CN85108414A - Hydraulic-mechanical speed variator - Google Patents
Hydraulic-mechanical speed variator Download PDFInfo
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- CN85108414A CN85108414A CN85108414.1A CN85108414A CN85108414A CN 85108414 A CN85108414 A CN 85108414A CN 85108414 A CN85108414 A CN 85108414A CN 85108414 A CN85108414 A CN 85108414A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001095 motoneuron effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the hydromechanical transmission that may utilize stepless speed variator.Hydromechanical transmission is that the fluid drive mechanism of the Hydraulic Power Transmission System of the variable speed that forms differential attachment with by two pump/motors is assembled together.Simultaneously, by the low-speed machinery transmission system, make input end and output terminal connect into lower-speed state or by the high speed machine transmission system, make input end and output terminal connect into fast state, be provided with and select wherein a kind of state switching mechanism of state, hydraulic pump/motor is made fixed capacity, and another hydraulic pump/motor is made variable-displacement.
Description
The present invention is the technology relevant with hydromechanical transmission, and this speed changer is a kind of high efficiency stepless speed variator, can be widely used in various industrial fields.
Use the stepless speed variator of hydraulic pump/motor as you know, that is hydraulic transmission (HST).Yet, though this device stepless change performance is good, for example: in the high-speed region of crimping machine or centrifuge etc., the defeated state that uses in the drive system that is contained in of low transhipment, but, do not make two kinds of corresponding hydraulic pump/motors all make the variable-displacement motor, just can not reach the high efficiency running.Promptly in other words, the ES(that shape is used in such drive system is, hydraulic transmission), as shown in Figure 4, by oil hydraulic circuit (omit in the drawings in the loop of boosting etc.) hydraulic pump/motor p, the q of variables corresponding are directly connected, power from motor is input among a kind of hydraulic pump/motor p, and from another kind of hydraulic pump/motor q outputting power, this power can be passed to the rotor of centrifuge or the driving wheel of automobile etc. simultaneously.And, the process till the paramount at the uniform velocity running of starting beginning, carry out control as shown in Figure 4, system effectiveness is improved as far as possible.Specifically.At first, when starting, the capacity of the hydraulic pump/motor q of output is fixed on maximum value, simultaneously, the capacity of the hydraulic pump/motor p of input is in zero position.From this state, pump one starting increases the capacity of the hydraulic pump/motor p of input gradually.Like this, the hydraulic pump/motor q that plays the output of motor effect keeps the commentaries on classics distance of certain altitude, and rotating speed rises.When the capacity of the hydraulic pump/motor p that imports reaches maximum costly section, lose volume controlled to this hydraulic pump/motor p, then, the capacity of the hydraulic pump/motor q of output is reduced.Thus, the hydraulic pump/motor q of output simultaneously reduces torque, and one side increases rotating speed.Till certain height at the uniform velocity turns round.In the lower-speed state of this device till the capacity of hydraulic pump/motor p of input reaches maximum value, promptly carry out deciding the torque running, the fast state in the easy control of the hydraulic pump/motor q that exports promptly, carries out fixed horsepower braking.For this reason, be complementary with system performance and can become high efficiency running.
But, because the hydraulic pump/motor of general variance requires the many and complex structure of the movable part of high-precision processing, so, use the hydraulic pump/motor of two variablees just to make whole system complicated and expensive rough sledding occurs.And, because the capacity of two hydraulic pump/motors of having to control respectively, so, the high problem of complicated and price of control system unavoidably can appear.In addition, because the many causes of the moveable part of volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor, so the leakage rate of working fluid is more more inevitably than quantitative hydraulic pump/motor, for this reason, energy loss is also some more than quantitative hydraulic pump/motor.And also the influence that can not give a piece of bad advice feeds through to the high efficiency ratio of whole system.
The objective of the invention is to eliminate above-mentioned some problems of mentioning.
The invention is characterized in: in order to achieve the above object, and be provided with the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd driving end; Adopt gear shift mode simultaneously, this gear shift mode possesses: by at low-speed machinery transmission system between the 1st and the 2nd driving end or the differential attachment that forms by the high speed machine transmission system between the 1st and the 3rd driving end; The 2nd driving end of this differential attachment is connected respectively with each transmission shaft of the corresponding hydraulic pump/motor of the 3rd driving end, constitute the fluid drive mechanism of the Hydraulic Power Transmission System of variable speed owing to these two pump/motors, make input end and output terminal connect into lower-speed state or by the high speed machine transmission system by the low-speed machinery transmission system, make input end and output terminal connect into fast state, be provided with and select wherein a kind of state switching mechanism of state; And, hydraulic pump/motor is made fixed capacity, and another hydraulic pump/motor is made variable-displacement.
Under lower-speed state, by the 1st driving end and the connection of the low-speed machinery transmission system between the 2nd driving end input and output side of differential attachment, the part of input power is by this machine driven system output.Remaining power is then passed to output terminal by the Hydraulic Power Transmission System that hydraulic drive motor is configured to.In this case, a hydraulic pump/motor that plays pumping action is made variable-displacement, because make this capacity change to maximum value with zero, another hydraulic pump/motor that plays the motor effect keeps certain high torque (HT), rotating speed rises, and the output of this speed changer also shows the tendency of sample again.
In addition, under fast state,, be communicated with input end and output terminal by the 1st driving end of differential attachment and the high speed machine transmission system between the 3rd driving end.The part of input power is by this mechanism driving system output.And remaining power is then passed to output terminal by the Hydraulic Power Transmission System that is configured to by hydraulic drive motor.In this case, to play the distribution of pump or motor effect be to change mutually with the distribution under the low speed drive state to each hydraulic pump/motor.That is, aforesaid volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor, and be to be used for the motor effect now.For this reason, the capacity of this volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor and aforesaid capacity reduce to zero from maximum value on the contrary, and the rotating speed of this volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor rises, and the whole output of this speed changer also shows same tendency.
Below see figures.1.and.2 one embodiment of the present of invention are described.
The hydromechanical transmission of indication of the present invention, the simple signal as among Fig. 1 has following mechanism: the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd driving end 1,2,3 is arranged; By between the 1st driving end 1 and the 2nd driving end 2 being low-speed machinery transmission system a, by between the 1st driving end 1 and the 3rd driving end 3 being high speed machine transmission system b, system a and the b of system form differential attachment 4; The 2nd driving end 2 of this differential attachment 4 is connected with the line shaft 5a of quantitative hydraulic pump/motor 5.Simultaneously, the 3rd driving end 3 is connected with the line shaft 5a of volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor 5.Simultaneously, the 3rd driving end 3 is connected with the line shaft 7a of volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor 5.Form the fluid drive mechanism 8 of Hydraulic Power Transmission System A, the B of variable speed by these two pump/motors 5 and 7; By low-speed machinery transmission system a, input end and output terminal connect into lower-speed state or by high speed machine transmission system 6, input end and output terminal connect into fast state, is provided with to select wherein a kind of state switching structure 9 of state.
Differential attachment 4 is epicyclic gear systems, evenly disposes several planetary pinions 4a at circumferencial direction, its inboard center configuration sun gear 4b, two outsides and ring gear 4c engagement.The central part of gear carrier 4d that supports each planetary pinion 4a at this driving end 1 place, is provided with power input shaft 13 as aforesaid the 1st driving end 1.In addition,, as the 2nd driving end 2 gear 14 is fixed on this driving end 2 with the supporting axle 4e of sun gear 4b.As the 3rd driving end 3, gear 15 is arranged on driving end 3 places with the wheel part 4f of internal gear 4c.
Fluid drive mechanism 8, by with common HST(hydraulic pump/motor stepless speed variator hydraulic transmission) same oil hydraulic circuit 16, must being that hydraulic pump/motor 5 and change are put hydraulic pump/motor 7 and be in series.The transmission shaft 5a of hydraulic pump/motor 5 is connected with the supporting 4e of sun gear 4b.By gear 17 the transmission shaft 7a of hydraulic pump/motor 7 is connected with ring gear 4c.
Aforesaid state switching mechanism 9 comprises: between low speed gear 18 and output shaft 19 low-speed clutch 21 is set, low speed gear 18 is to be meshed with gear 14 on the 2nd driving end 2; Between high gear 22 and output shaft 19 high-speed clutch 23 is set, high gear 22 is to be meshed with the gear 15 of the 3rd driving end 3.
In this embodiment, input shaft 13 is arranged on the 1st driving end 1 place of differential attachment 4, loop power from motor etc. is input to input shaft 13, simultaneously, input shaft 13 connects the 2nd driving end 2 or the 3rd driving end 3 of differential attachment 4, by state switching mechanism 9 rotary motive power from input shaft 13 is exported, and reached the driving wheel of vehicle.
Embodiment's operation below is described.
In conjunction with low-speed clutch 21, throw off simultaneously in the lower-speed state of high-speed clutch 23, by the 1st driving end 1 of differential attachment 4 and the low-speed machinery transmission system a between the 2nd driving end 2, input end and output terminal are coupled together, and the part of input power directly is transferred to output shaft 19 by low-speed machinery transmission system a.At this moment, volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor 7 plays pump, and quantitative hydraulic pump/motor 5 plays the motor running effect.That is to say that the turning power of the 3rd driving end 3 of differential attachment 4 by being formed on the Hydraulic Power Transmission System A between quantitative hydraulic pump/motor 7 and the quantitative hydraulic pump/motor 5, reaches output shaft 19.So, under lower-speed state, because the capacity of volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor 7 is increased, the rotating speed of relative input shaft 13, the rotating speed of output shaft 19 has just improved, in other words, when if the capacity of volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor 7 is zero, because the 3rd driving end 3 of differential attachment 4 is in idling conditions substantially, so the output shaft 19 that is connected the 2nd driving end 2 of differential attachment 4 also stops operating basically.So, along with the increase of hydraulic pump/motor 7 capacity, the rotating speed of the 3rd driving end 3 correspondingly reduces, and the rotating speed of the 2nd driving end 2 just relatively just improves.
When the rotating speed of the 2nd driving end 2 and the 3rd driving end 3 equates, switch the clutch 21,23 of aforesaid state switching mechanism 9.Its result, low-speed clutch 21 is thrown off, and switches to the fast state of high-speed clutch 23 combinations.
Under fast state, machine driven system 6 forms between the 1st driving end 1 and the 3rd driving end 3 of differential attachment 4, and the part of input power is by this mechanical system 6, directly transmit shaft 19, at this moment, volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor 7 plays the motor effect, and quantitative hydraulic pump/motor 5 plays pump running effect.Speaking more is to say, the turning power of the 2nd driving end 2 of differential attachment 4, and the Hydraulic Power Transmission System by constituting between quantitative hydraulic pump/motor 5 and volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor 7 reaches output shaft 19.So, under the high speed drive state, because the capacity of volume adjustable hydraulic pump/motor 7 is reduced, the rotating speed of relative input shaft 13, the rotating speed of output shaft 19 just improves.In other words, because the capacity of the hydraulic pump/motor 7 of motor operation is reduced, the rotating speed of the 3rd driving end will relatively improve, and the rotating speed of the 2nd driving end 2 will relatively reduce.
But, if such device is arranged, in lower-speed state, can utilize the accelerated service of high torque (HT), in fast state, can become low torque and run up.And this device is in fast state and lower-speed state, makes corresponding hydraulic pump/motor 5,7 replace pump and motor effect.For this reason, have only a hydraulic pump/motor 7 to make variable-displacement, and another hydraulic pump/motor 5 is in fixed capacity, as aforesaid control.Thereby, all to make the variable-displacement state with two hydraulic pump/motors and compare, the of the present invention setting can reduce accurate number of packages order in addition significantly, can reach designs simplification and cheap.In addition, because this device can only carry out the volume controlled that can be of the switching of clutch 21,23 and a hydraulic pump/motor 7, so, also can obtain to make the simple effect of control system, again, at that rate set as the present invention, movable hermetic unit can not appear because of the variation capacity, so energy loss can reduce half, the efficient of system can be risen.
Secondly, differential attachment is not limited to use epicyclic gear system.But, if use epicyclic gear system, then more easily reach the purpose that tightens mechanism.
Explanation at last a bit, in aforesaid enforcement, done relevant explanation for the input method of salary distribution that has disposed differential attachment at input end, the present invention also is not limited to the embodiment of this kind mode, for example, in the embodiment of the output method of salary distribution, can be suitable for too.
The present invention is owing to have said structure.Only make one of corresponding hydraulic pump/motor to make variable-displacement, can carry out the speed Control of coupled system, reach speed up as far as possible in running of energy high torque (HT) and the high speed in this system requirements low speed.For this reason, make two of corresponding hydraulic pump/motor all to make variable-displacement, compare to obtain same control characteristic, structure of the present invention can reduce the precision parts number, can reach designs simplification and cheap, simultaneously, can expect the simplification of control system and the rising of system effectiveness.
Scheme low simple declaration:
Fig. 1 is the kinematic scheme of expression one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is an expression performance chart embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is expression prior art embodiment's an oil hydraulic circuit explanatory drawing.
Fig. 4 is expression prior art embodiment's a performance chart.
1-the 1st driving end
2-the 2nd driving end
3-the 3rd driving end
The 4-differential attachment
The 4a-planetary pinion
The 4b-sun gear
The 4c-ring gear
The 4d-gear carrier
The 4e-supporting axle
The 4f-hub portion
The hydraulic pump/motor that 5-is quantitative
The 5a-transmission shaft
The hydraulic pump/motor of 7-variable
The 7a-transmission shaft
9-state switching mechanism
The 13-input shaft
14,15-gear
The 16-oil hydraulic circuit
The 17-gear
The 18-low speed gear
The 19-output shaft
The 21-low-speed clutch
The 22-high gear
The 23-high-speed clutch
A-low speed mechanism transmission system
B-high speed machine transmission system
A, B-Hydraulic Power Transmission System
Claims (1)
- A kind of hydromechanical transmission is characterized in that: have the 1st, the 2nd and the 3rd driving end; Also possess simultaneously: by low-speed machinery transmission system between the 1st and the 2nd driving end or the differential attachment that forms by the high speed machine transmission system between the 1st and the 3rd driving end; The 2nd driving end of this differential machinery is connected respectively with each transmission shaft of the corresponding hydraulic pump/motor of the 3rd driving end, has constituted the fluid drive mechanism of the Hydraulic Power Transmission System of variable speed owing to these two pump/motors; By the low-speed machinery transmission system, make input end and output terminal connect into lower-speed state, perhaps, make input end and output terminal connect into fast state by the high speed machine transmission system, be provided with and can select wherein a kind of state converting mechanism of state; Also have, a hydraulic pump/motor is made fixed capacity, and another hydraulic pump/motor is made variable-displacement.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85108414 CN1016526B (en) | 1985-11-23 | 1985-11-23 | Hydraulic-mechanical speed variator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85108414 CN1016526B (en) | 1985-11-23 | 1985-11-23 | Hydraulic-mechanical speed variator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85108414A true CN85108414A (en) | 1987-05-27 |
| CN1016526B CN1016526B (en) | 1992-05-06 |
Family
ID=4796007
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85108414 Expired CN1016526B (en) | 1985-11-23 | 1985-11-23 | Hydraulic-mechanical speed variator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1016526B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101608684A (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2009-12-23 | 韦海虎 | A kind of mechanical continuously-variable transmission of two mixed power differential speed regulations |
| CN102359567A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-02-22 | 南京农业大学 | Full-automatic continuously variable transmission of tractor |
| CN102900542A (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-30 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | Motor-generator and prime mover gearing assembly |
| CN105605183A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-05-25 | 南京农业大学 | Mechanical-hydraulic combined drive continuously variable transmission for high-horsepower tractor |
-
1985
- 1985-11-23 CN CN 85108414 patent/CN1016526B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101608684A (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2009-12-23 | 韦海虎 | A kind of mechanical continuously-variable transmission of two mixed power differential speed regulations |
| CN102900542A (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-30 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | Motor-generator and prime mover gearing assembly |
| CN102359567A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-02-22 | 南京农业大学 | Full-automatic continuously variable transmission of tractor |
| CN105605183A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-05-25 | 南京农业大学 | Mechanical-hydraulic combined drive continuously variable transmission for high-horsepower tractor |
| CN105605183B (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-04-17 | 南京农业大学 | Infinitely variable transmission drives in a kind of machine liquid association for big-powered tractor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1016526B (en) | 1992-05-06 |
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| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee |