CN86100396A - Oil film speed-regulating clutch with Ω valve and cluster spring - Google Patents

Abstract

Oil film speed-regulating clutch with Ω valve and cluster spring belongs to the variable-speed clutch technical field.With being loaded on driven shaft and together rotating with it Ω valve information feedback device as speed governing, the cluster spring that utilization is formed by common Hookean spring serial or parallel connection, make control piston move to assigned position, to obtain the corresponding combination degree between desired oil-film speed regulation clutch friction plate, reach the purpose of speed governing and energy steady running.The present invention can be used as the transmission and the arrangements for speed regulation of various machineries, reaches the minimizing energy consumption, and life-saving increases productivity, the purpose that reduces cost.

Description

Oil film speed-regulating clutch with Ω valve and cluster spring

The invention belongs to variable-speed clutch.

Oil film speed-regulating clutch claims slip clutch again, the Ω clutch, variable-speed clutch, be a kind of novel clutch that utilizes the liquid viscosity transferring power and carry out speed governing, it can realize stepless speed regulation by the combination degree of the friction plate between control driving shaft and the driven shaft on a large scale.All need the machine of varying duty running, and all available oil film speed-regulating clutch reaches changed speed operation and realizes purpose of energy saving.The water pump of drive motor power and 25KW for example, adopt the oil film speed-regulating clutch speed governing after, and adopt valve regulated to compare can to save electric energy 12% to 45%.Its utilization can also make service life of a machine prolong, and throughput improves, and has very big economic benefit.

Realize speed governing as how concrete technological scheme? how to make the stabilization of speed of output shaft? this is the key problem in technology of oil film speed-regulating clutch.But in existing technical paper, this be there is no be described in detail, just the general narration on the principle fails to solve the engineering practice problem.Therefore, in the process of development oil film speed-regulating clutch, carry out the coupling of a large amount of tests and passable by rule of thumb each parameter, workload is big, and the cycle is long, and does not reach desirable effect.Purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned key problem in technology of oil film speed-regulating clutch from the angle of theoretical and engineering practice, makes the commercialization of this novel speed-regulating actuator become possibility.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of oil film speed-regulating clutch of the present invention.Oil film speed-regulating clutch has driving shaft (1) and driven shaft (6), is bearing in respectively on the bearing (7), and lubricant oil is full of friction plate group (2), by the liquid viscous friction between the friction plate, makes driving shaft drive the widely different commentaries on classics of driven shaft.The size of friction torque then depends on the combination degree (being oil slick thickness) between control piston (4) and friction plate.P among Fig. 1 _LRepresent the pressure of lubricating oil path, P _CRepresent the pressure of control oil channel.

Technical characteristics of the present invention is that this oil film speed-regulating clutch has Ω (omega) valve (3) and cluster spring (5).This is two critical components realizing oil film speed-regulating clutch stepless speed regulation and steady running.

Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of Ω (omega) valve.It is made up of valve body (11), spool (12), valve gap (13) and link, and it is contained on the driven shaft and rotation therewith.Spool is radially arranged and can radially be moved back and forth, when output speed surpassed required value, spool outwards moved under action of centrifugal force, thereby connected draining hole (14), the oil pressure of control piston reduces, that is provides a feedback signal that requires driven shaft to slow down.Simultaneously, the reduction of oil pressure causes reducing of control piston end thrust, and piston moves right, and combination degree between friction plate reduces, and driven shaft slows down, thereby can make driven shaft remain on steady running on the rotating speed of requirement.

The spool lower end of Ω valve, it is d that a diameter is arranged ₃Short cylinder (15).It is d that a diameter is arranged in the cylindrical body lower end ₂Oil pocket (16).The height l of short cylinder ₁Can be taken as the diameter d that approximates draining hole (14) ₅On valve gap (13), can be provided with annular oil cavity (17), oil pocket (16) and (17) are connected with the hyperbaric chamber of control piston by oil circuit (18) and (19) respectively.Each physical dimension of Ω valve can design according to fluid continuous-flow condition and the proper principle of ratio collocation, advises that the pass between each size is: spool height l=(1～3) d ₁, d ₂=(0.5～0.6) d ₁, d ₃=(0.2～0.4) d ₁, l ₁=d ₅; Shift motion S≤the d of spool in valve body ² ₅/ (4 * d ₂); d ₃≤ $\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="86100396\_DRIMG1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}^2{}_1\mathrm{-\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d"\; filenames="86100396\_DRIMG1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}{}^2{}_5}$ 。In addition, valve core material recommends to adopt structural steel.

The d of valve core diameter ₁(mm) and the radius of gyration R(mm of spool barycenter G) product value, can be according to the principle that guarantees that Ω valve and oil film speed-regulating clutch load speed are complementary, according to nominal operation rotation speed n (r.p.m) with control oil pressure Pc(kgf/cm ²), try to achieve or utilize the Ω valve performance line chart that obtains by strict theory analysis and meter etc. to look into by calculating and get.Fig. 5 is used for trying to achieve d ₁The schematic representation of the Ω valve performance line chart of * R value.

D has been arranged ₁* R value can be determined the position of Ω valve according to the general structure of oil film clutch, that is definite R value, thereby has also just determined d ₁Value.Also can determine d earlier ₁, again by d ₁And d ₁* R value is tried to achieve the R value.d ₁After value is determined,, can try to achieve each structural parameter according to the dimension scale relation of advising above.

The structure of spool also can adopt other slightly different forms, and shown in Figure 3 is hollow spool, has an axial hole (21) at the valve body center, the last lower oil cavitie of Ω valve is linked up, thereby oil circuit (19) can save.Spool shown in Figure 4 except that be hollow, also be provided with a throttle orifice (11) in its axial hole (21) upper end, utilize the throttling action of throttle orifice, can make moving of spool more steady.Certainly other structural forms can also be arranged, but essential structure all is the same with basic design and calculation method, does not give unnecessary details one by one.So far, the design objective of Ω valve is promptly accused and is finished.

Another critical component of the present invention is cluster spring (5).The rotary speed information feedback signal that obtains from the Ω valve must be by the moving and realize control correspondingly of control piston.The actuator of control piston motion often adopts spring.It all is non-linear requiring the piston motion rule coordinated mutually with the Ω valve and the variation of respective carrier ability.And the power of general spring and distortion are linear, and the two is inharmonious, influences speed adjusting performance and bearing capacity.And to make nonlinear spring, and be subjected to the restriction of technology and material, be difficult to again realize.The present invention adopts two Hookean springs to make up dexterously, makes it and can carry out speed governing in company with the Ω valve, can improve bearing capacity by designing requirement again, gives full play to the function of oil film speed-regulating clutch.

Cluster spring is by two stiffness coefficient differences, and the cylindrically coiled spring parallel connection or the tandem compound that are uneven in length form.An oil film speed-regulating clutch can be provided with one or several (for example 3～6), and they are contained in oil film speed-regulating clutch control piston rear side equably.Determining of the stiffness coefficient of cluster spring and structural parameter, be complementary with oil film speed-regulating clutch load and change in rotational speed rule, when control piston when control oil pressure effect is moved to the position that adapts with Ω valve feedback signal, the active force of cluster spring makes control piston be in plateau just.

Two kinds of forms of tandem compound and parallel connection combination are compared, and combination in parallel can obtain more reasonable and compact structure, thereby recommend to adopt combining form in parallel.The calculating principle and the computational methods of tandem compound spring, similar with cluster spring in parallel, so following the design to cluster spring in parallel is illustrated.

Cluster spring in parallel can be made up of two different cylindrically coiled spring suits of diameter, and the bearing end of two springs flushes, and the little person's length of rigidity is big.Its stiffness coefficient and structural parameter can calculate by the following method.

If: the friction plate number is m,

The cluster spring number is j,

The stiffness coefficient of flexure spring is K ₁, its length is L ₁,

The stiffness coefficient of stiffness spring is K ₂, its length is L ₂,

The control oil pressure that is complementary with Ω valve and load speed is P _C,

The control piston bearing area is A,

Oil film generation axial force is F between friction plate,

Ω valve speed adjustable range is i=i ₁To i=i ₂, and i ₁＜1, i ₁＞i ₂, i ₂＞0,

With speed ratio i ₁The oil slick thickness that adapts is h ₁, h ₂Value is determined according to manufacture level and quality of processing.

One, load is permanent moment of torsion

Make L ₂=L ₀+ △ L ₂

△ L ₂The amount of deformation of stiffness spring under the load of-maximum functional.

△ L then ₂=(m-1) (1-i ₂)/(1-i ₁) h ₁

Make L ₁=L ₀+ △ L ₁

△ L ₁The amount of deformation of flexure spring under the load of-maximum functional, its value is determined according to assembly condition.

Flexure spring stiffness coefficient K ₁

K ₁＝ (P _c(i=i ₂)A-F(i=i ₂))/(j(L ₁-L ₂))

P in the formula _C(i=i ₂)-expression speed ratio i=i ₂The time the control oil pressure.

F(i=i ₂)-expression speed ratio i=i ₂The time the oil film axial force.

The stiffness coefficient K of stiffness spring ₂

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="K"\; filenames="86100396\_DRIMG1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{P_C{\mathrm{(i\; =\; i}}_1{\mathrm{)\; A\; -\; F\; (i\; =\; i}}_1{\mathrm{)-\; j\; k}}_1{\mathrm{〔△\; L}}_1{\mathrm{-\; (m\; -\; 1\; )\; k}}_1〕}{{\mathrm{j\; (m-\; 1\; )\; h}}_1〔\frac{i_1{\mathrm{-\; i}}_2}{{\mathrm{1-\; i}}_1}〕}$

Two, load is applicable to centrifugal working machine for becoming moment of torsion

L ₁＝

+△L _J

L ₂＝L ₀+△L ₂

Its definition is identical with above-mentioned one, just is divided into two zones by cluster spring length, and its speed adjustable range is respectively i=i ₁～i ₂And i=i ₂～i ₃, and

i ₁＜1，i ₁＞i ₂，i ₂＞i ₃，i ₃＞0。

△L ₂＝（m-1）h ₁(1-i ₂)/(1-i ₁) ( (i ₁)/(i ₂) ) ²

Flexure spring stiffness coefficient K ₁

K ₁＝ (P _C(i=i ₂)A-F(i=i ₂))/(j(L ₁-L ₂))

The stiffness coefficient K of stiffness spring ₂

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="K"\; filenames="86100396\_DRIMG1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{P_C{\mathrm{(i\; =\; i}}_2{\mathrm{)\; A\; -\; F\; (i\; =\; i}}_1{\mathrm{)-\; j\; k}}_1{\mathrm{〔△\; L}}_1{\mathrm{-\; (m\; -\; 1\; )\; h}}_1〕}{{\mathrm{j\; (m-\; 1\; )\; h}}_1〔\frac{i^2{}_1{\mathrm{-\; i}}^2{}_2{\mathrm{-\; i}}^2{}_1{i}_2{\mathrm{+\; i}}_1{i}^2{}_2}{{\mathrm{(1-\; i}}_1{\mathrm{)\; i}}^2{}_2}〕}$

Three, load is for becoming moment of torsion, and non-centrifugal working machine need design cluster spring according to the characteristic of working machine.

This shows, above-mentioned Ω valve and and the design and calculation method of cluster spring, both based on rigorous theoretical analysis, the form with a kind of practicality provides again, and is simple, grasps easily and promotes, those skilled in the art all can be competent at.

Oil film speed-regulating clutch proposed by the invention owing to have well behaved Ω valve and cluster spring, can realize ideally that speed governing and running are stable, can be adapted to various loading condition, is a kind of novel speed-regulating actuator.This device can be used for engineering machinery, mining machinery, boats and ships, and blower fan water pump as transmission and arrangements for speed regulation, can be received raising throughput in the various machineries such as lathe, increases the service life, energy saving, positive effect such as reduce cost.This device has vast market surely as being produced in a large number by the special manufacturer as special matching parts.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of oil film speed-regulating clutch has driving shaft (1), with moving axis (6), friction plate group (2), control piston (4) and bearing (7) etc., and its technical characteristics is that it also is provided with Ω valve (3) and cluster spring (5).

The Ω valve is made up of valve body (11), spool (12), valve gap (13) and link, and it is contained on the driven shaft and rotation therewith.Spool is radially arranged and can radially be moved back and forth, when output speed surpasses required value, spool outwards moves under action of centrifugal force, thereby connect draining hole (14), the oil pressure of control piston reduces, that is provides a feedback signal, by the combination degree between control piston and cluster spring change clutch friction plate, thereby driven shaft is slowed down, make it steady running under the rotating speed of regulation.

Cluster spring can have 1 or several (for example 3～6), and they are contained in oil film speed-regulating clutch control piston rear side equably.Each cluster spring cylindrically coiled spring parallel connection or tandem compound different by two stiffness coefficients and that be uneven in length form.Determine and the oil film speed-regulating clutch load and the change in rotational speed rule of the stiffness coefficient of cluster spring and structural parameter are complementary.When control piston moved to the position that adapts with Ω valve feedback signal, the active force of cluster spring made control piston be in state of equilibrium just.

2, as the said oil film speed-regulating clutch of claim 1.Its technical characteristics is: its d of valve core diameter ₁With spool barycenter radius of gyration R be according to the principle that guarantees that Ω valve and oil film speed-regulating clutch load speed are complementary, according to the nominal operation rotation speed n with control oil pressure P _C, by calculating or definite with Ω valve performance line chart.Being provided with a diameter in said spool lower end is d ₃Short cylinder, it is d that a diameter is arranged in the cylindrical body lower end ₂Oil pocket.The structural parameter of said Ω valve can design by the condition that satisfies fluid continuous-flow.

3, as claim 1,2 said variable-speed clutches, its technical characteristics is that said cluster spring is by two stiffness coefficients differences and the cylindrically coiled spring parallel connection that is uneven in length or is composed in series.The bearing of two springs of tandem compound spring flushes, and the little person's length of stiffness coefficient is big.The stiffness coefficient of this two spring and length value are the bearing capacitys according to oil film speed-regulating clutch, working speed n, control oil pressure P _C, the fit up gap, definite by calculating.

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