CN85107840A - Light scattering coating, method for forming the coating and lamp having the coating - Google Patents
Light scattering coating, method for forming the coating and lamp having the coating Download PDFInfo
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Light-scattering coating having excellent light-scattering effect, method for forming the coating, and halogen lamp having the coating. The coating comprises gas bubbles entrapped in a metal oxide coating on the basal surface. The forming method is as follows: a composition of an organometallic compound and a high boiling point organic solvent is applied to a base surface, and then the organometallic compound is decomposed during baking to form a metal oxide coating, and bubbles formed by evaporation of the solvent are entrapped in the coating. The porous light-scattering coating of the halogen lamp is formed on another coating that passes visible light but reflects infrared light. At high temperatures, stresses due to differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the materials of the outer shell and the light scattering layer can be absorbed by the porous structure, preventing the coating from peeling off.
Description
The present invention introduces a kind of light scattering coated, and this coating forms on the basal plane of lamp (for example halogen lamp, high-pressure discharge lamp), light filter, glass pane etc., has scattering properties.The present invention also introduces the method that forms this coating, and it is higher that this method might produce efficient, and uniform lamp throws light on.
In order to make illumination be evenly distributed in whole being subjected to according on the surface, halogen lamp (halogen lamp that for example is used for duplicating machine) has several filaments that are connected in series by conductor, and its whole assembly is enclosed in the straight pipe type shell of being made by silex glass, and its axle along this pipe is kept flat.Yet, owing in the light of this halogen lamp emission, comprise a large amount of infrared-rays, so, exist by the danger of cause thermal damage for the article that duplicating.Therefore, the surface of lamp generally will be handled through hacking, so that a scattering surface to be provided.But this method has the shortcoming of labor intensive.In addition, adopt electrostatic coating and etch that fine grain scattering powder (for example silicon dioxide) is coated in the outside of lamp and the method that forms light scattering coated also is considerable.The generally not anti-mechanical stress of the coating of these types is damaged easily, and in some cases, after long-term the use, the effect of light scattering can descend.According to the difference of used fine grained light scattering powder, it is poor to quartz glass affinity that coating can take place, and the situation of peeling off easily.
At these problems, the applicant had just been developed a technology in the past, i.e. outside surface formation at transparent outer cover can make visible light pass through, but the coating of reflects infrared light.And constituting light scattering coated at the top of this reflected infrared coating, the visible light by the reflected infrared coating is disperseed to make illumination to distribute equably according to the surface being subjected to by light scattering coated.This technology is at the clear 58-95001(95001/1983 of Japanese patent application No.) in propose.Yet, when this technology is used for lamp (for example halogen lamp),,, the danger of peeling off is arranged because of prolonged and repeated switch can make light scattering layer for some light scattering coated because the skin temperature of lamp is very high.This means be necessary to select a kind of temperature raise or situation about reducing under all stable, and the high light scattering coated of physical strength.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of light scattering coated and make the method for this coating, this coating is easy to large-scale production, and physical strength is high and durable, can be coated on the outside of basal plane of various lamps or inboard etc., and irrelevant with used material.And this coating can play fabulous scattering process.
Another object of the present invention is not destroy coming into force of this application by the qualification that the light scattering coated that proposes among the clear 58-95001 of application number is done, and target is to produce a kind of even also do not have the lamp that light scattering coated peels off danger behind prolonged and repeated switch.
A further object of the invention provides a kind of lamp that light scattering coated is arranged.
Other purpose of the present invention, advantage and characteristics will be perfectly clear by analyzing following introduction and accompanying drawing for the people who is proficient in this technology, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of the halogen lamp of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows the amplification diagram sectional view of the part that is designated as II among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 shows the electron micrograph of the outside surface of light scattering coated part 3 among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 shows in the method that forms light scattering coated, the diagram sectional view of this coating before baking;
Fig. 5 shows the diagram sectional view of multilayer light scattering coated; And
Fig. 6 represents the figure of light scattering coated effect in this embodiment.
First of the present invention is light scattering coated, this coating by bubble is wrapped into basal plane form continuous coated in produce scattering of light.
Second portion of the present invention is the method that forms this light scattering coated: the mixture of organo-metallic compound and high boiling organic solvent is applied to basal plane, decomposes then this organic gold in bake process Belong to compound and form the coating of this metal oxide, meanwhile, will wrap in this metal oxide owing to the bubble that the high boiling solvent evaporation forms, namely form light scattering coated.
Third part of the present invention is the halogen lamp that the porous light scattering coated is arranged, this porous coating is that the coating in case surface forms, this coating can make visible light pass through, but reflects infrared light, like this, when shell was in high temperature, the stress that produces owing to the difference of the thermal coefficient of expansion between shell mechanism material and the light scattering structure material can be absorbed because of this loose structure, and has prevented peeling off of coating.
Below, reference diagram (is that embodiment among Fig. 1-Fig. 6) describes the present invention in detail.For the purpose of explaining, all adopt identical reference number and symbol to come like the representation class or components identical among the figure.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 illustrates a kind of halogen lamp that is used for duplicating machine, and it is the example of the lamp made of the method for the third part according to the present invention.This halogen lamp has the visible light of permission to pass through, but the coating 2 of reflected infrared, this coating forms on the straight pipe type shell of being made by transparent, pyroceram (as quartz glass) 1.Porous light scattering coated 3 forms at the top of reflectance coating 2.The closure part 4,4 of pressurization constitutes at the two ends of shell 1, and molybdenum foil conductor 5,5 embeds in each closure part 4,4.One end of every molybdenum foil 5,5 is connected with the inside conductor that is tightened up in shell 16,6, between inside conductor 6,6, and several filaments 7,7 ... on the appropriate location of center line, passing through by low resistance conductor 8,8 ... the not luminous component that constitutes and being connected in series.The filament 7,7 that is connected in series ... with low resistance conductor 8,8 ... by reed 9,9 ... be fixed on the appropriate location of shell 1 center line.The other end of molybdenum foil conductor 5,5 is connected with the crown top of burner 10,10, and the crown top of burner 10,10 invests the two ends of shell 1 by the external conductor (not shown).Needed halogen and inert gas, argon is for example enclosed the inside of shell 1 together.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of II part among Fig. 1, at length shows above-mentioned infrared reflection coating among the figure and typically has laminated coating, and this coating is by the titanium dioxide TiO that replaces
2The hachure that is tilted to the left Deng the high refractive index layer 2a(that makes), and silica, SiO
2The hachure that is tilted to the right Deng the low-index layer 2b(that makes) form.Because interference of light effect, this coating allow visible light easily to pass through, but complete reflects infrared light.2a layer and 2b layer among the figure have amplified, and its suitable thickness is 0.2-0.3 μ M(micron).
Various types of above-mentioned light scattering coateds 3 all are worthy of consideration, but represented among the figure be typical example.Be clearly shown that as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 electron micrograph, light scattering coated 3 continuous coated 31 in, numerous air- bubble 32,32 is arranged ..., and many circular pittings 33,33 ..., these holes are distortion of bubble, are to form on the surface of coating 31.The light that sees through is disperseed by these bubbles 32 and hole 33, and with the naked eye can see and occur shadow on the light scattering coated 3, and the thickness of the light scattering coated 3 that is constituted is 3000-8000
, or 0.3-0.8 μ m.The example of the metal oxide that is suitable for has titanium dioxide TiO
2, silica SiO
2, aluminium oxide Al
2O
3, zirconia ZrO
2, zinc paste ZnO, tantalum oxide Ta
2O
5, tin oxide SnO
2With indium oxide In
2O
3
Though the filament the 7, the 7th of halogen lamp is arranged separatedly and since its light disperseed by light scattering coated 3 after just emission, so be subjected to according to the phenomenon that does not have irregular irradiation on the surface.In addition, even the thermal expansivity of making the titanium dioxide of light scattering layer 3 and reflectance coating 2 and constituting between the quartz glass of shell 1 has very big difference, but because reflectance coating 2 and light scattering coated 3 lump together extremely thin, and in the material 31 of the light scattering coated 3 on top, bubble 32 and pitting 33 are arranged, therefore, the mechanically deform that is caused by the difference of thermal expansivity can alleviate.Simultaneously, even through long-term switch repeatedly, light scattering coated 3 can not peel off yet.And because light scattering coated 3 is extremely thin, the degree of its light loss is no more than 3-4%, and this is very good performance.In addition, because the material of light scattering coated 3 is continuous, the physical strength height, thus there is not the danger of damage, and through after long-term the use, light scattering characteristic is not change also.
Below the method for above-mentioned halogen lamp is made in general introduction.At first, make the inner filament 7,7 of enclosing with conventional method ... the straight pipe type halogen lamp, then, it is in the organic solvent of principal ingredient that the organic titanium oxide that with the tetra isopropyl titanate is principal ingredient is dissolved in the acetic acid esters, to prepare titanium solution.This solution contains the titanium (by weight) of 2-10%, and its viscosity is adjusted to about 1.0 centipoises, then that above-mentioned sealing is good halogen lamp immerses in this titanium solution, speed with about 30 centimeters/minute is taken out, dry also baking has promptly formed the ground floor high refractive index layer 2a-1 that contains titanium dioxide on the outside surface of shell 1.
Simultaneously, also will be that the organosilicon oxide of key component is dissolved in the acetic acid esters with the silester be in the main organic solvent of forming, with the preparation silica solution.This solution contains the silicon (by weight) of 2-10%, and regulate its viscosity to about 1.0 centipoises, and the more above-mentioned halogen lamp that contains ground floor high refractive index layer 2a-1 is immersed in this silicon solution, take out with the speed of about 35 centimeters/minute, dry also baking promptly forms ground floor low-index layer 2b-1.Further alternately form high refractive index layer 2a-2 again by this same method ... with low-index layer 2b-2 ..., one is about till 10 layers until total number of plies, has promptly constituted the coating of reflected infrared.
Then with the high boiling organic solvent of 5-10%, as phthalandione=-organic titanic compound that 2-diethyl acetamidomalonate or dioctyl phthalate (below be abbreviated as DOP) add in the above-mentioned example is dissolved in the solution of low boiling point organic solvent, and again low boiling point solvent is added in the above-mentioned solution, make its concentration be reduced to suitable degree.Then the above-mentioned halogen lamp that has reflected infrared coating 2 is immersed in this solution, take out with the speed of 30-50 centimeters/minute.Above-mentioned DOP is a colourless oil liquid, seethes with excitement under 231 ℃ and 5 mm Hg, and dissolves each other within the specific limits with low boiling point organic solvent.In dry run, has only lower boiling solvent evaporation.As appreciable by Fig. 4, after the drying, gel coating 34 makes its deepening owing to being covered with the DOP droplet that disperses.
The halogen lamp that will have the gel coating toasted about 5 minutes in air under about 600 ℃, during baking, being dispersed in the evaporation of the DOP droplet in the whole gel coating 34 and the decomposition of organic titanic compound almost takes place simultaneously, therefore, the DOP droplet almost evaporates, expands at same position and becomes bubble 32, and the DOP steam in these bubbles 32 is replaced by air gradually., be communicated with outside air and become pitting 33 because expansion is broken near the DOP droplet of gel coating surface.Be formed on the light scattering coated 3 that continuous titania coating contains bubble 32 and pitting 33 at last, as shown in Figure 3.Forming process is very clear thus, and bubble 32 among the present invention and pitting 33 are same thing basically.Improved the forming process of organic titanic compound coating except it seems with this method, DOP forms droplet and grows into bubble 32 in gelatinous coating 34.Therefore, though gel coating 34 is extremely thin, can form bubble.Simultaneously, the boiling point of DOP is very high, approaches the decomposition temperature of organic titanic compound, therefore, even when organic titanic compound begins thermal decomposition, still keeps enough vapour pressures in the bubble 32.So just prevented that bubble 32 is crushed before organic titanic compound decomposes and solidifies, or it is smooth that pitting 33 is flattened, thereby still comprise bubble 32 and the pitting 33 that shape remains intact when making coating 34 sclerosis.If the DOP addition is very little, bubble 32 and pitting 33 just very little, the effect of light scattering can reduce.On the contrary,, can form irregular bubble 32 of a large amount of sizes and pitting 33, local irregularities's property of scattering occur if the DOP that adds is too many, and a large amount of macroscopic pitting.
If regulate the viscosity of coating material, coating 34 is made significantly thicker, then can produce a large amount of bubbles and pitting, but on the other hand, pitting 33 becomes more shallow, and light degree of scatter variation.In contrast, if coating 34 is done too thinly, so,, just might make a kind of coating that contains which floor this thin light scattering coated because bubble 32 and pitting are still very little.According to experiment, when the thickness which floor thin light scattering coated 31 is made of with electron microscope observation is the light scattering coated of 0.5-1 micron, can see every square millimeter and have 20,000-60,000 bubble 32 and pitting 33, although this coating is very thin, light scattering effect is fabulous, and the coating 2 of reflected infrared does not have machinery or optic difficulty.
Above-mentioned high boiling organic solvent is not limited to DOP, and can be any similar physical character that has, and does not produce the organic solvent of residue decomposition when baking.
Adopt above-mentioned same method, prepare light scattering coated in the various high boiling organic solvents adding organic titanic compounds with different proportion, and studied the light scattering effect of this coating.Its result
As shown in table 1.
Table 1
DBP in the table, DOP and DAP are respectively Dibutyl phthalate, the abbreviation of dioctyl phthalate and diallyl phthalate.
As can be seen from Table 1, when constituting light scattering coated 3, should add DBP or the DOP of 5-20% with organic titanic compound.In addition, if low light scattering effect is pleased oneself, then can adopt the DAP of 10-20%.
Adopt above-mentioned same method, the different high boiling organic solvents of various ratios are added in organic silicide prepare light scattering coated, and studied the light scattering effect of this coating.Its result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
As seen from Table 2, when forming light scattering coated, should add DBP or the DOP of 5-20% with organic silicide.If form coating under same condition, the light scattering effect of titanium dioxide light scattering coated generation is better than silicide scattering coating so.This can think owing to the difference of their refractive index.
In addition, on same basal plane coating which floor be about the effect that 0.1 micron thin light scattering coated can increase the light scattering coated dispersed light.If according to said method do, then the light scattering coated that ground floor is thin is to adopt said method to form on basal plane, and the second layer and which floor later thin light scattering coated are to form at the top.Like this, as shown in Figure 5, at more following coating 31A, the pitting 33A that 31B is produced when forming, 33B is covered by more top coating, but bubble 32A, 32B but maintains the original state.This result makes this coating well as if the thick light scattering coated of a large amount of bubbles is arranged, and produces fabulous dispersion effect.
When which floor light scattering coated be made of, can adopt the method that applies repeatedly from level to level and toast or adopt the method for toasting together after which floor that applies.
After in the above-described embodiments the baking and hardening process, with continuous coated 31 in air, 1000 ℃ of bakings 10 minutes down make its crystallite that generates the 0.001-10 micron, can further improve the effect of light scattering.If handle light scattering coated like this, then the titanium layer in the reflected infrared coating that forms earlier also can crystallization, but this is permissible.
In addition, with the organic compound of other metals,, can form the light scattering coated of different metal oxides by above-mentioned same method.In conjunction with the technology in this light scattering coated material 31 that its metal compound particles is dispersed in that has earlier, also can strengthen the light scattering effect of this light scattering coated 3.
The metallic compound that will have property adds also can make this layer generation special performances in these light scattering coated materials.For example, add the powder with good heat conductive performance, as metal powder and alumina powder, then the thermal radiation of coating increases.Equally, if add coloured powder,, then form the coloured coloured light scattering coated of light belt that makes emission as cobalt aluminate.Under above-mentioned these situations, the adjuvant that is added can be with or without the light scattering effect, but has light scattering to do the time spent if desired, and the grain size of adjuvant may should be 0.001 micron or bigger.
Below will explain the operating process of halogen lamp among the embodiment illustrated in figures 1 and 2.When electricity during by the crown top of burner 10,10, filament 7,7 ... luminous, at filament 7,7 ... in the light that sends, the infrared ray ultrared coating 2 that is reflected reflects, and major part is got back to filament 7,7 ... and make the filament heating, and help to improve its luminescence efficiency.The visible light of penetration infrared coating 2 is disperseed by light scattering coated 3 and sends with the form of scattered light.As a result, when adopting this lamp, light be subjected to get according to surface distributed more even, and, even shared with reverberator, the optical image of filament 7 also can not appear.
Because in the light scattering coated 3 of halogen lamp, there be numerous air-bubble 32 and pitting (i.e. Bian Xing bubble) 33 to exist, if the shell of lamp is heated to high temperature, so, the stress that causes owing to the difference of the thermal expansivity between the titanium dioxide of outer tube and light scattering coated can be absorbed by these bubbles 32 and pitting 33.Peel off so light scattering coated is anti-, even also can not peel off through prolonged and repeated switch.In addition, the light scattering coated in the present embodiment is extremely thin, is the 0.5-1 micron, and this helps to reduce distortion, also is another reason that peeling phenomenon does not take place.
Measure down before light scattering coated 3 forms in the foregoing descriptions and distribute along the light of duplicating machine lamp axle afterwards at 150 volts, 250 watts, and contrast.Its result as shown in Figure 6.Among Fig. 6, the center of getting lamp is 0 point on the X-axis, and measures distance along directions X with millimeter.Y-axis is the relative value of illumination, is 100 with the illuminance at straight tube shape halogen lamp center.The light that curve A (solid line) expression coating 3 forms back light distributes, and the light of the lamp before curve B (dotted line) expression coating 3 forms distributes.Figure can find out thus, because the formation of coating 3, and being more evenly distributed of light.
The brightness (total light intensity) of equally also having compared the lamp before and after coating forms.After forming coating, the reduction of brightness is no more than 2-3%, and this low light loss is the characteristic of this light scattering coated 3.
The present invention also can be used for adopting the halogen lamp of T shape tubing type shell or G shape tubing type shell.In T shape type enclosure, filament should almost be to arrange coaxially, and in G shape type enclosure, filament should be arranged in the center near circular portion.In addition, the present invention also can be used for as stated above the outside surface at closed and inc two kinds of transparent outer covers, forms to allow visible light to pass through but the layered coating and the porous light scattering coated of reflected infrared.And, may production center part both not have the coating of reflected infrared not have the common cast halogen lamp of light scattering coated yet yet.
The present invention also can be used for the halogen lamp on the automobile, and its method is which floor reflected infrared coating and light scattering coated the outside surface of glass shell outside T shape tubing type forms, and places a filament at the center of this shell.
Even because be used in combination also not at the optical image that be not subjected to according to formation filament on the surface, so this lamp can not produce the phenomenon of irregular lighting with reverberator.
The present invention also can be used for common lamp, and its shell can be spherical or pyriform, and filament should be installed in the center of sphere or hemisphere portion.In addition, the present invention also can be used for following situation: form the coating and the light scattering coated of which floor reflected infrared on inc inner tube outer surface, cylindrical outer tube is enclosed with this subassembly then in the center of pipe in then filament being packed into.In this case, interior pipe and outer tube are in contact with one another.
In the above-described embodiments, light scattering coated 3 is to form at the outside surface of outer tube, but the present invention is not limited to this application mode.This coating can form on any surface, inside surface as halogen lamp, on the inside surface of ordinary lamps that adopts soft glass (as soda-lime glass) or Bohemian glass (as Pyrex) and infrared lamp etc. or outside surface, form, on the inside surface of the shell of high-pressure discharge lamp or outside surface or at sheet glass (as light filter or glass pane), go up and form.Here, compose with generic name " basal plane " on the surface that coating is formed in the above.
Because the light scattering coated among the present invention is to produce the light scattering effect by being included in continuous coated interior bubble, this continuous coated metal oxide by forming at basal plane forms, so, although this light scattering layer is very thin, but light scattering effect is very good, and reduced the mechanically deform that the difference of thermal expansion coefficients because of basal plane produces, and can tolerate rushing of long-term repeatedly heating and cooling Hit, thereby good mechanical property, light scattering effect does not reduce after long-term the use, and light loss is very little.
The method that forms light scattering coated among the present invention is organo-metallic compound and high boiling solvent to be mixed be applied on the basal plane, and then baking is decomposed and the formation coating of metal oxides organo-metallic compound. Therefore, after the coating, high boiling organic solvent forms the little droplet spread all over whole coating, and these droplets evaporate in situ and form bubble. The method can form very simply very thin but have the light scattering coated of good light scattering property.
In addition, because present invention resides in to form on the outer surface of halogen lamp transparent outer cover allows visible light to pass through, but the coating of reflects infrared light, and at the top of this reflectance coating formation porous light scattering coated, so infrared radiation is very little, the efficient height, light is being subjected to according to lip-deep being evenly distributed, even and also can not occur the danger of filament optical image in situation about sharing with reflector. And the present invention also has an advantage to be, even shell does not have the very important danger of peeling off through prolonged and repeated switch yet in the situation of high-temperature heating.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of light scattering coated comprises:
By the metal oxide that on basal plane, forms form continuous coated; And
Be included in the bubble in this coating.
2, a kind of light scattering coated according to claim 1, wherein the part in the said bubble is in the surperficial upper shed of this coating.
3, a kind of method that forms light scattering coated comprises:
Working procedure of coating is coated in organometallics and high boiling organic solvent on the basal plane; And
Form operation, decompose above-mentioned organometallics and form coating of metal oxides, make by this because above-mentioned high boiling organic solvent evaporates the bubble that forms stays in this coating of metal oxides.
4, a kind of by the lamp of forming with the lower part:
Transparent glass shell;
The porous light scattering coated that on the outside surface of said shell, forms; And
Be sealed in the filament in the said shell.
5, a kind of by the halogen lamp of forming with the lower part:
Transparent glass shell;
The permission visible light that forms on the outside surface of said shell passes through but the coating of reflects infrared light;
The porous light scattering coated; And
Be installed in the filament of above-mentioned shell core.
6, a kind of halogen lamp according to claim 4, wherein the bubble that leans against in the said light scattering coated of light scattering effect produces.
7, a kind of halogen lamp according to claim 5, wherein the bubble that leans against in the said light scattering coated of light scattering effect produces.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85107840 CN1020024C (en) | 1984-09-28 | 1985-10-25 | Light scattering coating, method of forming coating and lamp having coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59203672A JPS6182660A (en) | 1984-09-28 | 1984-09-28 | Halogen bulb |
| CN 85107840 CN1020024C (en) | 1984-09-28 | 1985-10-25 | Light scattering coating, method of forming coating and lamp having coating |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85107840A true CN85107840A (en) | 1987-05-06 |
| CN1020024C CN1020024C (en) | 1993-03-03 |
Family
ID=25742115
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85107840 Expired - Fee Related CN1020024C (en) | 1984-09-28 | 1985-10-25 | Light scattering coating, method of forming coating and lamp having coating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1020024C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101438094A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2009-05-20 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Multipurpose lighting unit |
| CN101384923B (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2011-03-02 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | Process for coating a glass plate |
-
1985
- 1985-10-25 CN CN 85107840 patent/CN1020024C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101438094A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2009-05-20 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Multipurpose lighting unit |
| CN101384923B (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2011-03-02 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | Process for coating a glass plate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1020024C (en) | 1993-03-03 |
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