CN86105471A - Punt-pole is navigated, and advances the device and the underwater sand-shifting ship of boats and ships with oil pressure and mechanical force - Google Patents

Abstract

The underwater sand-shifting ship of relevant stower propelling unit of the present invention and this device of employing; This propelling unit has realized mechanization and maximization to the propulsion method that navigate with regard to the punt-pole that uses ancient times, clamps securely with two gears and is inserted in water-bed punt-pole, makes the iron chest forward-reverse with former moving function come the forward engineer ship with oil pressure and mechanical force.

Description

The civil engineering under water that the present invention is relevant to be handled sand in a large amount of riverss and creekss that flow out sands such as Chinese the Changjiang river, the Yellow River and bury a large amount of sands at harbour.

Because sand amount to be processed is too huge, do not have a kind of method to dispose very soon, and if operational period is spun out; then owing to reasons such as climate changes; usually can all vanish like soap bubbles, accomplish nothing, so wish a kind of strong and novel construction method rapidly of invention for a long time.For the processing of water-bed sand, the kind equipment of existing underwater bulldozer, but how also can not reach above-mentioned requirements; For the very huge situation of sand process load, must the use boats and ships.But, if adopt the boats and ships of conventional propelling unit, still can not deal with problems.By land, restricted to size, and at wide sea, to size to a certain extent without limits.And because buoyancy function, the proportion of soil only is 0.6～0.8～1.0, utilizes the height of water again, just can open up new course line at short notice with large ship; Be used conventional auxiliary vessel again, just can improve operating efficiency greatly.Developing this special engineered ship is exactly purpose of the present invention.

26S Proteasome Structure and Function to the main part of special engineered ship and this device describes below.

Steel oceangoing ship punt-pole (code name is 1): spirt is just brought into use (referring to Fig. 8) from ancient times, but makes with steel here; It is inserted in the water-bed earth, further inserts in the mud by mechanical force then, form supporting-point 10; Ship advances by punt-pole and advances.Spirt is made up of following several parts: gear with the tooth bar in the punt-pole both sides of gear mesh, is the pawl 11 that makes punt-pole be easy to the heavy weight punt-pole bottom of vertical drop and be contained in the punt-pole end; Adopting pawl is to extract easily in order to increase ground supporting power and to receive punt-pole.The head of punt-pole can be pulled down, and makes punt-pole can load onto, unload; Do at a distance when mobile at boats and ships, just can disassemble whole steel spirt 1, carry separately.The length of steel spirt except extraordinary circumstances, satisfy operating water depth and reach requirement about 20 meters, will be equipped with the three cover punt-poles that are applicable to shallow water, middle water and deep water respectively for this reason.Can adopt removable structure for very easy worn-down part, gear, tooth bar adopt corrosion-resistant steel to manufacture, and the spirt main body can be used the extraordinary cast steel of high abrasion resistance.

1) referring to Fig. 8, driven wheel (code name is 2): driven wheel is to be driven by electrical motor (I) by used usually gear system (drivings device such as reducing gear, automatic speed variator), rack tooth engagement on driven wheel and guide gear 3 and the punt-pole, clamp spirt securely, can make spirt descend, rise (when electrical motor reverses) simultaneously.When initial start, the steel spirt is in stand up position, from the propulsive force of others, so be to lean on the oil pressure of iron chest 4 to begin to tilt, does not temporarily begin to drive; But in the boats and ships traveling process, just can make its inclination, so drive serially by the power that apparatus of the present invention produce.This is a kind of three stage propulsion modes: switch 33 makes driven wheel begin to rotate, and switch 34 makes the driven wheel backwards rotation again, and switch 33 makes driven wheel stop again then, and switch 35 makes driven wheel idle running when spirt 1 falls; Said process carries out repeatedly.

2) guide gear (code name is 3): guide gear adapts to the motion conditions of steel spirt and clamps spirt with driven wheel 2 all the time, and it can both freely rotate in any direction.Between axle sleeve 29(axostylus axostyle that gear wheel shaft 14 is connected along with the axostylus axostyle 27 with oil pressure installation (referring to the explanation of Fig. 3 a and 9b and following oil pressure pump (II)) and the axle sleeve ball, bearing collar are housed) seesaw in the horizontal direction, make axle 13 and the distance of axle between 14 be reduced into 9 from 8, restore again for 8(referring to Fig. 4); Axle 14 come and go move be provided with the switch 33,34 and 35 that plays an important role midway.Adopt above-mentioned structure, 3 two gears of gear 2 and gear are bitten spirt 1 by the tooth bar on the punt-pole; Like this, even ejector dozer 46 bears the load that pushes away sand, because the situation that ship is not preceding and then have only the iron chest to advance can not take place in the effect of powerful oil pressure.

3) iron chest (code name is 4): because it is very big to promote the load of water-bed sand, it is not enough only depending on the gear rotation, so on the inside of the iron chest 4 of the match box-like shown in Fig. 3 c and upper plate, be equiped with corresponding device thereof, can implement above-mentioned 1,2,3 function, make iron chest 4 crank motions.Concrete structure is: the mast 24 that is placed on the mast 22 of the piston 21 of pipe in 19 and is placed on the piston 23 in the pipe 20 is separately fixed on the wall of 4 liang of opposite faces of iron chest, chest also is provided with gear wheel shaft 14 and gear wheel shaft 14 horizontal directions are moved piston 26 and piston mast 27, be placed with the steel roller on chest platform 32, iron chest 4 just can move back and forth (referring to Figure 10) on roller under the oil pressure effect.On the upper plate of iron chest, winch is installed, actuating device one cover (comprises voltage transformer, resistor, controller, automatic speed variator, automatic brake, oil hydraulic cylinder (III), (II), (IV) (V), does not express the detail of general common-sense in the drawings.Above-mentioned actuating device and oil pressure are had an effect together, and steel spirt 1 is tilted, and effectively advance boats and ships.

Pawl (code name is 11): pawl 11 is installed in the front end of steel spirt 1, has ring 15 to entangle outward.Each pawl and the axle and encircle 15 between install to such an extent that leave minim gap, can freely move.When the steel spirt fell, pawl partly opened owing to the effect of water resistance earlier, is opened into circle (referring to Figure 11 g) after landing, have pawl pressure head 12 to push down this moment, in case pawl twists over, by driving propulsion source 17 spirt is pressed into then, form the supporting-point of propulsion of ship, produce ground supporting power.When steel spirt 1 when extract at the bottom, propulsive effort 17 is upwards pulled out spirt by other device on the ship with regard to automatic cutout, this moment, pawl 11 drew in, easily extracts because the resistance of sand.If water-bed ground-surface soil property is very soft, above can also installing for aperture, followingly be the perforate round plate 16 of macropore, obtain required supporting power.

The distribution utmost point (code name is 18): the electricity that diesel-engine generator 57 sends, carry by the circuit 42 that distributes aboard ship.In order to transmit electric power, electrode 18 has been installed to the iron chest 4 that constantly moves.By the electric power of electrode 18 inputs, beyond the power as propulsive effort 17 and each oil pump, automatically or by sensor monitoring use by electric signal.

Automatic switch (code name is 33): switch 33, shown in Fig. 9 b, be located on the current road of axle 14 axle sleeve 29, its position is corresponding to being inclined to 80 ° of left and right sides from upright 90 ° of angles with steel spirt 1.In these 10 ° of scopes, rack and pinion does not mesh (supporting-point 10 has determined), thereby actuating device I, VI are in neutral gear position, in these 10 ° of scopes, have only the power that produces by oil pressure installation to advance, this switch 33 makes drive force source 17 begin to drive, and after ship moves at the beginning, advances with regard to the power that produces by other device, actuating device no longer is a neutral, and action continues.Just work with back-geared power in these 10 ° of drift angles that are equivalent to 2～3 teeth on the gear; The center connection lead of two gear wheel shafts and steel spirt are orthogonal near 45 °, and this moment, application force was the strongest.By after the automatic switch 33, lean on the application force switch 33 of coil spring 39 to restore at axle sleeve 29.

Automatic switch (code name is 34): when steel spirt 1 tilts to certain angle (because water-bed soil property different with weather have necessarily in time differ), axle sleeve 29 just in time presses automatic switch 34, and its position is in the left side of switch 33.After automatic switch 34 works, the auto mat action, automatic brake is started working, and apparatus of the present invention of other on the ship are also started working, the claw leaving water ground of spirt, electrical motor (I) counter-rotating then rises the steel spirt by driven wheel 2; Force lift 43-1 counter-rotating meanwhile draws up the oil that accumulates in the pipe 19, and force lift 43-2 also reverses, and high pressure oil is sent in the pipe 20.Iron chest 4 with the drive of its all-in-one-piece oil pump piston mast 24 under begin to return, axle 14 is conversion also, begin to return under the drive of mast 27, and what play this important mission of conversion is exactly switch 34; Switch 34 just restores under the effect of coil spring 39 after finishing the work.

Automatic switch (code name is 35): the axle sleeve 29 that returns is PS (Push Switch) 33 once more, and propulsive effort 17 is in the neutral state, and drg begins to work.Along with axle sleeve 29 moves on, again by pressing switch 35, the automatic brake of propulsive effort 17 is thrown off, steel spirt 1 falls under its deadweight effect.This moment, axle sleeve 29 was in the right-hand member of closet, and steel spirt 1 surpasses upright 90 °, and is inclined to 100 ° of angles; Because boats and ships advance, so just in time be in erectility when spirt lands again; Along with ship advances, the inclination angle of spirt becomes 80 ° again, and propulsive effort is started working again, and switch 35 also restores under coil spring 39 effects knows clearly.

Shock absorber (code name is 28,31): on being subjected to the water surface the effect of natural conditions such as wave, wind, trend, also to be subjected to various impacts such as the starting of weight whereabouts and lifting, heavy-duty machinery and parking, so there is not the thing of high speed motion, uniformly-spaced cup spring 28 of Fang Zhiing and solid rubber strip are drawn buoyancy aid are played buffer action.

Oil pressure pump (code name is an II): oil pressure pump (II) is a kind of gear type pump, is driven by electrical motor (I); Utilize directional control valve (IV) the left and right sides closet Alternating Transportation oil of the extraordinary pressure-resistant rubber hose of the process of the oil in the fuel tank (V) (this pipe passes wall and each mechanical gap of iron chest 4) in Fig. 6 a, also send oil simultaneously to automatic speed variator.

Oil pressure pump (code name is 43): this pump is a kind of electric superhigh pressure piston pump that also can make antiport, be arranged on connect pipe 19,20 and punt-pole depressor 44-1 respectively, its volume of 44-2(is identical with pipe 19,20) transport pipe 37,38 midway.The action of this pump can realize electric interlock with ship-handling chamber 61 and switch 33,34.When iron chest 4 is advanced, utilize the oil pump 43-1 that drives by electrical motor 41-1 that the high pressure oil among the poultry depressor 44-1 is further pressurizeed, do to send oil between short facing to pipe 19 by transport pipe 37; Meanwhile, the oil pump 43-2 that is driven by electrical motor 42-2 drinks up the stress-free oil that accumulates in the pipe 20, sends high pressure oil by transport pipe 38 to the poultry depressor.When iron chest 4 was retreated, then action was with above-mentioned fully opposite.Being furnished with oil pressure on boats and ships upper deck, tween deck is 5 kilograms per centimeter ²About oil main line 36, oil be exactly from oil main line 36 by pressure-gradient control valve 40-1,40-2 supply, the oil that recycled returns original main oil tank 59.

Soil-shifting ship (code name is 45): this ship as shown in figure 12, make bow produce huge buoyancy on its structure, in ship, on the hull bottom of quarter of a ship, common propelling main frame 57 is installed, diesel-engine generator 58(is equipped with high-tension bus-bar 42 in full ship inside, its specification can satisfy whole electric power needs), main oil tank 59 and additional fuel tank 60; A pair of propelling unit of the present invention (its position is parallel with the propulsion of ship direction, and left-right symmetric) is set on upper deck as far as possible; Tween deck 64 is provided with a table oil pressure device (with reference to Figure 16).In order to use the deck effectively, make half distance of the outboard outstanding suitable width of the topside propelling unit that is contained in after half, form protrusion 55() with reference to Figure 15.For the inside at ship also can be provided with propelling unit of the present invention, be provided with room 56, be used to handle steel spirt 1.Be equipped with main transport pipe 36 that is equivalent to human body artery and many branch transport pipe that are equivalent to vein on upper deck and the tween deck, and main oil tank 59 just is equivalent to the heart of human body, it send oil to oil main line, send oil through the branch transport pipe to each equipment then.But when full power operation, the poultry depressor only forms the oil pressure relation with pipe, makeup oil every now and then, and main oil put 59 and additional fuel tank 60 in almost be empty; At the soil-shifting ship when move camp site at a distance, be sending additional fuel tank 60 back to the oil that must overflow this fuel tank in the main oil tank 59.

Ejector dozer (code name is 46): the ejector dozer on the bulldozer of it and present land use is same, and its size depends on the size of ship, is installed in the front of bow with Rocker arm 47 and axle 48; Constantly regulate a pair of oil hydraulic cylinder mast 49 when bulldozing, make ejector dozer 46 become 70 ° of angles with ground, the shape on plate top is done so that the water and soil compound can be in last upset.Get off to make ejector dozer 46 to rise and descend by making on mast 53 in the oil hydraulic cylinder 50 and the piston.During near the water surface and when water-bed, the angle of pipe 50 is slightly different at ejector dozer 46, thus entangle pipe 50 and spools 51 in the ball bearing of main shaft of 52 li of bearings, rotating that two pipes couple together, can free double action support angle.For preventing that mast 53 is subjected to the infringement of muddy water, can add outside that the telescopic soft cover of nylon system is protected, it is not contacted with water.

Operator's compartment (code name is 61): operator's compartment just is equivalent to the brains of human body aboard ship; Except that the equipment that general driving boats and ships are arranged, also concentrate all devices that cyberante is housed in the operator's compartment.In operator's compartment, can press button arbitrarily makes each iron chest 4 advance, stop or retreating, can be to the conversion of a certain position oil pressure, remote control is carried out in the rising of each steel spirt 1, decline, can monitor load condition and the soil-shifting state of ejector dozer, the situation of oil pressure etc. of each machine by the monitor unit that sensor is housed.In addition, equipment such as bottom topography recording device, accommodation determinator, depth index, water chaotic degree calibrating meter are housed also in the operator's compartment, can obtain all information, and can send instruction immediately, make disposal (not expressing among the figure).

Pressure accumulator (code name is 44): this is a kind of a kind of Oil Tank that can store the oil that the pressure energy is arranged, and likes very much a kind of cond.

Introduce the effect of relevant devices below.

As shown in Figure 8, steel spirt 1 let-down to water-bed ground, is formed supporting-point 10; Spirt is pushed down into the end, ground in the effect of prime power 17 then, and iron chest 4 begins to advance simultaneously, and spirt 1 begins to tilt from stand up position; Under the effect of the composite force of prime power 17 and oil pressure, boats and ships are simultaneously pushing away water-bed sand and are simultaneously advancing.

The same with land soil-shifting, not just to dig deep downwards during soil-shifting, but by regulating pipe 50, each one deck of only pruning thinly.Utilize the crank motion of iron chest 4 to realize three stages operatings, can bear the boats and ships one side of huge load and advance at a slow speed, one side judges whether to enter the limit according to the image on the upset situation monitoring device of the water and soil compound that is contained in ejector dozer 46 fwd high concentrations; As reaching the limit of the propelling unit of just stopping, promote each root spirt 1, this moment since the effect boats and ships of sand resistance begin to retreat, and the steel spirt D, the E(that retreat usefulness are referring to Figure 17) implement two stages operatings alternately simultaneously, propulsion of ship also helps ship to retreat with screw propeller; After return to the beginning place of cutting back ship and stop, begin soil-shifting again.But only when starting, ejector dozer 46 begins just to join with ground after the action in the B group.Then to positive middle part, new navigation channel orthogonal directions that design is determined left, is bulldozed respectively by two pairs of soil-shifting ships 45 to the right, leave after the navigation channel reached projected depth in affirmation, the track route of mobile again soil-shifting ship continues to dig dark river bed; Make other common engineering ship enter the river course that is excavated simultaneously, transport the sand that is accumulated in the left and right sides.If the sand that is pushed away is very strong, then can be by the bottom installing high-pressure water pipe of Rocker arm 47 and ejector dozer 46, utilize nozzle on the water pipe head to spray water and blow fluffing of moulding sand soil (not shown).

The stower propelling unit and the soil-shifting ship that utilize the present invention to propose can be obtained following effect.

(1) for also can't process so far owing to sand flows into the vast heap district forms, use stower propelling unit and the soil-shifting ship of the present invention's proposition can promptly leave new course line, other original working ship is navigated by water therein; Can be used for the soil that the soil-shifting ship is released immediately making newly.

(2) be that capacity of anti-storm is poor as a non-weakness from the auxiliary vessel that navigates, ship moved do short range with work pile and wirerope, it is very time-consuming to begin construction again after moving; And just can overcome above-mentioned shortcoming at four jiaos of installing stower propelling units of rectangle hull.

(3) the bucker-type control mud boat form pump dredge of fixing non-self-propulsion type gathers earth around the dredger with soil-shifting ship 45 then, just can improve the efficient of dredger greatly; Earth shifted onto from the left and right sides with two pairs of soil-shifting ships of interim setting and to come together, just can build into operating base or path easily, use the water pipe or the belt conveyor that do not have float, can improve conveying efficiency.

(4) exploitation and use be equipped be equivalent to land scraper and automatic loading and unloading truck and so on) device muck haulage ship (being unkitted rudder and propeller on the ship), just can utilize oil pressure to load, transport and dump earth.

(5) for backhoe shovel not and for the too shallow depth of water of auxiliary vessel, it is effective especially to use soil-shifting ship of the present invention to remove soil.

Below accompanying drawing is done simple declaration.

Fig. 1 is a planar view, Fig. 2 is lateral plan A～A ', Fig. 3 is plane section figure, wherein a is the lower flat section drawing of iron chest 4, b is the details drawing of piston 21, c is the detailed sectional side view and the section-drawing E～E ' of each several part in the expression iron chest 4, Fig. 4 is lateral plan B～B ', Fig. 5 is longitudinal diagram C～C ', Fig. 6 is longitudinal diagram D～D ', a is section-drawing F～F ', b is section-drawing H～H ', Fig. 7 is front elevation G～G ', Fig. 8 is the action diagram of this device, wherein a is the longitudinal diagram of seeing from the front, b is a planar view, and c is a longitudinal diagram, and Fig. 9 a is the details drawing of coil spring 28, b is the action detailed cross sectional view of axle 14, C is the switch details drawing, and Figure 10 is the oil pressure installation planar view, and Figure 11 is the details drawing of steel spirt 1, wherein a is the lateral plan of steel spirt 1, b, c, d is respectively section-drawing I～I ', J～J ', K～K ', e are the details drawings of pawl, f is the planar view L～L ' of pawl pressure head 12, g is the plane section figure M～M ' of pawl, and h is the planar view N～N ' that sees from bottom to top, and Figure 12 is the planar view of soil-shifting ship, Figure 13 is the vertical face figure of soil-shifting ship, Figure 14 is the front elevation of soil-shifting ship, and Figure 15 is the back view Q～Q ' of soil-shifting ship, and Figure 16 is the plane section figure of soil-shifting oceangoing ship, Figure 17 is the planar view of explanation spirt effect, and Figure 18 represents the lateral plan of matter matter spirt course of action.

Code name 1 is the steel spirt, and 2 is driven wheel, and 3 is guide gear, 4 is the iron chest, the 8th, and axle 13 and axle 14 center-to-center distance, the 9th, be reduced to the diaxon center-to-center distance of folded back position, the 10th, the supporting-point of steel spirt 1, the 11st, pawl, the 12nd, pawl pressure head, the 13rd, gear shaft, the 14th, guide gear axle, the 15th, outer shroud, the 16th, perforate round plate, the 17th, actuating device, the 18th, the distribution utmost point, the 19th, the iron chest advances and uses pipe, and the 20th, the iron chest retreats uses pipe, and the 21st, the iron chest advances and uses piston, the 22nd, the mast of piston 21, the 23rd, the iron chest retreats uses piston, and the 24th, the mast of piston 23, the 25th, axle 14 pipes that move, the 26th, axle 14 moves the piston of usefulness, the 27th, the mast of piston 26, the 28th, coil spring, the 29th, axle sleeve, the 30th, steel roller, the 31st, hard rubber band, the 32nd, chest platform, 33,34, the 35th, switch, the 36th, main transport pipe, 37, the 38th, transport pipe, the 39th, coil spring, the 40th, pressure-gradient control valve, the 41st, electrical motor, the 42nd, high-tension bus-bar, the 43rd, piston pump, the 44th, pressure accumulator, the 45th, the soil-shifting ship, the 46th, ejector dozer, the 47th, rocking arm, the 48th, ejector dozer pivot shaft, the 49th, oil hydraulic cylinder, the 50th, the ejector dozer hoist cylinder, 51 is adapter shafts of 50,52 is bearings of 51, the 53rd, mast and piston, the 54th, flexible soft cover, the 55th, outstanding deck, the 56th, the control cabin of steel spirt 1, the 57th, advance main frame, the 58th, electrical generator and exciting dynamo, the 59th, main oil tank, the 60th, additional fuel tank, the 61st, operator's compartment, the 62nd, a push-in stroke of stower propelling unit, the 63rd, the depth of water on construction ground, the 64th, tween deck.

Claims (10)

1, the steel spirt 1 that is inserted on the water-bed face produces enough ground supports power, powerful oil pressure and electric motor drive make the iron chest 4 that has former moving function and clamp function advance repeatedly, retreat, thus the marine propulsion that boats and ships are advanced as looper.

2, the marine propulsion that requires according to claim 1, wherein steel spirt 1 falls into the water by deadweight, and pawl 11 lands owing to the effect of water resistance is half open configuration; When the conical end of punt-pole was inserted ground, pawl flare up circle formed the strong point 10, produces enough ground supports power.

3, the marine propulsion that requires according to claim 1 is wherein clamped steel spirt 1 securely by being meshing with each other of the tooth between driven wheel 2 and the guide gear 3, makes spirt can promote boats and ships and makes its rise.

4, the marine propulsion that requires according to claim 1 wherein is equiped with driving device on the inside of iron chest 4 and the upper plate, utilizes the making a concerted effort of oil pressure of two pipes 19,20 of the application force of general-duty actuating device 17, makes iron chest 4 reciprocating.

5, the marine propulsion that requires according to claim 1, wherein by oil pressure and electrical motor application force make a concerted effort make the steel spirt do to a certain degree to tilt, electric operation makes at the bottom of steel spirt 1 leaving water and rises on the ground then, iron chest 4 turns back to the initial position simultaneously.

6, the marine propulsion that requires according to claim 1, wherein can in operation, change the direction of ship with the following method: as shown in figure 17, soon steel spirt A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4 under the firm let-down are arranged, as want left-handed turning to, A-3, A-4 are stopped, only allowing A-1, A-2 spirt move, have ring 15 to entangle outside the pawl 11 of A-3, A-4 at this moment, it doesn't matter with the main body of steel spirt, so be absorbed in the still rotatable change of direction of spirt main body under the ground-surface situation at pawl 11.

7, have following characteristics, be mainly used in and turn down the soil-shifting ship that is piled up in water-bed sand: the shape of ship is roughly oblong or bow is wide, stern narrow (as shown in figure 12), upper deck and upper edge, tween deck boats and ships working direction and about the propelling unit of many claims 1 regulations is set in couples, in the front of the big bow of buoyancy ejector dozer 46 is installed.

8, the underwater sand-shifting ship that requires according to claim 7, be arranged with three groups of stower propelling units on the ship, the B group begins action when the action of A group is more than half, and the A group begins to return and the C group begins action when B-part is more than half, and the B group begins to return and the A group begins action when C-part is more than half.Adopt this three stages operating methods can make boats and ships have the thrust that is equivalent to total thrust 2/3rds to do even, continuous propelling all the time.But when initiating was done originally, ejector dozer 46 began just to join with ground after the action in the B group.

9, the underwater sand-shifting ship that requires according to claim 7 is used for also in large quantities sand being pushed open both sides to the left and right rapidly because of sand inflow year in year out causes the impassable river course of boats and ships, leaves new navigation channel.

10, the underwater sand-shifting ship that requires according to claim 7 is used for because the central authorities in the river that the riverbed that the sand alluvial forms is above the ground level leave a water channel, to reduce the riverbed.

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