CN86103542A - The big current fuse of band arc extinguishing measure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is the fuse of the big electric current of blocking.It comprises a not shell of heap sand or similar arc quenching material.This shell preferably has the end cap of drawing of closure end, and molten part extends between end cap.This shell has a kind of material that discharges arc extinguishing gases at its inner surface at least.The stopper of being made by a kind of ablator that stops electric arc is around each molten part end, so that molten part passes from the stopper perforation.Should preferably also pass the stopper outside metallic plate contiguous by molten part with end cap.

Description

The big current fuse of band arc extinguishing measure

The present invention relates to the fuse of the ability that stops greatly.Here, be at least about 1000 ampere-hours at the order of magnitude of electric current, fuse blows can produce the electric arc of macro-energy, and this fuse does not comprise as automobile fuse and so on.The fuse of these big cutout abilities generally has a molten part, and this molten part is connected between the exit of two garden tubular end caps on electric, and these two exits are enclosed within the two ends of the garden cylindrical outer casing that is full of sand.But some aspect of the present invention is not limited to the fuse of garden cylindrical outer casing, can also be applied to the fuse of " prismatic ".

Small-sized and the microminiature fuse of this form, operation (for example up to 150 volts) under lower voltage.Requirement cutout ability is that 1500 amperes situation is not rare, and also needs bigger cutout ability sometimes, for example, and the 5-6 kilo-ampere; When interdicting big like this electric current, can produce high-octane electric arc.If this electric arc did not extinguish before extending to the metal exit of fuse, then impossible breaking current, fuse may explode, and this is not wish occurrence.For extinguish arcs before taking place in this phenomenon, the fuse of normally used big cutout ability fills sand.But this cost of filling the sand fuse is higher than the fuse that does not fill sand.Therefore, be necessary to develop the fuse that needn't fill sand or other similar fillers, but fuse also to there be safe and reliable big cutout ability.

For this purpose, the various arc extinguishing measures of filling sand that are different from have been worked out.A kind of measure is the arc barrier of solid, this barrier layer with the form of compressible stopper or congener closely around the end of molten part, as the barrier layer of arc channel.Another kind of measure is to utilize the stopper that complete basically materials evaporated is made under the situation of molten part fusing, so that make fuse shell be full of a kind of gas, before electric arc extended to the fuse exit, this gas just can be with arc extinction.

No. 8005419 patent applications of Holland disclose a kind of fuse, and its garden cylindrical outer casing is combined into by a tubular outer element and a tubular internal component.Inner member is to be made by the material of high thermoconductivity and low heat shock resistance.When having served as live circulation superfusion part, the inner member fragmentation, heat that is produced and vapour are absorbed by these broken parts, can prevent to cause the electric arc of fuse blast like this, this known fuse need be by two molecular shells of concentric tube, this requirement has increased the cost of product, and can't know that this fuse safety bears the ability of big breaking current.

An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fuse that interdicts big electric current.This fuse adopts the measure of unique cheapness just can avoid causing the electric arc of fuse blast.

According to characteristics of the present invention, reach this purpose to adopt a kind of material uniquely; This material discharges a kind of arc extinguishing gases at material surface under the high-temperature condition of molten part fusing, but should the surface preferably also maintenance itself is complete.This material belongs to a kind of ablator, and whole casing preferably all uses this ablator to make.In any case the inner surface of shell should adopt the material that can discharge arc extinguishing gases at least.Some nature has been an ablator, for example, and polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimides, melamine and polysulfones or the like.Although (some fuse had adopted these materials to make shell in the past, but such fuse or a kind ofly do not propose the fuse that arc quenching material requires, otherwise be exactly because of the blow-out performance of not understanding this material and adopted the fuse of sand as arc quenching material.) other material also can become ablator; For example, absorb gas on material surface, making fluorine be absorbed into quartz surfaces is exactly an example.Making molten part so also suits: can do fuse with ablator, on fuse around thin fusible metal silk or apply thin fusible metal layer.(this molten part is actually backward at process aspect.）

In fuses more of the present invention of introducing just now, when molten part fuses, still may produce dangerous electric arc.For fear of this phenomenon takes place, preferably contiguous in the enclosure each fuse exit place loads onto the stopper with holes that ablator is made, and molten part passes each Kong Houtong exit contact.The perforation of each stopper, preferably and the axis of shell at an angle.The size of this plug hole is greater than the size of molten part, so that molten part passes the hole at an easy rate, so that the fuse assembling.The inwall that the hole limited answers close enough to melt part, with the barrier layer as arc channel.Therefore, this Kong Yingyue is not more than 20 times of molten part diameter, preferably is not more than 10 times, so that stop that effectively from then on electric arc pass through.Minimum clearance should satisfy the requirement that molten part passes this hole easily.

If shell is made by the material that can be plastically deformed, stopper can also be made one with shell, for example, makes the inside reinforcement of shell.The shell of even now is former have been adopted, and still, is used to make the shell wall reinforcement of stopper, and purpose is for to the center, rather than is used for arc extinguishing.

According to another characteristics of the present invention, for a kind of like this possibility, electric arc extension of promptly expanding and the possibility of burning the garden tubular end cap of enclosed fuse shell are restricted to minimum degree, can be assembled to a metallic plate with holes respectively the outside of the stopper with holes that each end ablator of fuse makes, or preferably with its outside adjacency.Molten part had both passed the stopper with holes that ablator is made, and also passed metallic plate with holes.This piece metallic plate has increased the thickness on arc channel barrier layer, and metal is usually than more difficult the burning of synthetic plastic element (having desired ablation property) of same size.

According to another viewpoint of the present invention, preferably (but not being necessary) adopts the shell of ablator, and shell is made up of a pair of toxoplasm that faces toward mutually, insulate, and they are fixed together by the end cap of hollow conduction.One of toxoplasm of shell is half a solid Cylinder preferably, and the surface applies thin metal level within it, and another shell toxoplasm is half a hollow Cylinder.In this embodiment, the end face center of each end cap preferably is provided with a butt taper part that caves inward, and each end place of the toxoplasmatic vicinity of solid shell all has a surface to be the recess of half taper.Thin fusible metal coating trails on the surface of this half taper recess.The butt taper that the caves inward part of each end cap preferably compresses with the thin metal backing of the toxoplasmatic half taper recess of the solid shell of adjacency and contacts.The fuse structure of this uniqueness helps cheap a kind of reliable fuse of making.

With reference now to accompanying drawing,, various forms of the present invention is illustrated.

Fig. 1 is the profile of an embodiment of the present invention's fuse;

Fig. 2-the 5th, the profile of an end of the present invention's fuse different embodiments;

Fig. 6 is the profile of another embodiment of the present invention's fuse;

Fig. 7 is the profile of an end of another embodiment of fuse of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the profile of the present invention's another embodiment of fuse;

Fig. 9 is the profile that the line IX-get at the IX place in Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is a perspective view, the part of fuse shown in the presentation graphs 8.

Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention's fuse, and it comprises the shell 1 that a reality is the garden tubular.A molten part 2 is set in shell 1, for example is a kind of known fine wire or around the coil that carries the fine wire that the line body twines of an electric ablator of going up insulation; To the molten part of both of these case, can be provided with or not be provided with bead.This molten part 2 is preferably in and is the diagonal arrangement in the shell 1, the curved edge of walking around shell 1, its end.Molten part end tightens edge (being the end of shell 1) and between the end cap 3,4 that is slidable fit on the end of shell 1.Shell 1 preferably is made of plastics, ablator.Along shell 1 a pair of groove 5 and 6 are arranged in garden week, and groove 5 and 6 separately the place the plane respectively with the axis normal of shell 1.A little inwardly contracting in end cap 3 and 4 annular section end 7 and 8, and is embedded in groove 5 and 6, and this just makes each parts of fuse be assembled together securely.As shown, the curved edge of walking around shell 1, the end of fuse 2, the length of this fuse can be got like this: the two ends of fuse be may extend in groove 5 and 6, with they end 7 and 8 following chuckings at end cap, this just makes the electric contact between fuse and the end cap more reliable, and there is no need fuse to be soldered on the end cap again.

The end cap 3 of illustrated fuse and 4 can constitute with the material that generally is used for end cap, as nickel, nickel-plated brass, silver-plated copper and other metal.The wire of molten part also can constitute with the metal that generally is used for molten part, as tin, copper, silver and similar metal.Shell 1 can be made up of a single garden tube, perhaps is made up of two " half garden tubes " (one " half garden tube " is contained on another " half garden tube "); This shell 1 adopts a kind of ablator to make, and we say that this material at high temperature can decomposite a kind of material, thereby discharge a kind of gas, but this gas extinguish arcs when molten part fuses.The ablator that is suitable for is plastics, the synthetic plastics material that has suitable mechanical strength and can tolerate the high temperature that occurs when molten part fuses.For example, the commodity that this material is known Victrex PEEK by name, it can not have the thing of dosing also can dose glass fibre; Arnite, Ryton R ₄, Polysulfon and high thermoplastic polycarbonate (High Heat Lexan).But shell 1 also can adopt known nonablative material, yet its inner surface portion also through handling, makes it become ablator.Give one example, have the quartz container that absorbs fluorine as its inner surface.

At small-sized and microminiature fuse (for example, be of a size of 5 * 20 millimeters or 6.3 * 32 millimeters) in, adopt the way of filling fine sand for reaching big rupturing capacity (current strength is greater than 1500 amperes) always, extinguish the electric arc that when molten part fuses, produces with sand.Adopt the ablator of the present invention then can be without heap sand; We can say that the effect of sand is replaced by the gas that ablator discharges.

The profile of an end of other various embodiments of fuse of Fig. 2-5 expression the present invention; The numbering that adopts among the Ref. No. of corresponding component and Fig. 1 among the figure is identical.

There is a stopper 9 end of the fuse shown in Fig. 2, and this stopper is positioned at contiguous place, fuse end in the cylindrical outer casing of the garden of ablator.Stopper 9 adopts the appropriate insulation material to constitute, and if desired, also can be ablator.Have a perforation 10 on the stopper 9, this perforation has an angle to the axis of shell 1.Molten part 2 passes this perforation 10.The purpose that stopper 9 is set at the place, end of contiguous garden cylindrical outer casing 1 is before the gas that electric arc is discharged by shell 1 ablator extinguishes, and prevents that plasma jet (occurring when producing electric arc in molten part fusing) from impacting end cap 3; The perforation 10 that axis to shell 1 stretches at an angle is set, and also is helpful to reaching this purpose.Illustrated fuse can obtain desirable effect; Fuse shell 1 is made of high thermoplastic polycarbonate (High Heat Lexan) among the figure, and stopper 9 also uses high thermoplastic polycarbonate (High Heat Lexan) to make; Adopt simultaneously nickel-plated brass end cap 3 and 4 with and the copper fuse of interior plating, the fuse diameter is 100 microns.There is a little tin to drip the bead of formation at the middle part of fuse.

Figure 3 illustrates and prevent that issuable plasma jet from impacting the another kind of possibility of end cap; The garden dish 11 of tape punching of (or at this end the inside) installing on the end of shell 1, and without the insulating material stopper of tape punching; In this case, garden dish 11 tightens between the back of the body end face of the end cap 3 of the end of shell 1 and sleeve configuration; Molten part 2 passes the hole in the garden dish 11, and tightens between shell 1 and end cap 3, and its method is as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 illustrates stopper and the situation that metal garden dish is combined of an insulation.In this embodiment, we can say that stopper 12 and metal garden dish 13 has constituted the parts of an integral body; In this embodiment, perforation 14 coils 13 by stopper 12 and garden, and coaxial with shell 1.

Fig. 5 illustrates the method for settling stopper and fixing molten part in another embodiment.In this embodiment, molten part 2 passes a perforation 15 that is arranged in the contiguous insulating material stopper of locating 16 in shell 1 end, and this perforation is coaxial with shell 1.Molten part 2 is fixed on the end cap 3 by a solder flux 17.

Fig. 6 shows the profile of a suitable embodiment of the present invention's fuse.In this embodiment, shell 1 is made of a kind of plastics or deformable ablator.This shell of cylindrical outer casing 1(can be combined by two " half garden tubes " in the garden of manufacturing) time, bump 18 and 19 just is arranged on the contiguous place of its end in other words towards interior protruding garden, and bump 18 with 19 with Fig. 2,4 and 5 illustrated embodiments in stopper have identical effect.As shown in Figure 7, utilize the metallic plate of tape punching between end cap 3 and bump 18 to coil 20 in the garden in other words, can further increase the inhibition of article on plasma stream.Subsidiary saying, stopper, garden dish and (or) bump, in whole embodiments of being set forth, melt part to remain on suitable center in shell 1 all be useful making.

A different embodiment of Fig. 8-10 explanation the present invention's fuse.Fig. 8 is a profile; Fig. 9 illustrates a profile of being got along the line IX-IX among Fig. 8; Figure 10 is illustrated in the perspective view of the part of one of sub-assembly shown in Fig. 8 parts.In Fig. 8-10, identical parts are all represented with identical Ref. No..

Comprise a shell toxoplasm supporting body 21 in other words longitudinally at the fuse shown in Fig. 8-10, solid of the half garden cylindricality that its preferably a kind of electric ablator of going up insulation is done.One becomes the forniciform toxoplasm of shell longitudinally to be fixed on the supporting body 21, half garden tube of preferably a kind of electric upward material of insulation of this shell toxoplasm is the shape of half hollow cylinder 22 in other words, and half hollow cylinder 22 also is made of a kind of arc extinguishing ablator.Supporting body 21 has a smooth inner surface 21a, and 21a is surrounded by half hollow cylinder 22; Supporting body 21 has constituted a garden cylindrical outer cover with a cavity with half hollow cylinder 22, and the space that this cavity is promptly limited by the garden cylindrical internal surface of the inner surface 21a of supporting body 21 and half hollow garden tube 22.Half hollow garden tube 22 is adaptive with supporting body 21, for example can be engaged to realizations in the cannelure 23 in the supporting body 21 by means of the arris with tube 22, as shown in Figure 9.Half hollow garden tube 22 and supporting body 21 are stuck tightly by the end cap 24 and 25 that is slidingly matched on the combination Cylinder end.End cap 24 and 25 each all form by a bottom and a upright ring edge, upright ring edge is round the combination Cylinder interlock that is made of supporting body 21 and half hollow cylinder 22.In the end away from bottom of end cap 24 and 25 upright ring edges, ring edge curves inwardly slightly, shown in 26 and 27.The corresponding groove 28 and 29 that in the outer surface of half garden tube 22, forms separately the place the plane respectively with axis normal; Equally, in the outer surface of supporting body 21 corresponding groove 30 and 31 separately the place the plane respectively with axis normal.Nipping in groove 28 and 30 in the aduncate edge 26 of end cap 24, in groove 29 and 31, has so just formed a strong rigid structure and nip in the aduncate edge 27 of end cap 25.

Place in contiguous each end of solid supporting body 21 upper plane has the recess 32 and 33 of one and half tapers respectively.Molten part promptly is arranged on the upper face of supporting body 21 with the form of thin metal backing 34.In the embodiment illustrated, being shaped as of metal backing: the end at supporting body is wide, and the half- cone recess 32 and 33 of end is covered; Middle part direction towards supporting body 21 is then narrower.Nature can adopt multi-form molten part, and for example, coating is equal by the width of whole supporting body, and attenuates or convergent in contiguous supporting body center.Not necessarily must smoothly can not in the plane of supporting body 21 (there is metal backing 34 top); In this surface, suitable groove indenture in other words can be arranged.Have been found that the suitably selected groove style of indenture in other words, can influence the blocking performance (especially to breaking time and lap position) of fuse.

There is a butt taper part 35 that concaves into from the bottom surface at the bottom middle part of end cap 24; Equally, end cap 25 also has a same butt taper part 36.When end cap 24 and 25 during installation in position, butt taper part 35 and 36 just compresses the recess 32 of supporting body 21 first tapers and the metal backing 34 of 33 tops, contacts so just reached at end cap 24,25 and as the good electrical between the coating 34 of molten part.

If (the electric arc sectional dimension is bigger than molten part size), the then best results of ablation effect when the cross section of the size in cavity and electric arc is the same order of magnitude in other words in hole that its internal combustion of molten part fusing back electric arc; In general, under the situation of garden cylindrical, hole or cavity are less than 10 millimeters.

If between the ionized gas of arc barrier that is shaped and formation electric arc, have directly contact, the situation that comes to this: generally speaking be to mean that the arc column radial expansion will be subjected to the restriction on this barrier layer.So, to limit to some extent the size in the hole of the arc barrier of the shaping of its internal combustion electric arc; Midget fuse (for example 5 * 20 millimeters and 6.3 * 32 millimeters) to general size generally can meet this requirement.Very clear, this ablation effect not only exists in the cylindrical of garden, and also exists in the cavity in other words in the hole of the suitable size of other shape.

Its intention is as follows: in wide claim, and unlike in order to implement the best mode that the present invention considers, the details of specific embodiment disclosed herein is described in detail, and wide claim should not be limited on these details.In addition, although the detail of claim of the present invention has generally constituted important concrete aspect of the present invention, in appropriate circumstances, related concrete claim also should be analyzed according to the principle of equivalent.

Claims (18)

1, one is used for interdicting the fuse that is at least about 1000 amperage magnitude electric currents, and it comprises a molten part, and this molten part is placed between two interior exits of an insulation crust, and this insulation crust is heap sand or other similar arc-quenching filler material not; Above-mentioned molten part comprises a kind of suitable electric conducting material, and its end vis-a-vis links to each other with above-mentioned exit on electric, and it is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell is made by a kind of material at least partially.Under the temperature of this material when molten part fusing at least in the enclosure the surface can decompose, discharge the gas of the electric arc that produces in the time of extinguishing above-mentioned molten part fusing, and without heap sand or materials similar.

2, according to the fuse of claim 1, it is characterized in that: whole casing is to be made by a kind of ablator, and it is complete that this material can remain shell at above-mentioned inner surface of outer cover (being exposed in the molten part fusing environment) when discharging above-mentioned gas.

3, according to the fuse of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: this molten part comprises an electric supporting body of going up insulation, and this supporting body is made by a kind of material that discharges arc extinguishing gases, has fusible metal above it.

4, according to the fuse of claim 3, it is characterized in that: this shell comprises a main longitudinally toxoplasm that holds fusing carrier, and above-mentioned molten part is placed on this main toxoplasm inner surface; Comprise that also becomes a forniciform vertical toxoplasm, this toxoplasm is vertically relative with above-mentioned shell master toxoplasm medial surface, and surrounds this medial surface; The exit of end cap shape is arranged in above-mentioned shell end vis-a-vis, and the end cap ring is wrapping the interlock of above-mentioned shell toxoplasm and is helping them to tighten together.

5, fuse, it comprises a molten part that is arranged between interior two exits of an insulation crust, should comprise a kind of suitable electric conducting material by molten part, and its end vis-a-vis links to each other with above-mentioned exit on electric, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell comprises a main longitudinally toxoplasm that holds fusing carrier, is carrying molten part on the toxoplasmatic inner surface of this master; Comprise that also becomes a forniciform vertical toxoplasm, this toxoplasm is longitudinally relative with above-mentioned shell master toxoplasm medial surface, and surrounds this medial surface; In above-mentioned shell end vis-a-vis, above-mentioned exit is end cap shape, the end cap ring wrapping above-mentioned facing to the interlock of shell toxoplasm, and help them to tighten together.

6, according to the fuse of claim 4 or 5, wherein above-mentioned molten part is a coating on above-mentioned shell master toxoplasm inner surface.

7, according to the fuse of claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: each end cap all has a part that concaves into from the middle part, bottom surface; Shell master toxoplasm is at contiguous its each place, end, and all there is a recess on its surface, and the end of above-mentioned molten part trails above the recess at this, and the part that concaves into of each end cap reaches with molten part the crimping on electric there when assembling.

8, according to the fuse of claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: the stopper of tape punching is settled each exit place of vicinity in the enclosure, and molten part leaves the gap when passing each perforation, and links to each other on electric with exit.

9, the fuse of claim 8, wherein above-mentioned stopper is made by a kind of material, and this material discharges a kind of arc extinguishing gases on its surface at least under molten part fusing situation.

10, fuse, it comprises a molten part between two exits that are placed in the open ended insulation crust, should comprise a kind of suitable electric conducting material by molten part, and its end vis-a-vis links to each other with above-mentioned exit on electric, this exit is the end cap of the conduction of the above-mentioned shell open end of sealing, it is characterized in that: the metallic plate that all is provided with a tape punching at contiguous each above-mentioned end cap medial surface place, the end of adjacent molten part is passed from this metallic plate, and this metallic plate is as the barrier layer of electric arc by this plate path.

11, fuse, it comprises a molten part, and this molten part is placed between two interior exits of an insulation crust, and this insulation crust is heap sand or other similar arc-quenching filler material not; Above-mentioned molten part comprises a kind of suitable electric conducting material, and its end vis-a-vis links to each other with above-mentioned exit on electric, it is characterized in that: the inner surface of above-mentioned at least shell is a kind of material that can discharge a kind of arc extinguishing gases under molten part fusing situation; The stopper that tape punching is arranged in this shell end vis-a-vis; Molten part passes and leaves the gap that arc barrier is shaped from each perforation, and links to each other with exit on electric.

12, fuse, it comprises a molten part, should be placed between two interior exits of an insulation crust by molten part, this molten part comprises a kind of suitable electric conducting material, and its end vis-a-vis links to each other with above-mentioned exit on electric, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned shell has the stopper of tape punching in its end vis-a-vis, and molten part passes from each perforation.And leave the gap that the arc path barrier layer is shaped, and on electric, link to each other with exit.

13, according to the fuse of claim 11 or 12, it is characterized in that: the axis that passes the perforation of each stopper and shell at an angle.

14, according to claim 11,12 or 13 fuse, wherein, each stopper all uses a kind of ablator to make, and this material is when discharging above-mentioned gas in above-mentioned inner surface of outer cover the is exposed to molten part fusing environment, and it is complete to remain shell.

15, according to the fuse of claim 11 or 12, wherein, the plug portion of tape punching is to make with a kind of material that can discharge a kind of arc extinguishing gases under molten part fusing situation at least.

16, according to claim 11,12 or 14 fuse, it is characterized in that: the inside reinforcement by shell constitutes stopper.

17, according to claim 1,11 or 12 fuse, it is characterized in that: contiguous in the enclosure each exit place all is provided with the metallic plate of a tape punching, molten part passes from this metallic plate, and this metallic plate passes through the barrier layer of this plate to contiguous end cap expansion as electric arc.

18, according to claim 5,8,9 or 12, wherein, above-mentioned fuse is a kind of fuse that is used for interdicting at least about 1000 amperage magnitude electric currents, and above-mentioned shell is heap sand or other similar arc-quenching filler material not.

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