In mechanical industry, extensively utilize depositing TiN, Tic, Ti(cN) and superhard film such as composite deposite, to improve the life-span of cutter, mould, measurer and other component of machine.The production line day of automatization in the mechanical processing industry, serialization more increases; the damage of any one cutter or mould just means the pause of whole production line on the tinuous production; so improve the life-span of cutter, mould; its meaning just is not only the saving of cutter, mould itself; and relate to the efficient of whole production line, the method for current deposition protective membrane big other have chemical Vapor deposition process (CVD) and physical vaporous deposition (PVD) two classes.The advantage of CVD is good around plating property, uniform film thickness, and film and basal body binding force are strong, and equipment is simply inexpensive.Its shortcoming is a requirement deposit film at high temperature, and as depositing TiN, Tic etc. will be at 900-1100 ℃, so only be adapted to inserted tool.PVD is deposited film at low temperatures, so can be used for material such as rapid steel, its shortcoming is bad around plating property, and workpiece needs do rotation and revolution in vacuum vessel, and equipment is also complicated, expensive.
Plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) utilizes the activation of low pressure plasma, and the chemical vapour deposition temperature is reduced significantly, and is good around plating property simultaneously, so it has the advantage of PVD and CVD concurrently.PCVD successfully is applied to industry such as unicircuit and photoconductive fiber, but is actually used in mechanical industry with PCVD method deposition protective membrane, then is not reported.So currently on cutter, mould, deposit protective membrane, particularly in the industrial application of TiN film, be still PVD, CVD two families have half share.
Hazlewood(in 1977
Report is stepping the first step with the research of direct current PCVD method depositing Ti c aspect the PCVD deposition superhard film.Clear 55-2515 patent was announced in the Japan special permission Room in 1980, proposed with direct current PCVD method metal refining nitride (for example TiN).On carbide bit,, improve the cutter head life-span more than 2 times at 870 ℃ of depositing TiNs.Simultaneously also on metal die, obtain uniform TiN film, but do not announce the result of use behind the deposition superhard film.This is first trial that makes PCVD deposition superhard film practicability.But this work does not obtain actual effect.Because the main purpose that reduces depositing temperature with the PCVD method should be cutter, the mould that makes it to be applicable to the metalloid material of rapid steel; Because will seriously anneal more than these materials to 600 ℃, can not use.And inserted tool itself can be high temperature resistant, just can meet the demands with the CVD method.Under this temperature, the CVD method does not have electric field to disturb because workpiece is not charged, and workpiece can the solid matter clamping, and the productivity of equipment can be more much higher than PCVD method.Among the embodiment of this patent, only mention and on metal die, obtain uniform TiN film, but do not have the explanation of result of use, and this key point of problem exactly.When on metal worker, mould, depositing superhard film, to do optimum selection and control to processing parameter, otherwise can not reach good effect with PCVD.Institute's parameter area of getting is too wide in this patent specification, can not get the high-quality film in its specified most of scope.In addition, the PCVD method will be applied to the deposition of superhard film, also will solve the even problem of air inlet, and reactor cleans makes things convenient for problem, and the control problem of polluting when opening reactor, and these are all unresolved in this patent.
In the document of delivering afterwards, still be other country no matter, reflect that all people are still taking a whirl to PCVD method deposition superhard film and exploring, and this method is used for cutter, the mould of material such as rapid steel in Japan, and obtain and significantly improve the work-ing life effect, then be not reported.
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of PCVD method and apparatus, characteristics are to deposit various films on conducting base, particularly on materials such as rapid steel, deposit the nitride of 4b family metal, the superhard film of carbide, carbonitride and composite membrane thereof are improved the work-ing life of cutter, mould and other mechanical component parts; Equipment proposed by the invention has air-flow and is evenly distributed, and is easy to clean the function with decontamination.
PCVD is the activating effect that utilizes low pressure plasma, makes the significantly reduced method of temperature of reaction of common CVD.Under direct current PCVD condition, be workpiece as negative electrode, reactor vessel wall or other additional pole feed proper amount of gas as anode in reaction vessel, as an amount of rare gas element or nitrogen, hydrogen etc., and when interpolar is added with appropriate voltage, just cause glow discharge.Because ionic bombardment effect, workpiece surface obtains cleaning, also elevate the temperature simultaneously, and at deposition superhard film TiN, Tic, Ti(CN) and under the situation of composite membrane, workpiece should reach 500-1000 ℃, for the rapid steel workpiece, then should be controlled at 500-600 ℃.At this moment in container, feed the reactant gas that is suitable for depositing the film that requires,, then feed 4b family metal halide, hydrogen, nitrogen or hydrocarbon polymer, also can add small amounts of inert gas such as argon etc. as the deposition superhard film.Because the activation of plasma body, workpiece surface just can obtain desired film.
In low pressure plasma, superhard film such as TiN etc. can obtain low reaching under 300 ℃ the temperature; But use as protective membrane, must consider film itself compactness, hardness, solidity to corrosion, reach film and high base strength, so workpiece temperature should be more than 500 ℃.The upper limit of intensity then depends on the tolerant temperature of workpiece itself and to the consideration of deflection and temperature stress etc.Should then can reach 1000 ℃ to Wimet etc. at 500-600 ℃ to rapid steel.
Air pressure range is at the 0.25-10 torr, because below 0.25 torr, and more than 10 torrs, the superhard film that the Cause of not Deing is close, best at the 1-5 torr.
Voltage range is at 800-4000V..Because below the 800V., more than the 4000V., the close film of the Cause of not Deing, optimum voltage is at 1000-3000V.
Halide content should be the 5-20% mole in the reactant gases, and 5% mole of following sedimentation rate is slow excessively, and then resistates is too much more than 20% mole, and the best is the 8-16% mole.Nitrogen or (with) content of hydrocarbon polymer (as methane, acetylene etc.) is the 15-50% mole, the best is the 25-45% mole, hydrogen richness is the 30-75% mole, the best is the 40-60% mole.
The uniformity requirement height that the PCVD method distributes to air-flow, otherwise can not get uniform thickness.Porous inner cover (6) that the present invention proposes and top cover (7) thereof can make fresh reactant gases after entering plasma slab as the method for even cloth gas, contact with workpiece equably, make the workpiece deposition of being adorned go up the uniform film of thickness.Another advantage of this method is to be convenient to clean.So-called cleaning had both referred to the cleaning as induction part, i.e. cleaning between porous inner cover (6) outer wall and reaction chamber (1) inwall also refers to react the cleaning of the concentrated porous inner cover inwall of accessory substance.Owing to be added with porous inner cover (6), the reaction accessory substance is concentrated and is adsorbed in the inner cover inwall, cleans easily.In addition, the porous inner cover also plays the effect of heat-insulation and heat-preservation.Japanese Patent utilizes void channels, concentrates on bottom inflow, and both difficulty reached evenly, and inconvenience is cleaned again.
The characteristics of PCVD method are deposit films at low temperatures, simultaneously, reactor wall needs cooling, by products such as hydrogen chloride gas that produces in the deposition process and lower chloride, a part is taken away by mechanical pump, this part can absorb by the cold-trap that is provided with and the mechanical pump venting port is established the alkali lye processing, and a sizable part is then adsorbed by reactor wall.The byproduct of reaction that is adsorbed can not be taken away by mechanical pump, has only when opening reactor, just reacts when meeting air and moisture, causes room air pollution.Equipment provided by the invention is provided with the cleaning gas circuit of blowing air or ammonia, and first bubbling air or ammonia before opening reactor make it and the reaction of wall dirt settling, are extracted out by off-gas pump again, handle discharging through the alkali lye treatment trough.When opening reactor, just can not cause room air pollution like this.
Device of the present invention is seen Fig. 1.The 1-reaction chamber, 2-electrode (negative electrode) 3-extraction pipe, 4-cold-trap, the 5-mechanical pump, 6-porous inner cover, 7-top cover, the 8-gas distributing system, 9-gas distributing system inlet mouth, 10-cleans the gas circuit inlet mouth, the 11-vapor pipe, 12-off-gas pump, 13-alkali lye treatment trough, the 14-power supply, 15-non-contact temperature measuring hole, 16-vision slit, 17,18-valve, 19-work rest, 20-vacuum gauge.
Reative cell (1) can be vertical, also can be horizontal, has insulation sleeve to separate between the top cover of electrode (negative electrode) (2) and reative cell (1) and the porous inner cover top cover (7), and electrode (2) both can be located at reative cell (1) top, also can be located at its bottom. Workpiece then connects in electrode (2). Reative cell (1) and porous inner cover (6) ground connection are as anode, and also available other earth conductor stretches in the reactor (1) as anode.
The reacting gas air distribution system comprises 4b family metal halide, hydrogen, nitrogen, hydrocarbon The pipeline such as compound and argon, air inlet pipe (9) can be located at top, middle part or the bottom of reactor (1). Reaction gas enters the space between inner cover (6) and the reactor (1), after fully being mixed, enters glow discharge zone by the aperture on inner cover (6) and the top cover (7) again, carries out deposition reaction.
Clean gas circuit and comprise air inlet pipe (10), valve (18), blast pipe (11), exhaust pump (12) and alkali lye treatment trough (13). Air inlet pipe (10) can be located at top, middle part or the bottom of reactor (1). Cleaning gas circuit is to finish in deposition procedures; opening reactor (1) after the work-piece cools works before; namely stop mechanical pump (5) afterwards; open again valve (18); pass into air or ammonia, and then valve-off (18), by exhaust pump (12) with air scavenge in the reactor; pass into again at last air, open reactor.
Embodiments of the invention:
1, fertilizer plant is used to suppress the mould of catalyst plate towards core.
Material: Cr12 steel
Size: φ 9 * 172mm
Depositing operation: hang into reaction chamber as negative electrode towards core, reactor wall is as anode, and system is evacuated to 10
-2Behind the torr, feed argon gas and boost to 8 * 10
-2Torr, making alive is warming up to 500-550 ℃ to 2000V. bombardment cleaning 20 minutes towards core, at this moment adjusts nitrogen hydrogen flow and ratio, makes total gas pressure reach 2 torrs, and nitrogen hydrogen ratio is 1: 1, feeds TiCl then
4, make TiCl
4Account for the 13%(mole of total air input), control voltage deposits 50 minutes at 1500V., obtains the TiN layer of uniform film thickness, thickness 8 μ m.
Result of use: plated film is towards core, can not press catalyzer 60kg for average every, and plated film is towards more than the core mean pressure catalyzer 200kg, improves towards core work-ing life more than 3 times.
2, φ 3 High Speed Steel Bits.
Depositing operation: system is evacuated to 10
-2Behind the torr, feed argon gas to 8 * 10
-2Torr powers up and is pressed onto 1800V..Bombardment cleaning 20 minutes, drill bit is warming up to about 550 ℃, at this moment feeds nitrogen and hydrogen mixture and closes argon gas, adjusts N
2: H
2Than being 1: 2, total gas pressure is 2.5 torrs, feeds TiCl then
4, make TiCl
4Account for 11% mole of total air input, control voltage deposits 20 minutes at 1600V., and thickness reaches 2.5 μ m.
Cutting test: cutting material 5Cr NiM
Die steel, hardness HB269 on average holes 25.5, improves 5.8 times than plated film drill bit not, improves 2.2 times behind the sharpening.
3, φ 6.1 High Speed Steel Bits.
Depositing operation: the same, thickness 1.6 μ m.
Cutting test: cutting material 5Cr NiM
Die steel, hardness HB324 on average cuts 33.6 holes, improves 21.4 times than plated film drill bit not, improves 7 times behind the sharpening.
4, composite membrane.
In gas distributing system, at TiCl
4, N
2And H
2Outside, add The addition of C H
4, can obtain Ti(CN) and (see figure 2); After the depositing TiN film, cut off N
2Gas feeds CH
4, can on the TiN film, obtain TiC, promptly obtain TiC/TiN duplicature (see figure 3); Certainly also can on matrix, directly obtain TiC film (see figure 4) and TiN film (see figure 5).
5, the mensuration of film uniformity.
In the workpiece overhang region of φ 300 * 350mm owing to added porous inner cover (6) reactant gases evenly flowed into, so the difference of workpiece thickness be not more than ± 0.5 μ m(is for depositing time 1 hour).
Above-described embodiment is at surface deposition TiN, TiC, Ti(CN), TiC/TiN, too practical for carbide, nitride, the carbonitride of the 4b family metal beyond the Ti.
Current, the meaning of worker, mould plating superhard film is day more important along with the raising of the production automation, serialization. With method and apparatus proposed by the invention, can particularly obtain superhard film on the high speed steel substrate at metal material matrix, can significantly improve the life-span of cutter, mould, meet or exceed the effect of PVD plating superhard film, and can obtain homogeneous coating. Method and apparatus of the present invention is easy to realize a large amount of productions, not only to instrument, mould, and also can use component of machine. The purging system of equipment provided by the invention has solved the pollution that produces when opening reactor, and is easy to clean, and is also applicable to the CVD method that same problem is arranged.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention is that cost is low, compares with PVD, because this method is good around plating property, workpiece does not need to rotate in vacuum tank, and this has just simplified the complexity of equipment greatly. Vacuum system also only needs mechanical pump, need not diffusion pump. Simultaneously, used Ti derives from TiCl4, not resembling the PVD method is to use metal Ti
TiCl
4Low price, it is also easy to evaporate, and PVD method metal Ti, price, and to make it gasification with complex component such as electron guns, and the installation cost height, energy consumption is big. The factors such as so equipment is simple, raw material is cheap, and energy consumption is low make this Invention has advantage economically. Current China import PVD equipment, one hundreds thousand of to more than 100 ten thousand dollars, the present invention by comparison, advantage economically is obvious.
The bibliography relevant with the present invention
The clear 55-2715 of Japanese Patent
Classification number Int.Cl
3; C23c 11/08
Clear 53(1978 of the applying date) June 20
(1980) January 10 clear 55 years of Shen Qing Publication day
Claims (7)
1, a kind of method of plasma cvd film is characterized in that utilizing the activating effect of direct-current plasma; As negative electrode, reactor vessel wall or other additional pole are as anode with workpiece; In reactor, feed 4b family metal halide, hydrogen, nitrogen or (with) hydrocarbon polymer isoreactivity gas; At air pressure is the 0.25-10 torr, and voltage is the 800-4000 volt, and workpiece temperature is under 500-1000 ℃ of condition, and above-mentioned reactant gas reacts, superhard film or its composite membrane of the nitride of generation 4b family metal, carbide, carbonitride on workpiece.
2, according to the described method of claim one, the content that it is characterized in that 4b family metal halide in the reactant gas proportioning is the 5-20%(mole), nitrogen or (with) hydrocarbons content is the 15-50%(mole), hydrogen richness is the 30-75%(mole), also can add small amounts of inert gas.
3, according to claim one, two described methods, the best air pressure of reactant gases is the 1-4 torr when it is characterized in that depositing, and optimum voltage is the 1000-3000 volt, and best workpiece temperature is 500-600 ℃ to rapid steel class material, is 500-1000 ℃ to Wimet.
4,, it is characterized in that the optimum response gas mixing ratio is that 4b family metal halide is the 8-16%(mole according to claim one, three described methods), nitrogen or (with) hydrocarbon polymer 25-45%(mole), hydrogen 40-60%(mole).
5, according to claim one, for the equipment of realizing this method comprises reaction chamber (1), electrode (2), extraction pipe (3), gas distributing system (8), power supply (14), it is characterized in that reactor (1) can be vertical also can be horizontal, reaction chamber (1) is established porous inner cover (6) and top cover (7) thereof, plays even cloth reactant gases, heat-insulation and heat-preservation, the convenient triple role of cleaning.
6, according to the described device of claim five, it is characterized in that the inlet pipe (9) in the gas distributing system (8), can be located at top, bottom or the sidewall of reactor; When the inlet pipe (9) of reactant gases when being located at the top, inlet pipe (9) is between reaction chamber top cover and the inner cover top cover (7); When inlet mouth (9) was located at bottom or sidewall, inlet mouth (9) was between inner cover (6) and the reactor wall.
7, according to claim five, six described devices, it is characterized in that on reaction chamber (1), can adding the cleaning gas circuit, comprising inlet pipe (10), vapor pipe (11), off-gas pump (12) and alkali lye treatment trough (13); Inlet pipe (10) can be located at the top of reactor (1), also can be located at bottom or sidewall.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86106364 CN1017264B (en) | 1986-09-12 | 1986-09-12 | Method and device for the preparation of protective layer by plasma deposition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86106364 CN1017264B (en) | 1986-09-12 | 1986-09-12 | Method and device for the preparation of protective layer by plasma deposition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86106364A true CN86106364A (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| CN1017264B CN1017264B (en) | 1992-07-01 |
Family
ID=4803169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 86106364 Expired CN1017264B (en) | 1986-09-12 | 1986-09-12 | Method and device for the preparation of protective layer by plasma deposition |
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| CN (1) | CN1017264B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1297686C (en) * | 2003-02-17 | 2007-01-31 | 日本碍子株式会社 | A method and system for producing thin films |
| CN100383277C (en) * | 2004-03-20 | 2008-04-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Die with superhard filming |
| US8087918B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2012-01-03 | Toyo Advanced Technologies Co., Ltd. | Pressing mold and method for producing the same |
| CN105080988A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-11-25 | 上虞市宏恩精密机械有限公司 | Aluminum-alloy hollow tube extruding die based on PCVD processing |
| CN105112884A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-02 | 上虞市宏恩精密机械有限公司 | PCVD surface treating method for aluminum alloy hollow tube extrusion mold |
| CN107275438A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-10-20 | 新奥光伏能源有限公司 | The preparation method of heterojunction solar battery and the mould for producing battery |
-
1986
- 1986-09-12 CN CN 86106364 patent/CN1017264B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1297686C (en) * | 2003-02-17 | 2007-01-31 | 日本碍子株式会社 | A method and system for producing thin films |
| CN100383277C (en) * | 2004-03-20 | 2008-04-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Die with superhard filming |
| US8087918B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2012-01-03 | Toyo Advanced Technologies Co., Ltd. | Pressing mold and method for producing the same |
| CN101254515B (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2014-01-29 | 东洋先进机床有限公司 | Pressing mold and method for producing the same |
| CN107275438A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-10-20 | 新奥光伏能源有限公司 | The preparation method of heterojunction solar battery and the mould for producing battery |
| CN105080988A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-11-25 | 上虞市宏恩精密机械有限公司 | Aluminum-alloy hollow tube extruding die based on PCVD processing |
| CN105112884A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-02 | 上虞市宏恩精密机械有限公司 | PCVD surface treating method for aluminum alloy hollow tube extrusion mold |
| CN105112884B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-02-06 | 浙江宏恩智能装备技术有限公司 | A kind of PCVD surface treatment methods of aluminum alloy hollow pipe extrusion die |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1017264B (en) | 1992-07-01 |
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