CN86105360A - Fast change top jaw system - Google Patents

Abstract

The claw assembly that more changes the outfit fast that is used for adorning the top pawl comprises that one is limited at the main dress bluff piece that the rotatable housing groove is done to radially slide, and one is contained in the auxilliary dress bluff piece or the locking wedge that can radially slide on the main dress bluff piece.The auxilliary dress bluff piece of advocating peace limits two radially relative wedges to form the dovetail structure, to cooperate the similar structure on the pawl of top.Auxilliary dress bluff piece is outwards pushed the pawl binding site by spring, when needs loosen pawl can by manually since then the position move inward.One manually operated lock cam rotatably is supported on the main dress bluff piece and can be changed over to locked position, when the bluff piece of mating formation during at the pawl binding site lock cam extend radially out below the shoulder of auxilliary dress bluff piece.

Description

The improvement erecting device of the relevant claw-type clamp of the present invention is used for changing fast top jaw.

Traditional claw-type clamp is equipped with a plurality of dress bluff pieces that radially can move on the rotatable collet body, dismountable pawl is used for clamping work pieces on these dress bluff pieces.A kind of traditional mounting process that dismountable pawl is contained on the bluff piece comprises the use threaded fastener.Yet this device is consuming time when changing pawl, makes the device of pawl increase size, quality and complexity, and often causes the decline of pawl assembly structure rigidity but to increase undesirable centrifugal force.

In order to attempt that pawl is loaded onto on the bluff piece assembly easily, once developed several devices, adopted a dress bluff piece assembly, it has main and auxiliary installation piece, and they can relatively move mutually so that load onto or pull down pawl.Yet the great majority of these devices also have these characteristics, promptly make structure and complicated operationization.

These devices are disclosed in United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 868,120; 3,219,356; 3,833,232; 2,667,358; 3,679,221; In 4,352,500.

Therefore, the present invention can make the top pawl dismantle fast and effectively and/or load onto about a kind of improved dress jaw arrangement.

In dress jaw arrangement of the present invention, a main dress bluff piece is being supported an auxiliary or locking dress bluff piece slidably.The auxilliary dress bluff piece of advocating peace is headed on radially in sunder by spring, and auxilliary dress bluff piece is at radially outermost.A lock cam rotatably is contained in above the main dress bluff piece, in order to auxilliary dress bluff piece is locked at an external position, so that pawl is held on securely.The auxilliary dress bluff piece of advocating peace has relative dovetail groove, in order to pawl on relative groove do quick and firm cooperation.Lock cam can be changed over to a release position, and in this position, auxilliary dress bluff piece can manually inwardly be removed with civilian dress at an easy rate or tear pawl open.

The centrifugal force that auxilliary dress bluff piece produces during rotation produces more firm clamping force by dovetail guide to pawl.This device allows that also the pawl point of pawl and folder workpiece can be placed in the front of more close collet body, thereby more close main shaft bearing, thereby better overall rigidity is provided.This device also has a limit stops, and it acts on advocates peace between the auxilliary dress bluff piece, when pawl is moved, because spring pressure, to keep auxilliary dress bluff piece in the position of placing restrictions on of outermost.

Fig. 1 is the view that shows the chuck front after the top pawl is removed.

Fig. 2 is the central cross-sectional view of chuck among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the part top view that shows dress claw assembly upper end among Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of doing along IV among Fig. 2-IV line.

Referring to accompanying drawing, chuck component 10 comprises housing 11, is supporting a plurality of (being three) dress claw assembly 12 above here, is placed in the relation that homogeneous angular is separated.Each dress claw assembly 12 has a pawl 13, is commonly called the top pawl, detachably top loading.Traditional actuator or rod assembly 14 connect dressing claw assemblies 12 to control its radial motion, control the position of the pawl 13 of contact workpiece thus.Aforesaid chuck component 10 is traditional and is used to be contained in and rotatably is supported in for example front of lathe of a lathe, in order to support work piece.

Housing 11 comprises a main loop shell spare 15, and it has a liner that is mounted in it with one heart or overlaps 16, has a centre bore 17 to pass shell spare 15 on the interior cover 16.Annular header board 18 usefulness securing members 19 are packed on the shell spare 15.The inner radial of plate 18 is radially overlapping the front end in hole 17, forms the front of rod assembly 14.The securing member 21 of a plurality of length fully passes housing so that be connected on the rotatable header board on the lathe spindle.

A plurality of T-slots 22 are arranged on the housing unit 11.The outer periphery that these grooves 22 pass housing by hole 17 is protruding, and passes axially opening outwards of front 25, and these grooves 22(is three here) the centre claw assembly 12 is housed, all be arranged to the relation that homogeneous angular is separated.An enlarged head portion 23 is arranged in the cross section of each groove 22, and it is placed in header board 18 axial outside segment distance places.Head 23 is being connected a narrower bar portion 24, and it axially passes header board 18.Groove 22 radially stretches out, and passes the periphery wall 26 of housing, and has a skidding or a slide plate 27 that is packed in rear wall traditionally, slides so that adorn claw assembly accordingly.

Dress claw assembly 12 comprises that a main dress bluff piece 31(is commonly called axial prong) its cross section is T shape, its size is made into can be placed in the corresponding groove 22 and radially slides suitably.Main dress bluff piece 31 has leg or bar portion protruding from groove, passes the front of header board 18, removably engages with top pawl 13, also will talk about below.

Wedge or cam part farming 32 are formed at the radial inner end of main dress bluff piece 31 here by (being integrally) regularly.This wedge portion 32 stretches into hole 17, and is matched with slidably in the wedge-shaped slot on the piston 33, and piston 33 and rod assembly 14 move together.This piston 33 is being supported and can endwisely slip to also have a bar that is installing 34 to stretch out backward by hole 17, this root bar 34 is being connected on the standard pull bar that can do axially-movable on the lathe.Main dress bluff piece and finishing being connected by the wedge-like cam of rod assembly, because the dress bluff piece is because the axially-movable of rod assembly and axially being moved, this is with traditional the same, and is shown in United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 424, in No. 467.

Dress bluff piece 31 has a groove 36, and it is radially inwardly stretched out by the outer end of dress bluff piece, passes one and gives fixed distance and arrive an inner end wall 37.The cross section of groove 36 is T shapes, so the front of dress bluff piece 31, axially opening outwards pass in the bar portion of groove.Therefore groove 36 is parallel to groove 22 extensions.

Dress claw assembly 12 also comprises an auxilliary dress bluff piece 38, is referred to as locking member or wedge below, and the cross section of auxilliary dress bluff piece 38 is T shapes, is supported at slidably in the groove 36 of main dress bluff piece 31.The bar portion of this locking wedge 38 is by axially stretching out forward in the groove 36, so the front of main dress bluff piece 31 and locking wedge 38 is each other basically all in same plane, and near the front 25 of housing.Main dress bluff piece 31 has a dress pawl structure 41, the dovetail guide structure of saying so exactly, and it is under shed.Locking wedge 38 has a similar dress pawl structure 42, the dovetail guide structure of saying so exactly and making progress.These dovetail guides 41 and 42 substantially parallel extensions, and arranged that so promptly they all are substantially perpendicular to the center line that the dress claw assembly radially extends.The wedge surface at the rear portion on each dovetail guide is made 45 with respect to the rotating shaft 20 of chuck component and is extended.In addition, dovetail guide 42 is arranged to by guide rail 41 radially outside 4.

Locking wedge 38 is being pressed continuously by stage clip 43, radially makes progress with respect to main dress bluff piece 31.Stage clip 43 is placed between the lower end of locking wedge 38 and groove 36.Backstop or stop screw 44 are twisted and are combined in and are piercing in main dress bluff piece 31 and enter groove 36.The inner end of screw 44 has a head end to stretch in the radially elongated slot 45 of locking on wedge 38 sidewalls.There is shoulder the opposite end of this groove 45, it as stop surface with place restrictions on locking wedge 38 with respect to dress bluff piece 31 at radially interior and outer extreme position.

There is a release groove 48 rear surface of locking wedge 31.Groove 48 is radially protruding by the radially inner end of locking wedge, and arrives an inside shoulder or stop surface 49.This shoulder 49 and latch assembly 51 move together, and feasible locking wedge 38 is locked at securely with respect to the master to be adorned on the extreme position of bluff piece outermost.

In order to accommodate and limit latch assembly 51, main dress bluff piece 31 has a hole 52, and it is radially inwardly stretched out by outer peripheral face, and this hole 52 is parallel with the rear surface of T-slot 22 and axially leave a distance.There are the seat part of a screw type or dress bluff piece 31 stubborn the closing of cam 53 and close lower end, hole in hole 52.This seat 53 has a upper surface, and rotation seat can be regulated the height of this face.A lock cam 54, it is cylindrical basically, by closely but rotatably prop up and be held in the hole 52, so the lower end of cam 54 is leaning seat 53.Lock cam 54 has the bar 55 of a diameter reduction, and it is by axially protruding in the hole 52, so the free end of bar 55 is placed in the radially-outer surface near main dress bluff piece.Bar 55 has a suitable structure, and for example the hole 56, is used for accommodating a traditional instrument, for example in the hexagonal wrench so that rotating cam 54 selectively.Bar 55 passes an end plate 57, and end plate 57 blocks in the hole 52 outer end with the lock cam in the limiting hole, and end plate is fixed on the dress bluff piece by securing member (for example screw).

The upper axial surface of lock cam 54 or shoulder 61 are arranged to directly be in shoulder 49 belows of locking wedge, can be fixed on its radially outer extreme position to allow the locking wedge.

Basically the columniform periphery wall 62 of lock cam 54, in the time need being fixed on its outer extreme position to locking wedge 38, the radius of periphery wall 62 makes cam with respect to locking wedge location, the result makes cam stretch into release channel 48 under the shoulder 49, in order to discharge locking wedge 38, remove a part on the periphery wall of lock cam 54 and form a plane 63.When being rotated, lock cam 54 make this plane 63 be placed in the relation of facing (promptly parallel) with the axial rear surface of locking wedge 38 mutually, thereby lock cam 54 no longer stretch out in shoulder 49 below, therefore locking wedge can be by manually radially inwardly displaced from groove 36.

Top pawl 13 has relative bottom and top mounting structure 65 and 66, and they are made into dovetail guide, and they all are designed to cooperate corresponding dovetail guide 41 and 42, so the front 68 that will limit on the dressing claw assembly, the back 67 of top pawl and being dragged suitably.The close upper and lower end of top pawl 13 near the place of dovetail guide 65 and 66, has the paired leg that stretches out backward 69, and when the top pawl was loaded onto, they were protruding above dovetail guide, and the suitable effectively relative both sides that extend across the dressing bluff piece.

Be inserted in the hole 56 of bar 55 for top pawl 13 being loaded onto 12, one wrench of claw assembly, lock cam 54 is turned over 1/3rd to be changeed.Because plane 63 is placed in the rear portion in the face of locking wedge 38, this just makes lock cam 54 retreat below shoulder 49.Because the pressure of spring 43, locking wedge 38 is stayed its radially outer extreme position.The operator applies finger pressure at this moment and props up outer surface 71, locking wedge 38 is headed on the inside slippage of pressure of spring 43.This makes it less than size or opening between top pawl 13 upper rails 65 and 66 with regard to dovetail guide 42 being moved inward reduce towards guide rail 41 distance between the two.The 38 radially inner motions of lock wedge are placed restrictions on by the engagement of screw 44 and groove 45 upper ends.In the time of on using the inner radial position that manually locking wedge 38 is remained on it, the operator axially shifts to top pawl 13 front of chuck component this moment, thereby each side leg 69 strides dressing bluff piece 31, and dovetail guide 41 and 42 stretches into the opening by the top pawl that is limited between guide rail 65 and 66.This motion of the top pawl that is caused by the operator is directly towards chuck component and be arranged essentially parallel to rotating shaft 20.At this moment the operator just can loosen the finger pressure that is pressed on the locking wedge 38, therefore spring 43 is just pressing the locking radial wedge outside, thereby make the top dovetail guide 66 on the dovetail guide 42 engagement top pawls, because the pressure of spring 43, make the motion radially outward continuously of locking wedge, the result correctly meshes top pawl 13 with guide rail 41 and 42.Subsequently, operator artificially rotation lock cam 54 makes it oppositely go back to its home position, causes the position of top shoulder 61 immigrations on the lock cam directly to be in side under the shoulder 49 of locking on the wedge, to prevent to lock the radially inwardly motion of wedge.This just causes the locking wedge to be securely fixed on its position of radially outermost, and is engaged on the guide rail 41 and 42 that matches by dovetail guide 65 and 66, keeps the top pawl to be contained on the claw assembly 12 securely reliably.

By chuck component rotation and the centrifugal force that produces radially outward pushes away locking wedge 38, this helps the quilt of top pawl 13 firmly to keep clamping, because it is being limited by guide rail 41 and 42.

Shoulder 61 is the plane normally, but also little gradient can be arranged, to eliminate lock cam gap between the surface 49 and 61 when the locked position.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of chuck structure has a housing to rotate around an axle, and a plurality of dress claw assemblies are contained on the housing can do radial motion, and each dress claw assembly can be loaded onto a top pawl, and the front near housing is characterized by:

Each described dress claw assembly (12) is changed to allow top pawl (13) dress admittedly and fast with device, described device comprises that a main dress bluff piece (31) is contained in the first direction motion of described housing (11) upper edge slidably, this direction comprises the radial component of motion, described main dress bluff piece (31) has one first guide frame (41) and top pawl to cooperate, a locking wedge (38) is supported in described main dress bluff piece (31) upper edge second direction slidably and does to slide relatively, this direction is arranged essentially parallel to described first direction, described locking wedge (38) can relatively move between top pawl clip position and top pawl release position with respect to main dress bluff piece, described two positions are radially separated, described locking wedge (38) has second guide frame (42) and top pawl to cooperate, described first and second guide frames (41,42) be arranged to the relation of radially being separated by and being set at least in part in the footpath in the opposite direction so that top pawl (13) radially is clamped in the centre, also have spring assembly (43) to be used for radially pressing locking wedge (38) frequently, make it towards described clip position with respect to described main dress bluff piece.

2, as the structure in the claim 1, it is characterized by locking device (51) is contained on the described main dress bluff piece (31) movably, when the locking wedge is at described clip position, in order to prevent that described locking wedge from leaving the motion of described clip position, locking device (51) can cooperate with described locking wedge (38).

3, as the structure in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized by described first and second guide frames (41,42) and limit each wedge, these wedges all tilt in opposite direction with respect to rotating shaft, and and the tilting gearing of being located on the pawl of top that matches (65,66) moves together.

4, as the structure in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized by described housing (11) and comprise a groove (22), it passes outer surface opening radially outward, described groove (22) has a center line, the relation that it extends radially out and becomes to intersect vertically with rotation, the front (25) that described groove (22) also passes housing is opening axially, described main dress bluff piece (31) is limited in the described groove does radial displacement, described main dress bluff piece has a groove (36) to be formed at radial position, and the outside opening in the front of passing housing, described locking wedge (38) is defined to wherein and can be along described fluted shaft to moving, described second guide frame (42) is set to by described first guide frame (41) radially outward, described spring assembly (43) mating reaction between described locking wedge and described main dress bluff piece, described locking radial wedge outwards is pressed into described clip position, described locking wedge (38) is radially inwardly removed from described clip position, towards described release position, described locking wedge (38) has a radially inner shoulder (49) forming, and described locking device (51) comprises locked position of the rotatable immigration of a locking member (54), when described locking wedge was in described clip position, this locking member (54) extended radially out below described shoulder (49).

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