CN86104473A - 高效能的单相异步发电机接线方法 - Google Patents

高效能的单相异步发电机接线方法 Download PDF

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CN86104473A
CN86104473A CN 86104473 CN86104473A CN86104473A CN 86104473 A CN86104473 A CN 86104473A CN 86104473 CN86104473 CN 86104473 CN 86104473 A CN86104473 A CN 86104473A CN 86104473 A CN86104473 A CN 86104473A
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CN86104473B (zh
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吴汉光
林孝义
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Fuzhou University
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Abstract

单相异步发电机是一种发电装置。它的接线方式直接关系到电机的容量和有效材料的利用率,是一个十分重要的问题。本发明提出的接线方式利用自励电流和负载电流在相位上的搭配,使得电机的全部导体既对输出负载作贡献,也对电机的无功伏安作贡献,从而大大提高了电机的出力和节省了原材料。

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本发明涉及电机的接线方式,特别是单相异步发电机的接线方式。
目前,国内外单相电容自励异步发电机,一般都是由单相异步电动机或三相异步电动机改接而成,通常带阻性负载。它的接线方式直接关系到电机的容量大小和有效材料利用率的高低,所以,这是一个十分重要的问题。在现有的技术中,美国麻省理工学院的D.J.Bernays提供了一种把带辅绕的单相异步电动机改接成单相发电机的接线方式(参阅IEEE PESC 1982年年会会议记录第185页),其具体的做法是将辅助绕组弃置不用,主绕组兼作励磁和电枢绕组。所以,流经主绕组的总电流
Figure 86104473_IMG1
A是负载电流
Figure 86104473_IMG2
R和励磁电流
Figure 86104473_IMG3
C的相量和。这种接线方式的缺点是,只使用了部分定子绕组,材料利用率低; C
Figure 86104473_IMG5
R的相位差大约90°左右,由它们所叠加主绕组电流 A总是比负载电流
Figure 86104473_IMG7
R大,即是说,最大的负载电流
Figure 86104473_IMG8
RN小于输出绕组的额定电流
Figure 86104473_IMG9
AN,所以,采用这种接线方式的电机出力小、负载能力不能令人满意。
针对上述技术所存在的缺点,本发明的任务是设计一种励磁功率大、出力大、材料利用率高的单相异步发电机的接线方式。
本发明的任务通过以下方法来实现:
电机的定子绕组由两个轴线互相垂直的绕组OA、OB所构成,两个绕组的额定电流可以相等,也可以不相等,当额定电流不相等时,以额定电流小的绕组作OA绕组,绕组OA在相位上超前绕组OB90电度。这两个绕组反接串联后,在AB端并接电容C自励,绕组OA接负载。电容C的选择以励磁电流
Figure 86104473_IMG10
C不超过绕组的额定电流为原则。因为励磁电流经全部定子导体,使电机的全部导体对励磁作贡献,提高了励磁功率和材料的利用率;又由于绕组OA和绕组OB反接串联,使励磁回路的电势相位超前负载回路的电势相位,致使容性励磁电流 C与负载电流 R的相位差大于90°,这两个电流在绕组OA中的相量和
Figure 86104473_IMG13
A在数值上就有可能小于负载电流 R。空载时,绕组OA的电流就是
Figure 86104473_IMG15
C,接上负载后,随着
Figure 86104473_IMG16
R的上升, A的逐渐下降至某一个最低值。如果负载继续加大,
Figure 86104473_IMG18
A则开始上升,直到额定值
Figure 86104473_IMG19
AN,此时有
Figure 86104473_IMG20
R
Figure 86104473_IMG21
RN
Figure 86104473_IMG22
AN即负载电流的极大值
Figure 86104473_IMG23
RN超过了绕组的额定电流
Figure 86104473_IMG24
AN(见图一)。显而易见,电机的负载能力也大大地提高了。
为了维持电机输出电压恒定,可通过并接在电容C两端的控制器改变其电容值来实现。
下面结合附图2、3、4分别对本发明的三个实施例作进一步的说明。
图2,将带有辅助绕组的单相异步电动机改接成发电机的接线图。
图3,将三相异步电动机改接成发电机的接线图。
图4,电机重新嵌线的接线图。
图2中绕组OB为电动机的主绕组,绕组OA为电动机的辅助绕组,它们反接串联后并接电容器C1,为了充分利用OB绕组,增大其励磁无功功率,在OB绕组两端另并接电容器C2。C1、C2皆为励磁电容,C1为固定电容,它的选择原则是当电机空载时,使通过OA绕组的电流
Figure 86104473_IMG25
A等于该绕组的额定电流 AN;C2选择的原则是在C1确定的条件下,使通过绕组OB的电流
Figure 86104473_IMG27
C在负载范围内不超过其额定值。
图3中C为自励电容,它的选择原则是无论空载,还是负载,使流经绕组的电流不超过绕组的电流额定值。
图4中电机定子的两个绕组OA和OB的轴线互相垂直、有效匝数及额定电流皆相等,绕组OA和绕组OB反接串联后,并接电容器C自励电容器C选择的原则是使 C不超过绕组电流的额定值。
在上述的实例中,可分别在图2中的C2两端,图3、图4中的C两端并接控制器,如1晶闸管;控制器,通过控制器改变它们的电容值以维持电机输出电压的恒定。
下表为按D、J、Bernays.Jr所提供接线方式制造的电机和采用本发明第三个实例所提供的接线方式(图4)制造的电机的性能比较
(表见下页)
Figure 86104473_IMG29
本发明提出的接线方式的优点在于,(1)由于利用了自励电流和负载电流在相位上搭配,使得电机的全部导体既对输出负载作贡献,也对电机的无功伏安作贡献,从而大大提高了电机的出力,节省了原材料,提高了电机的输出功率、降低了成本。(2)不论对现有电机的改装还是重新嵌线,工艺简单易行。
由于具备上述优点,本发明将使得单相异步发电机更具有实用性,对于推广单相异步发电机的应用具有很大的价值。

Claims (5)

1、一种单相异步发电机的接线方式,电机定子绕组由两个轴线相互垂直的绕组(OA、OB)所构成,其中一个绕组(OA)在相位上超前另一个绕组(OB)90电度,绕组(OA)既接负载,又接在励磁回路上,其特征在于,绕组(OA)和绕组(OB)反接串联后,并接电容器C。
2、根据权利要求1所述的发电机接线方式,其特征在于,所述的绕组(OA)是单相异步电动机的辅助绕组,绕组(OB)是单相异步电动机的主绕组。
3、根据权利要求2所述的发电机的接线方式,其特征在于,所述的绕组(OB)两端并接电容器C2
4、根据权利要求1所述的发电机接线方式,其特征在于,所述的绕组(OA)可以是三相异步电动机的任意一相绕组,绕组(OB)是其余两相绕组反接串联而成。
5、根据权利要求1所述的发电机接线方式,其特征在于,所述的绕组(OA)和绕组(OB)有效匝数相等,额定电流相同。
CN86104473A 1986-06-29 1986-06-29 高效能的单相异步发电机接线方法 Expired CN86104473B (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109302030A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-02-01 上海电机学院 一种单相单绕组永磁同步发电机

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109302030A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-02-01 上海电机学院 一种单相单绕组永磁同步发电机

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